Cellular Respiration Essential Questions: How is the energy in our food released? How does aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration compare and contrast? What are the 2 types of anaerobic respiration? How are the processes of photosynthesis and cell respiration different?
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Cellular Respiration
Essential Questions: How is the energy in our food released?
How does aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration compare and contrast?
What are the 2 types of anaerobic respiration? How are the processes of photosynthesis and cell respiration different?
Cellular Respiration
• Cellular Respiration = Process by which mitochondria break down food molecules to produce ATP
• Does not use Oxygen is called Anaerobic
• Does use Oxygen is called Aerobic
• There are 3 stages of Cellular Respiration:
1) Glycolysis (Anaerobic) 2) Citric Acid Cycle (Aerobic) 3) Electron Transport Chain (Aerobic)
Glycolysis - Anaerobic• Glycolysis = series of chemical
reactions in the cytoplasm of a cell that break down glucose (a 6 Carbon compound) into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (a 3 Carbon compound)
• NAD+ accepts a pair of high energy electrons to pass that energy to other pathways in the cell.
• 2 Molecules of ATP are used to start Glycolysis and only 4 ATPs are produced
• Net only 2 ATP • Then pyruvic acid proceeds to the
Mitochondria to begin the Citric Acid Cycle and the Electron Transport Chain (in the presence of Oxygen)
Anaerobic Processes • Sometimes your cells are without
Oxygen for short periods of time (during strenuous exercise, etc)
• In order to make ATP, the process of Fermentation occurs after Glycolysis until Oxygen becomes available again.
• During fermentation, cells convert NADH to NAD+ by passing high energy electrons back to pyruvic acid. This action converts NADH back into the electron carrier NAD+ allowing glycolysis to continue producing a steady supply of ATP.
• Some organisms simply live in areas without Oxygen and must produce their ATP this way.
Electron Transport Chain 1:2• Very Similar to the ETC of the
thylakoid in plants! • NADH and FADH2 pas energized
electrons from protein to protein releasing small amounts of energy.
• A Concentration gradient forms in the mitochondria – Hydrogen ions inside – Lack of Hydrogen ions
outside • An Electrical gradient forms in
the mitochondria (H+ ions pumped inside) – Positive in the center – Negative on the outside
Electron Transport Chain 2:2
• The final electron acceptor is Oxygen • Yields Carbon Dioxide (CO2), 2 Water, and 36 ATP • Most efficient process since anaerobic respiration only yields 2 ATP. • http://www2.nl.edu/jste/electron_transport_system.htm