CELLS History, Parts, Functions. Robert Hooke 1665.

CELLSCELLS

History, Parts, FunctionsHistory, Parts, Functions

Robert Hooke 1665Robert Hooke 1665

Hooke observed Cork- named Hooke observed Cork- named the cells “Cells”.the cells “Cells”.

Leewenhoek, Leewenhoek, 1667- 1667-

“Animolecules”“Animolecules”

Schleiden and SchwannSchleiden and Schwann

►BOTANIST (plants made of cells)……and ZOOLOGIST BOTANIST (plants made of cells)……and ZOOLOGIST (animals made of cells)(animals made of cells)

VirchowVirchow

PhysicianPhysician

“Omni cellula e cellula…”- All Cells come from pre-existing Cells.

CELLSCELLS

CELL THEORYCELL THEORY CELLS ARE THE BASIC UNIT CELLS ARE THE BASIC UNIT

OF LIFEOF LIFE ALL LIVING THINGS ARE ALL LIVING THINGS ARE

MADE OF CELLSMADE OF CELLS ALL CELLS COME FROM ALL CELLS COME FROM

PREEXISTING CELLSPREEXISTING CELLS

Cell TypesCell TypesPROKARYOTIC Cells PROKARYOTIC Cells

(Prokaryotes)(Prokaryotes)NO NUCLEUSNO NUCLEUS, , No membrane No membrane bound bound organelles organelles (golgi, (golgi, lysosomes, etc). lysosomes, etc). These are These are BACTERIA ONLYBACTERIA ONLY

Cell Cell TypesTypes

►EUKARYOTIC EUKARYOTIC CELLS CELLS (Eukaryotes)(Eukaryotes)

►ALL other cells ALL other cells in life! Have a in life! Have a Nucleus and Nucleus and other membrane other membrane bound bound organelles. organelles. “The TYPICAL “The TYPICAL CELL”CELL”

PARTS OF THE CELLPARTS OF THE CELL

THE CELL MEMBRANETHE CELL MEMBRANE

►Barrier around the cell…found in ALL Barrier around the cell…found in ALL CELLS! Controls what enters and CELLS! Controls what enters and leaves.leaves.

CELL’S NUCLEUSCELL’S NUCLEUS

►AREA OF DNA STORAGEAREA OF DNA STORAGE PROKARYOTES CALLED PROKARYOTES CALLED

NUCLEAR REGIONNUCLEAR REGION

CELLS/NUCLEUSCELLS/NUCLEUS

►MEMBRANE AROUND CALLED MEMBRANE AROUND CALLED NUCLEAR ENVELOPE (has NUCLEAR ENVELOPE (has pores in it)pores in it)

►INSIDE AREA CALLED INSIDE AREA CALLED NUCLEOLUS (makes NUCLEOLUS (makes ribosomes)ribosomes)

CELLS/NUCLEUSCELLS/NUCLEUS

Endoplasmic ReticulumEndoplasmic Reticulum

►MOVEMENTMOVEMENT OF MATERIAL INSIDE OF OF MATERIAL INSIDE OF CELL (“THE CELL”S HIGHWAY”)CELL (“THE CELL”S HIGHWAY”)

►MAJOR TYPESMAJOR TYPES ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC

RETICULUM (with Ribosomes)RETICULUM (with Ribosomes) SMOOTH ENODPALSMIC SMOOTH ENODPALSMIC

RETICULUM (no ribosomes)RETICULUM (no ribosomes)

ROUGH/SMOOTH ERROUGH/SMOOTH ER

ROUGH ER (see the ROUGH ER (see the ribosomes?)ribosomes?)

Golgi Apparatus (or complex, Golgi Apparatus (or complex, or body…)or body…)

PackagesPackages ProteinsProteins for for exportexport

Forms Forms LysosomesLysosomes

LYSOSOMESLYSOSOMES

TO DIGEST TO DIGEST MATERIAL BROUGHT MATERIAL BROUGHT INTO CELLINTO CELL

(Enzymes for (Enzymes for “CLEAN UP”)“CLEAN UP”)

RIBOSOMERIBOSOME PROTEIN PROTEIN SYNTHESIS…SYNTHESIS…wherewhere proteins proteins are assembled. are assembled. Remember! Remember! Amino Acids link Amino Acids link together to form together to form Proteins…here Proteins…here at the at the RIBOSOME!RIBOSOME!

VACUOLESVACUOLES

►STORAGE—water STORAGE—water and salts, minerals, and salts, minerals, foodsfoods

MITOCHONDRIAMITOCHONDRIA

►The Site for Cellular The Site for Cellular Respiration…where Respiration…where energy is made!energy is made!

►The “MIGHTY” The “MIGHTY” mitochondria is the mitochondria is the Powerhouse of the Powerhouse of the cell!cell!

MitochondriaMitochondria

CYTOSKELETONCYTOSKELETON

►STRUCTURE/SUPPORTSTRUCTURE/SUPPORT

Cilia and FlagellaCilia and Flagella

►Cilia- short hair like projections Cilia- short hair like projections for movement.for movement.

►Flagella- long whip-like tail for Flagella- long whip-like tail for movement.movement.

PLANTS ONLY!PLANTS ONLY!

PlastidsPlastids

►Plastids are doubled membraned 'sac-Plastids are doubled membraned 'sac-like' organelles, generally involved in like' organelles, generally involved in either the manufacture or storage of either the manufacture or storage of food.food.

►They include chloroplasts, They include chloroplasts, chromoplasts (pigments- red, green, chromoplasts (pigments- red, green, yellow) and leucoplastsyellow) and leucoplasts

CHLOROPLASTCHLOROPLAST

Found in Plants, algea, Found in Plants, algea, photosynthetic photosynthetic organisms..anything organisms..anything green (chlorophyll)green (chlorophyll)

Captures LIGHT and Captures LIGHT and turns into Glucose turns into Glucose during during photosynthesis…photosynthesis…

ChloroplastChloroplast

CELL WALLCELL WALL

►Encloses the Cell membrane. Encloses the Cell membrane. Found in Plants, fungi, algea…just Found in Plants, fungi, algea…just not animal cells!not animal cells!

LARGE VACUOLESLARGE VACUOLES