CELLS. __________ organisms are made up of just one cell Examples are __________________________ This cell can live on its own in the absence of other.

CELLS

__________ organisms are made up of just one cell

Examples are __________________________

This cell can live on its own in the absence of other cells.

unicellular

bacteria, amoeba, yeast

__________ organisms are made up of many cells

Examples are ______________________________

The cells of these organisms cannot live on their own

multicellular

fly, oak tree, mushroom, algae

How to build a multicellular organism:

______________:

the basic unit of life of all living things

examples: ___________________________ Blood cell, muscle cell, nerve cell

cell

______________:

similar cells grouped together performing the same job

examples: ___________________________ Muscle tissue, cartilage, nervous tissue

tissue

______________: two or more tissues working together

examples: _____________________

organ

lungs, heart, leaf, flower

two or more organs working together to

perform a specific job

________________________:Organ system

examples: _________________________digestive, circulatory, nervous, roots

______________:

two or more organ systems working together to make something that can live on its own

examples:_____________________

organism

dog, human, daffodil, cockroach

What is a cell?

There are many different kinds of cells but all cells have some things in common

1) __________________ – they are all surrounded by a membrane that separates the inside of the cell from the external environment and regulates what goes in and out of the cell

Cell membrane

2) _________________ – all cells contain DNA;

DNA controls all of the activities of the cell,

including making new cells. The DNA in a cell is

organized into_______________.

DNA

chromosomes

3) _________________ – all cells contain organelles or specialized areas within the cell that carry out the activities of the cell

organelles

4) _________________ – the organelles and everything else in the cell are surrounded by a fluid called cytoplasm

cytoplasm

5) ______________ – almost all cells are too small to be seen with the naked eye

small size

There are two major types of cells:

__________________ -

these are the cells of _____________

___________________ -

the cells of all other living organisms

prokaryotic

bacteria

eukaryotic

The big difference between these two types of cells is that eukaryotic cells have a __________ while prokaryotic cells do not.

The nucleus, in eukaryotic cells, holds the cell’s _____________. That is why the nucleus is often called the brain of the cell.

In prokaryotic cells, the DNA is in the _________.

nucleus

DNA

cytoplasm

mitochondria

cellular respiration

The process of creating cell energy is known

as

_________________________.

____________: these are often called the powerhouses of the cell. They are organelles that take in nutrients, break them down, and create energy for the cell.

___________: the food producers of the cell; found only in plants and some protists.

__________________: the process that makes food from light energy.

chloroplasts

photosynthesis

__________________: storage containers found in cells.

They can store ________________________

Vacuoles are much bigger in plant cells than animal cells because they play an important role in the structure of the plant. When the plant loses a lot of water, the vacuoles shrink and the plant starts to droop.

vacuole

food, water, waste products

__________: protects the cell and maintains structure. Plants, bacteria, fungi and some protists have cell walls.

This is the most significant difference between plant and animal cells. While the cell wall provides structure to plants, it limits their mobility.

Cell wall

vs

How do you go from one cell to trillions of cells?

How do little elephants grow up to be BIG elephants?

All multicellular organisms start from a single cell. The growth of multicellular organisms occurs with cell division. Every time a cell divides, two new cells are formed.

Cell division

What happens to the DNA when the cell divides?

__________ is the process of separating chromosomes so that each cell receives a copy of each chromosome

Mitosis

• The nuclear membrane reforms and ____ new cells are formed

replicates

nuclear membrane

middle

opposite ends

two

• Before mitosis begins, the DNA ___________ or makes a copy of itself

• The _____________________ breaks down

•The chromosomes line up in the ________ of the cell

• The chromosomes are pulled to ___________ of the cell

Mitosis

Mitosis Animation

http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm