Cells Cells Cells could not be seen without a microscope Cells could not be seen without a microscope before the 17 before the 17 th th century. century. Leeuwenhoek made the first microscope. Leeuwenhoek made the first microscope. Hooke named “cells” while looking at cork. Hooke named “cells” while looking at cork. 1838 – Schleiden - plants are made of cells 1838 – Schleiden - plants are made of cells 1839 – Schwann – animals are made of cells 1839 – Schwann – animals are made of cells and there is a cellular basis of all life. and there is a cellular basis of all life. 1855 – Virchow – animal comes from animal 1855 – Virchow – animal comes from animal and plant comes from plant and plant comes from plant
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Cells Cells could not be seen without a microscope before the 17 th century. Cells could not be seen without a microscope before the 17 th century. Leeuwenhoek.
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CellsCells
Cells could not be seen without a microscope Cells could not be seen without a microscope before the 17before the 17thth century. century.
Leeuwenhoek made the first microscope.Leeuwenhoek made the first microscope. Hooke named “cells” while looking at cork.Hooke named “cells” while looking at cork. 1838 – Schleiden - plants are made of cells1838 – Schleiden - plants are made of cells 1839 – Schwann – animals are made of cells and 1839 – Schwann – animals are made of cells and
there is a cellular basis of all life.there is a cellular basis of all life. 1855 – Virchow – animal comes from animal and 1855 – Virchow – animal comes from animal and
plant comes from plantplant comes from plant
Cell TheoryCell Theory
1.1. Cells are the basic units of lifeCells are the basic units of life
2.2. All organisms are made of one or more All organisms are made of one or more cellscells
3.3. Cells arise from other cellsCells arise from other cells
Cell MembraneCell Membrane
Cell membraneCell membrane – gate, controlling what – gate, controlling what comes in and out of the cellscomes in and out of the cells
• Phospholipid bilayerPhospholipid bilayer – phosphate head – phosphate head and two fatty acid tailsand two fatty acid tails
• Phosphate headPhosphate head – – hydrophilichydrophilic (water (water loving)loving)
The control center – The control center – “brain”“brain”
Nuclear envelopeNuclear envelope – – covered in pores – send covered in pores – send proteins outproteins out
Contains DNA Contains DNA DNA coils into DNA coils into chromatinchromatin
and chromatin condenses and chromatin condenses into into chromosomeschromosomes (blueprint)(blueprint)
NucleolusNucleolus
Dark structure inside the nucleusDark structure inside the nucleus Make Make ribosomesribosomes Disappears during Disappears during mitosis mitosis (cell division)(cell division)
Prokaryote vs. EukaryoteProkaryote vs. Eukaryote
Prokaryotes Prokaryotes – bacterial cells– bacterial cells• Do not have a nucleusDo not have a nucleus• Have fewer partsHave fewer parts• Have DNA and reproduceHave DNA and reproduce• No membrane around organellesNo membrane around organelles
Eukaryotes Eukaryotes – plants, animals– plants, animals• Have a nucleusHave a nucleus• Have more partsHave more parts• Membrane bound organellesMembrane bound organelles
CytoplasmCytoplasm
CytosolCytosol and organelles and organelles Cytosol is mostly waterCytosol is mostly water OrganellesOrganelles – nucleus and other parts – nucleus and other parts
floating in cytosolfloating in cytosol
OrganellesOrganelles
RibosomesRibosomes – On the – On the rough endoplasmic rough endoplasmic reticulum and free in reticulum and free in the cytoplasmthe cytoplasm make proteins make proteins
(manufacturer)(manufacturer)
Smooth endoplasmic Smooth endoplasmic reticulumreticulum detoxification and detoxification and
making lipids and making lipids and carbohydratescarbohydrates
Golgi and LysosomesGolgi and Lysosomes
Golgi apparatusGolgi apparatus stack of pancakesstack of pancakes Packages things and Packages things and
sends them out of the sends them out of the cellcell
LysosomeLysosome digestion of food digestion of food
Powerhouse of the cellPowerhouse of the cell ATP – energy is ATP – energy is
createdcreated
Cell ShapeCell Shape
CytoskeletonCytoskeleton – internal – internal framework in an animal cell framework in an animal cell that helps maintain cell that helps maintain cell shape.shape.
MicrotubulesMicrotubules – hollow tubes – hollow tubes made of protein - help made of protein - help maintain cell shape and maintain cell shape and serve as tracks for transport serve as tracks for transport throughout the cell.throughout the cell.
Cillia and FlagellaCillia and Flagella are made are made of microtubules.of microtubules.
Microfilaments Microfilaments – smaller – smaller proteins that help maintain proteins that help maintain cell shape. cell shape.