Cellular Respiration April 25, 2012 Cellular Respiration happens in all living cells. is exothermic H atoms and e are removed from glucose (oxidization) and added to oxygen (reduction) excess energy (40% the rest is waste) is used to synthesize ATP, an endothermic reaction The breakdown of glucose for cellular energy.
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Cellular Respiration April 25, 2012
Cellular Respiration
happens in all living cells. is exothermicH atoms and e are removed from glucose (oxidization) and added to oxygen (reduction)excess energy (40% the rest is waste) is used to synthesize ATP, an endothermic reaction
The breakdown of glucose for cellular energy.
Cellular Respiration April 25, 2012
Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis1"breaking sugar"anaerobic (no O2)cytoplasm
• Occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria• Proteins embedded in the membrane help to move hydrogen ions
• NADH and FADH2 (energyrich electron donors) provide the electrons required• Bring electrons and H+ ions from the Kreb’s cycle in the matrix to the electron transport chain in the cristae• Electrons and H+ ions are removed from NADH and FADH2
The Electron Transport Chain
4
cristae
Cellular Respiration April 25, 2012
• The electron transport chain involves a series of proteins, which are embedded in the inner membrane (cristae) of the mitochondria that help to pump protons across the membrane• These 4 large proteins are referred to as Complexes I – IV p.75
Cellular Respiration April 25, 2012
• Electrons move through the chain in a series of oxidation and reduction reactions • The small amounts of energy released power the proton pumps• The complexes pump H+ ions from the matrix into the intermembrane space• This causes the concentration of H+ ions to build up in the intermembrane space, creating a concentration gradient between the intermembrane space and the matrix
• Oxygen is the final acceptor for electrons, and combines with hydrogen to become water
• H+ ions are allowed to move down the concentration gradient, through another complex called ATP Synthase, back into the matrix• ATP is produced from ADP by the process of phosphorylation