Cellular Processes: Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration and Fermentation EQ: How do cells obtain nutrients to grow and make needed materials?

Cellular Processes: Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

EQ: How do cells obtain nutrients to grow and make needed materials?

Cell Energy Why do you get hungry?

Feeling hungry is your body’s way of telling you that your cells need energy.

Cell Energy

All cells need energy to live, grow, and reproduce.Plant cells get their energy from the sunMany animal cells get the energy they need from food

From sun to cell As you know, all energy

webs and pyramids start with the sun.

Plants capture the energy of the sun and change it into food through a process called photosynthesis

The food that plants make supplies them with energy.

This food also becomes a source of energy for the organisms that eat the plants

Photosynthesis Plants have molecules

that absorb light energy.

These molecules are called pigments. Pigments give color

The main pigment used in photosynthesis is called chlorophyll. This give plants their

green color Chlorophyll is found in

chloroplasts

Photosynthesis Plants use the energy

captured by the chloroplasts to change the carbon dioxide and water into food.

This food is in the form of a simple sugar: glucose

When plants make glucose, they convert the sun’s energy into a form of energy that can be stored and used.

Photosynthesis also produces oxygen!

Photosynthesis The chemical equation for photosynthesis looks

like this:

Light Energy 6CO2+6H2O C6H12O6+6O2

Chlorophyll

Which means when 6 molecules of carbon dioxide are added to 6 molecules of water and chlorophyll is produced as a result of light exposure, sugar (energy) and oxygen are the result!

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Animal cells have different ways of getting energy from food

The first way, cellular respiration, uses oxygen to break down food

The second way, fermentation, no oxygen is needed

http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/cellularrespiration.html

Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration is not

breathing!!!

The word “respiration” means “breathing”

But cellular respiration is different from breathing!

Breathing supplies the oxygen needed for cellular respiration

Breathing also removes carbon dioxide, which is the waste product of cellular respiration.

But cellular respiration is a chemical process that occurs in cells, not the mechanical process that occurs in your lungs

Cellular Respiration It is a chemical

process where food (glucose) and oxygen, are broken down into carbon dioxide and water and energy is released

It is used to make ATP (energy) by the mitochondria, and maintain an animal’s body temperature.

Cellular Respiration The chemical equation for cellular respiration

is:

C6H12O6 6CO2+ 6H2o+Energy

Which means that when sugar is consumed by animals, 6 molecules of carbon dioxide, 6 molecules of water and energy will be produced.

The OPPOSITE of photosynthesis!

A Symbiotic Relationship

Connection between Photosynthesis and Respiration…

Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration

Plants

Changes carbon dioxide to oxygen

Plants need the CO2 for photosynthesis

Animals

Changes oxygen to carbon dioxide

Animals need the O2 for respiration

Fermentation

Have you ever had a side stitch after running?

Fermentation When your muscles can’t

get the oxygen needed for cellular respiration, they use the process of fermentation for energy.

In fermentation, glucose molecules (sugars) are broken down, but oxygen is not used.

The waste products of fermentation are lactic acid, alcohol, and carbon dioxide.