Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration A quick review on Cellular Energetics By Noel Ways ADP ATP NADH NAD+ NADH NAD+ e - H 2 O O 2 Glucose Pyruvate ATP
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Glycolysis andCellular Respiration
A quick review on Cellular Energetics
By Noel Ways
ADP
ATP NADH
NAD+
NADH
NAD+
e-
H2OO2
Glucose
Pyruvate
ATP
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
etc.
e-e-
e-e-
e-e-
e-
e-H
+
CO
2 + H
2OSu
gar
H2O
O
2
e-H
+
CO
2 + H
2O
O2
H2O
Hig
h En
ergy
Low
Ene
rgy
AD
P +
P
ATP
AB B
A
e e
e e
A is
Oxi
dize
d
Red
uced
A
Red
uced
BO
xidi
zed
A
Oxi
dize
d B
B is
Red
uced
From
Tex
t, Fi
g 5.
6
2e- H
+2e
- H+
NA
DH
NA
D+
Figu
re 1
Figu
re 2
Figu
re 3
Figu
re 4
Page
2
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Acetyl CoA
Citric Acid
CoA
CoA
NAD+CO2
NADHPyruvate
NAD+NADH
NADH
ADPATP
CO2CO2
NAD+
FAD
NADHFADH2
NADH
NAD+
2
+++ +
Cytoplasm
Matrix of Mitochondria
Electro-chemicalGradient in Intermembrane Space
pH 3 differencefrom Matix.(H+ 1000x)
NAD+ FAD
FADH2 H20O2
ADP + P
ATP
NADH NAD+ NADH NAD+NADH NAD+ NADH
NADH
NAD+
NAD+
e- e-
e-
+ ++++
++
++++ +
++++++++++
++ +
++ ++ ++++
+ + + +++ +
+ ++ +
e-ATP
Synthase
N.R.
N.R.
F.R.
F.R.
Substrate LevelPhosphorylation
SLP
O/R
O/R
O/R
O/R
O/R
S/M
S/M
S/M
M
ATP Score Sheet
Be able to fill in from a properly drawn illustration.
ADP
ATP
ADP
ADP
ATP
ADP
ATP
ADP
ATP
ADP
NADH
NAD+
Glucose
Pyruvate
2
SLP
SLP
O/R
P
P P
PP
P
P
P
P
Phos
Phos
GLYCOLYSIS
TRANSITION STAGE
ELECTRON TRANSPORTCHAIN
KREB’S CYCLE
Gly
coly
sis a
nd C
ellu
lar R
espi
ratio
n fu
nctio
n to
con
-ve
rt gl
ucos
e (u
sele
ss fo
r cel
lula
r wor
k) in
to A
TP, t
he
only
use
ful e
nerg
y fo
rm fo
r liv
ing
thin
gs.
Bro
adly
, th
is e
nerg
y tra
nsfo
rmat
ion
proc
ess c
an b
e br
oken
dow
n in
to fo
ur e
ssen
tial s
teps
.
Gly
coly
sis i
s the
firs
t ste
p. T
his s
tep
occu
rs in
the
cyto
plas
m.
Her
e th
ere
is
a ne
t gai
n of
two
ATP.
Als
o, N
AD
+ is
re
duce
d to
NA
DH
, whi
ch is
to sa
y it
now
is “
hold
ing”
two
“hig
h en
ergy
el
ectro
ns”.
The
se e
lect
rons
will
be
used
to g
ener
ate
mor
e ATP
with
the
“ele
ctro
n tra
nspo
rt ch
ain”
.
Dur
ing
Gly
coly
sis,
the
gluc
ose
will
ha
ve b
een
brok
en d
own
into
two
mol
-ec
ules
of p
yruv
ate.
Gly
coly
sis
Page
4
Onc
e py
ruva
te is
fo
rmed
, it e
nter
s int
o th
e M
ITO
CH
ON
DR
IA,
whe
re it
is “
trans
ition
ed”
into
a c
yclic
al se
t of r
eact
ions
ca
ll th
e K
reb’
s Cyc
les.
Alth
ough
ther
e is
no
ATP
prod
uctio
n du
ring
the
trans
i-tio
n st
age,
NA
D+
is re
duce
d an
d w
ill a
gain
be
used
to c
arry
“h
igh
ener
gy e
lect
rons
” to
the
“ele
ctro
n tra
nspo
rt ch
ain,
w
here
sign
ifica
tion
ATP
pro-
duct
ion
occu
rs.
Page
5
Rec
all t
hat d
urin
g th
is st
age,
a C
O2
is lo
st a
nd
this
resu
lts in
an
acet
yl g
roup
, whi
ch is
atta
ched
to
a C
oenz
yme A
(ace
tyl C
oA).
The
ace
tyl
grou
p is
now
inco
rpor
ated
into
the
Kre
bs’
Cyc
le.
Tran
sitio
n St
age
The
Kre
b’s C
ycle
is
a cy
clic
al se
t of r
eac-
tions
, tha
t in
a se
quen
tial
man
ner,
mod
ifies
and
bre
aks
dow
n th
e or
gani
c co
mpo
unds
“f
ed”
into
it.
In th
is p
roce
ss,
subs
tant
ial “
high
ene
rgy
elec
trons
” ar
e “h
arve
sted
” by
w
ay o
f NA
D+
bein
g re
duce
d to
NA
DH
. Th
ese
elec
trons
w
ill a
gain
be
fed
into
the
“Ele
ctro
n Tr
ansp
ort C
hain
” an
d fo
r ATP
gen
erat
ion
pur-
pose
s.Pa
ge 6
Rec
all t
hat d
urin
g th
is p
ro-
cess
, CO
2 is
libe
rate
d (a
nd
will
subs
eque
ntly
be
exha
led)
, and
that
two
ATP
are
gene
rate
d. I
n ad
ditio
n,
FAD
is re
duce
d to
FA
DH
2,
and
will
like
wis
e de
liver
el
ectro
ns to
the
elec
tron
trans
port
chai
n.
Kre
b’s C
ycle
The
elec
tron
trans
-po
rt ch
ain
cons
ists
of
a se
ries o
f mol
ecul
es th
at
rece
ives
the
“hig
h en
ergy
el
ectro
ns”.
The
se e
lect
rons
w
ill b
e al
low
ed to
go
to
low
er e
nerg
y st
ates
, and
the
ener
gy re
leas
ed w
ill b
e us
ed
to g
ener
ate
muc
h AT
P. A
t th
e en
d of
the
line,
the
now
“l
ow e
nerg
y el
ectro
ns”
will
be
rece
ived
by
O2
as w
aste
, an
d th
e ox
ygen
will
be
redu
ced
to w
ater
. O
xyge
n is
th
e fin
al e
lect
ron
acce
ptor
an
d is
the
only
reas
on w
e ne
ed o
xyge
n.Pa
ge 7
Rec
all t
hat d
urin
g th
is p
roce
ss, t
he e
nerg
y re
leas
ed b
y th
e el
ec-
trons
goi
ng to
low
er e
nerg
y st
ates
will
be
used
to p
ump
H+
into
th
e in
term
embr
ane
spac
e. T
his w
ill g
ener
ate
an “
elec
troch
emi-
cal g
radi
ent”
whi
ch w
ill d
rive A
TP p
rodu
ctio
n. A
s the
hyd
ro-
gens
retu
rn to
the
mito
chon
dria
l mat
rix th
roug
h AT
P sy
ntha
se,
ATP
will
be
prod
uced
.
Elec
tron
Tra
nspo
rt C
hain
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