Cellular respiration The process of recharging ATP Textbook pp 95-100 1
Feb 23, 2016
Cellular respirationThe process of recharging ATP
Textbook pp 95-100
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You think… Is ‘Respiration’ the same as ‘Breathing’??
No. Respiration is….
The release of energy from food
ATP
ATP is an energy carrier within the cellATP can’t be stored nor can it be
exported, so it must be used as it is produced
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The Regeneration of ATPCellular respiration is the process that recharges ATP
Go to TB p 95
A living organism uses ATP continuously, but ATP is a renewable resource that can be regenerated by the addition of phosphate to ADP. The energy for this comes from the breakdown of food molecules.
Other CarriersGo to p 96
The need for energyThink of 5 reasons a human body,
including all its cells, needs energy
creation (such as protein and polysaccharide manufacture)
active transport (ion pumps, cytosis)movement (microtubules, actin
and myosin filaments, cilia)generate heat to maintain body temperature
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Cellular respirationLook up the equation for cellular respiration.
Complete Worksheet
Cellular respirationThe complete oxidation of glucose involves
over 20 different reactions, each catalysed by a different enzyme.
Respiration does not break down glucose in a single step.
Instead, glucose is broken down gradually releasing about 35% of the available energy to produce ATP. The rest is lost as heat energy
Overview of respiration3 major processes
1.Glycolysis
2.The Krebs Cycle
3.Electron Transport
Use your Text Books to match the steps to their major functions and correct order
Step
1.
2.
3
Electron Transport
Glycolysis
The Krebs Cycle
The breakdown of Glucose to PyruvateOccurs on the cytoplasm
NAD carriers get filled with Hydrogen to form NADHOccurs in the inner matrix of the mitochondria
The stage where most ATP are charged upElectrons are passed over cytochromes in the on the membranes of the mitochondria
CELLULAR RESPIRATION 2Learning Intentions: Understand GLYCOLYSIS Understand Formation of Acetyl CoA
Glycolysis
Taking a 6 Carbon Glucose and breaking it into two 2 Carbon molecules.
Process 1: Glycolysis
Net yield is: 2ATP, 2NADH & 2 pyruvate
Link reaction between Glycolysis and The Krebs Cycle: occurs in the mitochondrial matrix
The pyruvic acid in Glycolysis loses a Carbon (through the creation of a CO2)
It is now a 2 Carbon compound called acetyl
Acetyl is carried by Coenzyme A – together they are Acetyl CoA
Acetyl CoA moves to the Krebs Cycle.
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CELLULAR RESPIRATION 3Learning Intentions: Identify Mitochondrial structureUnderstand Electron Transport
First - MitochondriaUse TB p 81 to label
this
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Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle): takes place in the mitochondrial matrix
Animation & another
Acetyl CoA
Electron transport chain: takes place in and across the cristae
The electron transport chain consists of a sequence of protein carriers in the membrane of the cristae
Electrons and protons are accepted by oxygen as follows:
O2 + 4H+ + 4e- 2H2O
The process illustrated is defined as oxidative phosphorylation (the manufacture of ATP in the presence of oxygen)
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Electron & H+ transport coupled with ATP synthesis
animation
ATP “balance sheet” for respiration of glucose
Process ATP used ATP produced
glycolysis 2 4
Krebs cycle 2
Electron transportNADH (x10)FADH2 (x2)
254 (possibly only 3)
Net ATP yield 33 (or 32)
22Cellular respiration song
CELLULAR RESPIRATION 4Learning Intentions: Distinguishing between aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Other substrates for respirationStarchGlycogenTriglycerides (fatty
acids are broken down into 2C molecules and enter the Krebs cycle as acetyl CoA; glycerol enters glycolysis as a triose phosphate)
Proteins (very rarely: amino acids are deaminated and converted into pyruvate, acetyl CoA or Krebs cycle intermediates)
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Aerobic respirationWhen oxygen is present, pyruvate follows a
certain pathway:
It enters the mitochondria and undergoes a link reaction
The product of the link reaction enters the Krebs cycle (or Citric acid cycle)
And finally, H atoms (H+ and e-), that have been removed during the steps above, enter the electron transport chain
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Anaerobic respirationOccurs in the cytoplasmDoes not require oxygen but does occur in its
presenceStill involves Glycolysis, but does not follow
through the Acetyl CoA Link reaction Generates a very small amount of ATPProduces poisonous bi-products
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Fate of pyruvate when there is no oxygen
Alcoholic fermentation in yeast cells
Lactic acid fermentation in muscle cells
Lactic acid is transported to the liver and oxidised to pyruvate & then to glucose. The oxygen needed for this is called the ‘oxygen debt’ of anaerobic respiration
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