Cenex Centre of excellence for low carbon and fuel cell technologies Low emission vehicle demonstration October 7 th 2010.

CenexCentre of excellence for low carbon and fuel cell technologies

Low emission vehicle demonstration

October 7th 2010

• Running projects and programmes focused on accelerating the deployment of low carbon vehicles– Managing low carbon vehicle

procurement – Overseeing fleet demonstration

activities to trial and test new low carbon vehicles and fuels

– Delivering fleet carbon reduction– Disseminating low carbon

developments to key stakeholders

• Cenex clients include:

Introduction to Cenex

Hydrogen Vehicles

Vehicles Birmingham, Loughborough and Stornoway

Infrastructure Sheffield, Bedford, Surrey, Glamorgan

Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

Vehicles Newcastle, Glasgow, Leeds, Gateshead, Perth & Kinross, Liverpool, Nottingham, Birmingham, Wakefield, Doncaster, London, Warwick, Coventry, Hackney, Sheffield, Camden and Islington

Infrastructure Birmingham, Westminster, Greenwich, Camden, Hackney, Coventry, Manchester airport, East midlands airport, Barnet , Stockton-on-Tees

Bio-methane

Vehicles London, Leeds and Middlesex

Infrastructure Sheffield, Glamorgan, Milton Keynes, Barnsley, Andover

Cenex low carbon vehicle projects in the UK

Introduction to the trial – 2009/2010

• Four smart ‘fortwo’ electric vehicles were deployed in the North East of England, aims:

– Increase exposure of electric vehicles– Collect data for analysis and dissemination

• Four regional vehicle hubs were created for deployment to

– Eight public sector fleets – Two private sector fleets– Three public drive events

• Users selected through prequalification questionnaire

• Qualitative data– Fleet users questionnaire– Fleet mangers questionnaire– Public drive events questionnaire

• Quantitative data– Telemetry system installed

Trial - Data collection systems

• 10 Public and Private fleets, good return rate

• Fleet users rate EV performance as good (=4)• Highest score in environmental factors

Organisations Number of drivers

Questionnaire returns

10 195 113 (58% return rate)

• 58 % of fleet users felt more positive about EV’s after participating in the trial

• 83% of fleet users in their 20s had positive opinion shift

Trial – Fleet user assessment questionnaire

• Users rate EV charging experience as good (=4) and charging easy and intuitive

• Private fleets rate availability and safety lower than public fleets (no access to dedicated infrastructure?)

• Charging at work dominated charging events

• Four councils had access to recharging posts

Trial - Charging assessment

• Charge management assessment shows the vehicle charging was generally well managed, but some room for improvement exists

Trial – Recharging behavior

• But 34% of users thought there wasn’t enough charge on occasion

• 95% of users state vehicles always or normally have sufficient charge for the intended journey

• Private fleets were less vigilant at opportunity charging and had more instances of users being concerned about range

Trial - Fleet manager’s assessment

• Motivation for trial involvement• To meet the organisation’s green aspirations• Good opportunity to trial EVs• Hope to incorporate EVs into future operations

• Main barriers to incorporating EVs into your fleet?• Range and purchase price• Lack of infrastructure was not perceived as a barrier to fleet

integration

• Opinion change of electric vehicles• 88% of fleet managers felt more positive about incorporating

electric vehicle into their fleet after trial participation• Similar trend to fleet users 50% of

organisations installed their own charging posts for the

trial

Only 1 in 6 fleet managers

concerned about ‘limited public

recharging infrastructure’

Trial - Range and CO2

• Data logged over 100 journeys Jan/Feb 2010

• Average range 72.4 km emitting 82.3 gCO2/km

• Range varied +/- 40 km depending on operating conditions

• Consumed 2.13 kWh, regenerated 0.210 kWh (9%)

• Average regeneration rate for all logged journeys was 11.3%

• Regeneration performance recovery varied from 4 to 29%

Frequent stop-starts representative of congested traffic flow allowing numerous small regeneration events

Larger regeneration available, representative of coast down or braking after higher speed operation

Battery SoC reduces significantly during prolonged high power operations.

Trial - Regeneration performance

Trial - Range anxiety

• 4.8 km average journey length • 100% of journeys are achievable

with a starting charge of 50%• Users begin to modify their

driving style at journey end State of Charge (SoC) reduces to 50%

55 % of journeys were less than 5 km. The average journey length was 4.8 km

The maximum journey length is 17.8 km. This represents only 46% of the minimum extrapolated range observed during the trial, or 25% of the average range

93 percent of journeys are started with above 50% SoC

Driving efficiency improves for journeys ending at a low SoC

• Trial continues this FY• Focus on long residency case studies with private fleets• New Generation Li-Ion vehicles (iMIEV and smart fortwo) • Technical research on vehicle behaviour

• Traffic interactions• Regeneration• Battery health

• Laboratory and test track analysis

• Dissemination event Nov 2010• Full results April 2011

Trial next steps – 2010/2011

Smart move trial report

Camden biomethane trial report

Feasibility study for the installation of a regional AD facility producing biomethane as a road transport fuel

Cenex smart electric drive study

Waste fleet analysis

Cenex biomethane toolkit and calculator

Cenex resources : Downloads @ www.cenex.co.uk/resources

New reports for 09/10 • Renewable hydrogen trial with Royal Mail• Biomethane RCV trial with Leeds CC• Smart move - 7 Li-ion electric vehicles long term fleet deployments• Regional hydrogen capabilities study• LCVPP and ULCVDP dissemination

Fleet carbon reduction guidance

• A multi-part guidance document for the fleet operator

• Built on Cenex’s experience trialling low carbon vehicles

Cenex Fleet carbon reduction

Fleet carbon reduction guidance

• Part 1 – Presenting a step-by-step approach

Cenex Fleet carbon reduction

Fleet carbon reduction guidance

• Part 2 – Examining low carbon vehicle technology

Cenex Fleet carbon reduction

Fleet carbon reduction guidance

• Part 3 – Case studies, building on experience

Cenex Fleet carbon reduction

Fleet carbon reduction tool

• A new fleet simulation package built to provide accurate predictions of the carbon and cost impact of introducing low carbon vehicles

• Cost-effective answers to questions like these

– What types of low carbon vehicles are out there?

– How will these vehicles perform in my application, which types are appropriate for my fleet, and what are the limitations?

– What is the whole life cost of low carbon vehicles, and by how much will they really reduce my carbon emissions?

Fleet carbon reduction tool

Cenex Fleet carbon reduction

Fleet carbon reduction tool

• Delivering an accurate estimation of the carbon reduction and economic impact of different transport fuels and technology options, modelling

• Vehicles

• Powertrains

• Duty cycles.

• Current fleet is characterised and input into the simulation to ensure baseline accuracy, then outcomes of low carbon vehicle deployment scenarios are examined.

• Tool outputs have been validated against the large amounts of real-world data collected by Cenex during its own vehicle trials.

• Tool operated by Cenex engineers experienced in low carbon vehicles.

Cenex Fleet carbon reduction

Conclusions

• Smart Move – in-depth analysis of electric vehicle deployment – on going study.

• Cenex has significant on-going low carbon vehicle project activity – Publically funded trials are published to disseminate learning– Reports available from www.cenex.co.uk/resources

• Cenex has launched a two step approach to fleet carbon reduction

• The Cenex fleet carbon reduction guidance– A multi-part, decision support guide for the fleet operators planning carbon

reduction

• The Cenex fleet carbon reduction tool– A new fleet simulation package built to provide accurate predictions of the

carbon and cost impact of introducing low carbon vehicles

Thank you for your attention

www.cenex.co.uk