Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration
Description/definition of cellular respiration
When an organism breaks down glucose and transfers glucose or chemical energy into ATP or cellular energy/usable energy.
Both plants AND animals use cellular respiration to transfer energy.
Cellular Aerobic Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
Mitochondrial Structure
Matrix
Inner Membrane
Intermembrane Space
Cristae
Outer Membrane
Mitochondria
• Double membrane & Cristae– Increases surface area for cellular respiration to
occur– Location of the Electron Transport Chain
• Matrix– Location of the Krebs cycle
Recall Electron Carrier Molecules
• NADH• FADH2
Process of Cellular RespirationGlycolysis
Without O2 With O2
Alcoholic Fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport
Chain
The First Process of Cellular RespirationGlycolysis
• Occurs in the Cytoplasm• Does not require oxygen• Breakdown of glucose or glycogen• “Splitting of sugar”
Glycolysis
• Series of 10 reactions
• Glucose is split into two smaller molecules called PYRUVATE or pyruvic acid
• 2 ATP are used but 4 ATP are produced
• Net gain of ATP? 2 ATP molecules
• Glycolysis Process
C6H12O6 + 2ATP + 2NAD+ 2 Pyruvate + 4ATP + 2NADH + H+
Glycolysis AnimationClick on the link above to view the animation
Process of Cellular RespirationGlycolysis
Without O2
Without Oxygen
Anaerobic Respiration
Anaerobic Fermentation
• Occurs in the cytoplasm• Does not produce ANY ATP• Regenerates NAD+ for reuse in glycolysis• Two types
– Alcoholic Fermentation– Lactic Acid Fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation
• Plants Cells• Used to produce alcoholic beverages and to make bread• Pyruvic acid (pyruvate) is converted into ethyl alcohol,
carbon dioxide, NAD+.
• Alcoholic Fermentation Equation Pyruvic acid + NADH ethyl alcohol + CO2 + NAD+
Lactic Acid Fermentation
• Animal Cells• Used to produce yogurt and cheese• Cause soreness in muscle cells• Pyruvic acid (pyruvate) is converted into lactic
acid, & NAD+
• Lactic Acid Fermentation Equation Pyruvic acid + NADH Lactic acid + NAD+
What’s the point of fermentation?
Glycolysis – 2 ATPFermentation – 0 ATPTotal – 2 ATP
• Regenerate the electron carrier, NAD+
• NAD+ can allow for cellular respiration to continue