CELLULAR RESPIRATION GAME You will need: ● copies of the pattern pages printed in color, a few on card stock if possible ● scissors and tape ● two dice for every group of 2-4 players ● some small colored tokens to represent electrons and protons -- M&M minis are perfect. (If you can’t get these, substitute with small objects about 1/2 centimeter (1/4 inch) in several colors or shapes.) ● a unique token for each player to move about on the board (small enough to fit into the spaces on Glycolysis) (Flat-boom jellied candies like “spice drops” and “DOTS” work well, if you want to use edible tokens.) ASSEMBLY: 1) Copy the board pages (on card stock, if possible) and then tape them together like this: 2) Copy the page with the Karousel (octagon with red arrows) onto card stock, and cut out Karousel shape (octagon). Then use an X-Acto knife (or scissors if necessary) to cut out the rectangles that say CUT OUT. Use a paper fastener to secure the Karousel onto the middle page, carefully matching the center dots. (See final set-up picture below.) 3) Cut out the PROTON box (bottom of Karousel page) and assemble it as shown in the picture. Secure tabs with glue or tape. Lightly tape the PROTON box to the rectangle that says, “Proton box goes here.” (See final set-up picture.) 4) Copy the card pages onto card stock then cut apart the cards. Note that ideally the cards will be double-sided. If you can’t manage to do double-sided copies, you can simply print the question sides and then mark the cards so that you know which are for Glycolysis vs. Krebs. (Different colors?) However, most printers can manage to print the back side if you feed in printed pages. 5) Copy the score cards onto regular paper and cut them apart. Each player needs a score card and a pencil. 6) Copy the truck token page onto card stock and cut apart the cards. You can cut strips first, then put several strips on top of each other, and thus cut off several trucks at once. This speeds up the cutting process. NOTE that there are NADH trucks and FADH2 trucks. ******************************* These boards are scien- tifically accurate and can be used to teach this topic before you play. is splitting glucose in half (pyruvate oxidation) This step turns pyruvates into acetyl-CoA’s. The next process, the Krebs Cycle, burns acetyl-CoA’s. THE GOAL IS TO FILL TRUCKS! (also known as the “Citric Acid Cycle” They will provide the fuel for the last step. or the “Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle”) REMEMBER, THIS CYCLE IS INVISIBLE WHEN YOU LOOK AT A REAL CELL! RIDE ON A RED ARROW THIS PROCESS IS NOT REALLY A CIRCLE. THINGS ARE HAPPENING ALL OVER ALL THE TMIE! ROLL TO MOVE ALONG THE SIDEWALK. EACH TIME YOU STOP YOU ANSWER ANOTHER KREBS KWESTION .. OXYGEN is the final electron acceptor (and makes H O) ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN INTERMEMBRANE SPACE END OF THE LINE If you’ve only done one pyru- vate, go back to the pyruvate portal. If you’ve done two, your token is now finished. 3 protons make 1 ATP
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Transcript
CELLULAR RESPIRATION GAMEYou will need: ● copies of the pattern pages printed in color, a few on card stock if possible ● scissors and tape ● two dice for every group of 2-4 players ● some small colored tokens to represent electrons and protons -- M&M minis are perfect. (If you can’t get these, substitute with small objects about 1/2 centimeter (1/4 inch) in several colors or shapes.) ● a unique token for each player to move about on the board (small enough to fit into the spaces on Glycolysis) (Flat-bottom jellied candies like “spice drops” and “DOTS” work well, if you want to use edible tokens.)
ASSEMBLY:
1) Copy the board pages (on card stock, if possible) and then tape them together like this:
2) Copy the page with the Karousel (octagon with red arrows) onto card stock, and cut out Karousel shape (octagon). Then use an X-Acto knife (or scissors if necessary) to cut out the rectangles that say CUT OUT. Use a paper fastener to securetheKarouselontothemiddlepage,carefullymatchingthecenterdots.(Seefinalset-uppicturebelow.)
3) Cut out the PROTON box (bottom of Karousel page) and assemble it as shown in the picture. Secure tabs with glue ortape.LightlytapethePROTONboxtotherectanglethatsays,“Protonboxgoeshere.”(Seefinalset-uppicture.)
4) Copy the card pages onto card stock then cut apart the cards. Note that ideally the cards will be double-sided. If you can’t manage to do double-sided copies, you can simply print the question sides and then mark the cards so that you know which are for Glycolysis vs. Krebs. (Different colors?) However, most printers can manage to print the back side if you feed in printed pages.
5) Copy the score cards onto regular paper and cut them apart. Each player needs a score card and a pencil.
6) Copy the truck token page onto card stock and cut apart the cards. You cancutstripsfirst,thenput several strips on top of each other, and thus cut off several trucks at once. This speeds up the cutting process. NOTE that there are NADH trucks and FADH2 trucks.
*******************************These boards are scien-tificallyaccurateandcanbe used to teach this topic before you play.
is splitting glucose in half
(pyruvate oxidation)
This step turns pyruvates into acetyl-CoA’s. The next process, the Krebs Cycle, burns acetyl-CoA’s.
THE GOAL IS TO FILL TRUCKS!(also known as the “Citric Acid Cycle” They will provide the fuel for the last step.or the “Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle”)
REMEMBER,THIS CYCLE ISINVISIBLE WHEN YOULOOK ATA REALCELL!
RID
E O
N A
RE
D A
RR
OW
THIS PROCESSIS NOT REALLY
A CIRCLE.THINGS ARE
HAPPENINGALL OVER
ALL THETMIE!
ROLLTO MOVE
ALONG THESIDEWALK.
EACH TIME YOUSTOP YOU ANSWER
ANOTHER KREBS KWESTION
..
OXYGEN
is the final electron acceptor(and m
akes H2 O
)
ELECTRON TRANS
PORT CHAIN IN
TER
ME
MB
RA
NE
SPA
CE
END
OF TH
E LINE
If you’ve only done one pyru-vate, go back to the pyruvate portal. If you’ve done tw
o, your token is now
finished.
3 protons make 1 ATP
SET UP:
1) Give each player an ATP score card and a pencil. 2)Makesureeachplayerhasauniquetokentomovearoundontheboard(smallenoughtofitintothespaces).3) Make sure each group of 2-4 players has: ●adie(numbercube) ●asetofGlycolysisQuestions ●asetofKrebsKwestions ●asupplyoftrucktokens(aboutadozenNADHperplayer,and2FADH2perplayer) ●asupplyofM&Mminis(orwhateveryouaresubstituting)withatleastseveraldozenofeachcolor (Greens and blues will represent protons, and warm colors (red, yellow, orange, brown) will be electrons.
NOTE: This game is designed for 2-3 players. 4 can be accommodated, but if you divide those 4 into pairs of 2, the game will take less time to play and there will be less waiting between turns. (And less crowded on the ETC section of the board.) However, if you need to have 4 on a board, you can probably make it work.
SECOND NOTE: If you don’t have a very long session in which to play the game, consider doing the game in two ses-sions, or even three. Three shorter sessions would be Glycolysis, Krebs, ETC. For two sessions, combine Glycolysis withtheKrebssection.Youcanjustmakeanoteattheendofthefirstsessionwhereeachplayerwasandwhoseturnit was, then pick up where you left off when you play again.
**********DIRECTIONS FOR GLYCOLYSIS PAGE:
1) Players will step on each space, both the circles and the arrows. If there are only two players, they can start out sharingthefirstpace,butifyouhavemoreplayersorifthetokensarelarge,startoutontheedgeoftheboard,notonthefirstspace.
2) Players must earn their “hops” by answering questions about glycolysis. A player draws a question card and hands it another player who will read it out loud. As indicated on the card, if the player can answer the question without any clues being given, they can move 4 spaces. (No penalty for wrong guess. If the player gets it wrong, the clues can then be read, reducing the value of the card, but allowing the player to then guess the right answer.) If the player guesses correctly after the possible answers are given, he can move 3 spaces. If he misses, he can guess again, but the card will only be worth 2 spaces. If he misses again, he can guess again but then only move 1 space. (By the third guess, there will only be one clue left, so he is guaranteed to get it right.) NOTE: Many of the answers to these questions can be found by looking at the game board itself! Take a close look at themoleculesandwordlabels--theyarescientificallyaccurateandcanbeusedforinformation!
3) Notice that at step 4, you can go two directions. This is because two different molecules are formed (due to the non-symmetric nature of the glucose molecule). If actually land on arrow 4, then proceed to the right on your next turn. If you don’t land on arrow 4 (just pass by it) follow the “down” direction.
4) When you pass by, or land on, a space that has an ATP symbol, use the pencil to put an X over one of the ATPs onthescorecard.ThefirsttwoATPsaregraybecauseyouneedtocrossthemoff,butyoudon’tgettocounttheminyourfinaltally.ThishappensbecauseyouneedtooffsetthetwoATPsthatyouusedinitially,togettheprocessstart-ed.Noticethatthereisadashedlineacrossthemiddleofthepage,separatingthefirsthalfoftheprocess(theenergyconsuming [investment] phase) from the second half (the energy producing [harvesting] stage). When you pass by, or land on, a truck (NADH) pick up a truck token.
5) Keep using the glycolysis question cards until you reach the stop sign. The pyruvate portal and the purple arrow countasspacestolandon.(Noticethatyou’llbecomingbacktothepurplearrowagainafteryoufinishoneroundofthe ETC.) There aren’t any token to represent the pyruvates because they wouldn’t be actually used in the game.
6) At the stop sign, roll until you get an even number. If you roll an even number, then you roll again to proceed on that turn. If you roll odd, you have to wait until next turn to try again. (This simulates the necessity of oxygen to proceed.)
GLYCOLYSIS page, continued:
7) After you roll an even number, your next move is to hop on the numbers 1 to 4, picking up a truck token when you hop on number 2. Conclude this move by landing on the red arrow (on the Krebs Karousel) that is waiting for you right where it says, “Ride on a red arrow.” Once you land on this arrow, your turn is over.
DIRECTIONS FOR THE KREBS KAROUSEL PAGE:
(NOTE: Yes, we know “carousel” begins with a “c.” This game uses “k” as a gimmick to match the “k” in “Krebs.”)
1) Only one token is allowed on each red arrow.
2)OnceyoulandontheKarousel,yournextmovesaresimplytoadvancetheKarouselpastoneenzyme.Theredarrowsalwaysstopbetweentheenzymes,pointingtothetrucks.Theyneverstopontheenzymes.Theenzymesdotheirjobsasthearrowsswingpast,sotospeak.YouwillseethewordsENZYMEACTIONinthewindowastheenzymedoes its job. When your token/arrow stops on a picture of a truck, you pick up the corresponding truck token. You will also cross off an ATP at one point.
3) Once on the Karousel, you ride around, even if someone else is pushing it. The players whose turn it is will push the Karousel, but everyone will get a free ride on that turn. No matter who pushed the Karousel, all players will collect what-ever their arrow points to when the Karousel stops.
4) Once your token reaches the truck that is next to the words EXIT HERE, you jump off the Karousel and stand on the EXIT HERE space, and wait there until your next turn.
5) On your next turn, you begin the Krebs Kwestions. The goal of going along the sidewalk is to earn coupons that will give you double rolls on the last part of the game. (The question cards also function as coupons.) If you happen to roll a lot of low numbers, you will get extra chances to earn more coupons. (One of the few times when low rolls are desir-able!)
NOTE: There aren’t any hints for these questions. However, there is a lot of helpful information right on the Karousel! Look at the pictures in the Karousel windows, and read the labels, and you will be able to answer many of the questions.
**************DIRECTIONS FOR THE Electron Transport Chain (ETC) PAGE:
NOTE: To get all 36 of your ATPs, you will have to go through the Krebs Karousel and the ETC not once, but twice. If you are limited on time, you might want to reduce the number of ATPs from 36 to 18. The number 36 was chosen because that is the correct maximum number you can get from one glucose molecule (which breaks into two pyruvates, each of which must go through the Krebs Cycle then the ETC.)
SECOND NOTE: Particularly in this third section, it is important to remind ourselves that the real goal of this game is to learn the science of cellular respiration. If you have minor frustrations such as someone blocking spaces too much, or you have a request for a minor rule change, don’t let these minor issues steal the show. As teachers often say, “Everyone wins if we all learn something!” The point is to learn the science in a relatively painless way. As you move the candies along the board, you’ll be creating an experiential memory that will stay with you longer than just reading about it in a book.
BEFORE YOU START: Look at the ATP synthase machine at the end of the line (the egg beater thing) and you will see that it takes 3 protons to make 1 ATP. The protons will fall down through the synthase machine, (going “down the concentration gra-dient”), causing the bottom part to turn and twist a P back onto an ADP. The role of the electrons is to cause protons to move from inside the matrix (i.e. from the box) to outside the matrix (up where the title is). The three blobby things are the proton pumps that pump the protons upward. Also look carefully at the red and blue lines. The red lines show the movement of electrons and the blue lines show movement of protons. Every time an electron candy goes over a blue line, a proton can move up.
NOTE: The demonstration video is very helpful for this part of the instructions.Go to: www.ellenjmchenry.com/CellRespGameDemo.mp4 (or use the link provided on the Lesson 20 page if you are using this game as part of the A&P ecourse).
1) Each player will choose a color for their electrons. Assuming you are using M&M minis, the electrons will be the warm colors: red, orange, yellow and brown. If you only have two players, two colors won’t be used (and can be eaten as you go!) The blues and greens should already be in the proton box.
2) At the beginning of each turn, the player will have to decide to move either electrons OR protons. (If you don’t have any protons, you have to move electrons.) If the player decides to move electrons, he must pick up one of his truck cards and place it on the appropriate rectangle (NADH or FADH2). Then, two electrons are placed on the circles that are labeled with a number 1.
3) Now a die (number cube) is rolled to determine how many spaces those electrons may move. Let’s say a 6 is rolled. The player may move each electron candy 3 spaces, or one candy all 6 spaces, or one candy 2 and the other 4, or any combination that adds up to 6. As an electron candy crosses a blue line, a proton candy may be removed from the pro-ton box. (To avoid confusion, it might work best if each player keeps their protons in a separate pile.) Remembering to move protons every time you cross a red line can be a real challenge! Notice that the two candies can both be moved from a 1 to a 2 circle, and then they can both go to a 3. However, after that, the shuttle bus can only hold 1 electron at a time. So one electron will go on, and one has to wait. Imagine that the purple oval is a one-seater car. Only one person can ride at a time. Once the electron moves from 4 to 5, so that the 4 is open again, then another electron can land on the 4. The end of the line is number 6, where the “tired” electrons join a water molecule. When both oxygens havegained2electrons,(fillingall4ofthenumber6circles)theelectronscanthenberemovedfromtheboardandberecycled.
3) When the electrons have been moved from the number 1 circles, the NADH truck is then empty and is removed from the board. It can be recycled if you are going to head back to the Krebs Cycle again. As long as there is an electron sitting on a number 1 circle, the NADH truck stays in place. This can mess up the next player’s move(s) and therefore mightpossiblybeusedasstrategybythefirstplayer.
4) FADH2 trucks can be placed on the board even if an NADH truck is still there. FADH2 trucks come and go inde-pendently of NADH. Same as NADH, you place two electrons onto the number 1 circles above the truck. Then you roll the die to see how far they will be able to go. Once the electrons have moved on, you can remove the truck.
5) Only one electron is allowed to sit on a numbered circle, and you can’t jump over the numbers to move ahead. However, you may “push ahead” other players’ electrons to make way for your own. In other words, if you want to move ontoa3andtheyarefilled,youcanmoveoneoftheelectronsontoa4,thentakethe3spotyourself.Theotherplay-er, whose electron you just pushed ahead, needs to be alert to see whether their electron went over a blue line, and if it did, they make take a proton.
6) If you have at least three protons, you can choose to move protons instead of electrons on your turn. Roll the die to findoutthemaximumnumberofATPsyoucanmakeonthatturn.Youcanmakeless,butnotmore.Tomoveprotons,you simply place 3 protons on the 3 circles that are on the ATP synthase machine. This simulates the protons going down through the machine. After placing the 3 protons in the circles, you may cross out one of the ATPs on your score card. The protons may then be put back into the box. If you happen to have saved up 18 protons and you roll a 6, it is possible to make 6 ATPs on one turn!
7) DOUBLE ROLLS: This is where those Krebs coupons come in handy. If you need to double your roll, you may use one of your coupons to do so. After the card is used, return it to the bottom of the pile.
8) General review of how you can move electrons: ●Alwaysgoinorderonthenumberedcircles.andnomorethanoneelectronpercircle. ●Youcan’tjumpoverorskipanynumbers,butyoumaypushaheadotherplayers’electronstomakeway for your own. The other players may collect any protons that are created by their electrons in the process. ●Youcanmoveanyofyourelectronsaspartofyourmove,notjustoneofthem. ●Keepclearingtheelectronsoffthewatermoleculesattheend,everytimeall4ofthenumber6’sarefilled. ●Ifanyoddsituationsarisethatarenotcoveredhere,decideonarulethatsuitsalloftheplayers.Aslong as everyone is playing by the same rules, it’s fair.
The tokens ride around on the Karousel, sitting ontheredarrows.Putyourfingerslightlyintoa window to turn the Karousel. It should push along easily.
This game is the intellectual property of Ellen J. McHenry. Purchasers are welcome to copy and use it with their own classes. Reproduction outside of “fair use” is prohibited. (It may not be packaged or copied for resale, or used in any other publication without the permission of the author.)
www.ellenjmchenry.com
9)AfteryouuseupallofyourNADHandFADH2trucks,youmustgobackandfillthemagain.AssumingthiswasyourfirsttimethroughtheETC,younowgobacktothepurplearrowandpickupyourotherpyruvate.(Ohyeah,rememberthat other pyruvate you left behind?!) You must do the Krebs Karousel again to harvest all the energy from the second pyruvate. Just think, though, that all this your mitochondria millions of times per second!
WINNING: Thefirstplayertocrossout36ATPswinsthegame.Ifyouareplayingtheshortenedversion,then18ATPswins the game. BUT... “we all win because we had a great learning experience!”
FOLLOW-UPQUESTIONSYOUMIGHTWANTTOASKTHESTUDENTS:
1) What is the end result of glycolysis? (2 pyruvate molecules snd 2 ATPs)2) What is the main goal of the Krebs Cycle? (filling NADH and FADH2 trucks)3) What provides energy for the ATP synthase machine to work? (moving protons)4) How many proton pumps are in the ETC? (3)5) How many steps are there in the Krebs Cycle? (8)6) How many steps are there in glycolysis? (10)7) What happens to the protons after they have gone down through ATP synthase? (They can be pumped up again.)8) Does the Krebs Cycle proceed if there is no oxygen available for the ETC? (no)9) Mitochondrial Diseases are genetic disorders where at least one part of this system does not work right. Can you name some things that might go wrong? (Just about any answer is acceptable. There are lots of things that could go wrong. Proton pumps might not work (or at least be ineffective), parts of the ATP synthase machine might be the wrong shape, enzymes might be missing, proton pumps might be too far apart, there might not be enough shuttles, NADH might not work right, etc.)10) What is the maximum number of ATPs that can be harvested from one glucose molecule? (36)
The protons are everywhere inside the matrix, but to control chaos on our board, we’ve put them into a box.
PRINT COPIES ON REGULAR PAPER. EACH PLAYER WILL NEED ONE ATP SCORE CARD. (This page gives you four.)
This step turns pyruvates into acetyl-CoA’s. The next process, the Krebs Cycle, burns acetyl-CoA’s.
RES CYCLE THE GOAL IS TO FILL TRUCKS!(also known as the “Citric Acid Cycle” They will provide the fuel for the last step.or the “Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle”)
REMEMBER,THIS CYCLE ISINVISIBLE WHEN YOULOOK ATA REALCELL!
RID
E O
N A
RE
D A
RR
OW
THIS PROCESSIS NOT REALLY
A CIRCLE.THINGS ARE
HAPPENINGALL OVER
ALL THETMIE!
ROLLTO MOVE
ALONG THESIDEWALK.
EACH TIME YOUSTOP YOU ANSWER
ANOTHER KREBS KWESTION
..
THE KREB
S KAROUSEL
RIDE HERE
CUT OUT
RIDE HERE
CUT OUT
RID
E
HE
RE
CU
T O
UT
RID
E
HE
RE
CU
T
OU
T
RIDE
HERE
CUT
OUT
RIDE HERE
CUT OUT
RIDE
HERE
CUT
OUT
RIDE
HERE
CUT
OUT
protons (H+)floatingaroundinmatrix
COPY ONTO CARD STOCK
KR
EB
S K
WE
ST
ION
and
“DOUBLE R
OLL”
COUPON
Get this question right and keep this card as a coupon for doubling a roll during the E
TC.
KR
EB
S K
WE
ST
ION
and
“DOUBLE R
OLL”
COUPON
Get this question right and keep this card as a coupon for doubling a roll during the E
TC.
KR
EB
S K
WE
ST
ION
and
“DOUBLE R
OLL”
COUPON
Get this question right and keep this card as a coupon for doubling a roll during the E
TC.
KR
EB
S K
WE
ST
ION
and
“DOUBLE R
OLL”
COUPON
Get this question right and keep this card as a coupon for doubling a roll during the E
TC.
KR
EB
S K
WE
ST
ION
and
“DOUBLE R
OLL”
COUPON
Get this question right and keep this card as a coupon for doubling a roll during the E
TC.
KR
EB
S K
WE
ST
ION
and
“DOUBLE R
OLL”
COUPON
Get this question right and keep this card as a coupon for doubling a roll during the E
TC.
KR
EB
S K
WE
ST
ION
and
“DOUBLE R
OLL”
COUPON
Get this question right and keep this card as a coupon for doubling a roll during the E
TC.
KR
EB
S K
WE
ST
ION
and
“DOUBLE R
OLL”
COUPON
Get this question right and keep this card as a coupon for doubling a roll during the E
TC.
KR
EB
S K
WE
ST
ION
and
“DOUBLE R
OLL”
COUPON
Get this question right and keep this card as a coupon for doubling a roll during the E
TC.
KREBS KWESTIONS -- OPTIONAL TOP SIDE PATTERN (for printing double-sided copies)