Cells and their Organelles You will be able to understand how the cell is structured, designed, and grows
Dec 28, 2015
Cells and their Organelles
You will be able to understand how the cell is structured, designed, and grows
EQ: What do all living things have in common?
All life forms from bacteria to the giant blue whale are comprised of cells
Cells make up the smallest “unit” of life. All life is comprised of cells as well know it.
What does all life have in common? (Modern Cell Theory)
1. All living things are made of cells 2. Cells are the base unit of all
functions and design in living things 3. All cells are produced by other
living cells PROBLEMS: Cant explain viruses Cant explain where first cell came
from
How are cells structured?Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote
Prokaryote- (bacteria) ; simple design and very small. No special parts on the inside; but does contain DNA and RNA for replication
Eukaryote- (multi-celled organisms) Cells much larger and contain specialized parts: organelles- parts of a cell which have a SPECIFIC FUNCTION!
How do Cells “Know” when to Divide? Cell growth limited to processes of Osmosis
and Diffusion Osmosis is the ability of water to move across
cell membrane Diffusion is the ability of a gas (oxygen and CO2
to move across cell membrane Both are PASSIVE TRANSPORT methods (no
energy needed) When Osmosis and Diffusion no longer “work”
signals cell to divide
Mitosis: Cell Division
G1 Stage: Cytoplasm expands and organelles double
S Stage ( Synthesis Stage): DNA in Cell doubles preparing for Cell Division
G2 Stage: Cell undergoes Mitosis; Normal Cell Function Stops and Cell Divides
Mitosis 6 Stages
Interphase (G2)- Cell Function Normal (Cell grows)
Prophase- Cell Function stops- Nucleus disappears, Centrioles and Spindle Fibers form, Chromosomes appear
Metaphase- Chromosomes line up in Middle Anaphase- Chromosomes “rip” apart and move
to opposite ends Telophase- Daughter Cells divide,
(CYTOKENISIS) Nucleus reappears, Spindle Fibers, Chromosomes and Centrioles disappear
Interphase (G 1 )- Cell goes back to normal function and grows
What is Cancer?
Cancer is simply when cells get “stuck” into the Synthesis and G2 of the cell cycle
Cells continually divide and stop functioning normally, as a result organ stops functioning normally
Cells can then break off a travel to other locations within the body, causing the cancer to SPREAD
Cancer has 4 stages, Stage 1 and 2 cancer is “isolated”. Has not gotten past lymph nodes.
Stage 3 and 4 Cancer has gotten into lymph nodes and has grown beyond original location.
EUKARYOTE CELLS (Plants and Animals) Cell Wall – rigid wall
of material located outside the cell membrane. Found in all plants cells, job is to support structure of plant. Not found in animal cells (except bacteria and some protists)
“Brick wall of cell”
Eukaryote Cells
Cell Membrane- Outer edge of cell; controls what goes in and out of cell.
Gatekeeper of Cell
Eukaryote Cells
Nuclear Membrane; controls what enters and leaves nucleus of cell; surrounds nucleus
Bouncer of Cell
Eukaryote Cells
Chromatin- genetic material of cell; tells cell what sort of cell it becomes as well as making up its DNA material: found in the nucleus
Blueprints of Cell
Eukaryote Cells
Mitochondria- Where cellular respiration occurs; (where food is burned in cell) provides energy to the cell. Found in cytoplasm
Power-plants of cell
Eukaryote Cells
Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.) network of passage ways within cell to transport material and energy. Found in cytoplasm
Roads of the Cell
Eukaryote Cells
Ribosome- specializes parts of cell that make proteins for the cells. Found in the E.R. of the cytoplasm and made by the nucleolus
Chef of the Cell
Eukaryote Cells
Nucleolus- “Dark spot” in Nucleus of the cell. Makes Ribosomes for the cell
Dark side of Cell
Eukaryote Cells
Golgi Apparatus /(Body)- found in cytoplasm. Organelles that are the carrying devices for food and other material throughout the cell
UPS of the cell
Eukaryote Cells
Chloroplasts- found commonly in plant cells cytoplasm. Organelles that convert light into food energy
“Greenies of the cell”
Chloroplasts
Eukaryote Cell
Vacuole- Storage area in a cell’s cytoplasm; Larger in plants than animal cells used for water and waste storage
Trashcan of cell
Eukaryote Cell
Lysosome- organelle that cleans out cytoplasm and destroys worn out organelles
Janitor of Cell with Lysol
Eukaryote Cell
Centriole- only in animal cells: where spindle fibers attach during cell replication
Anchor of cell
Eukaryote Cells
Spindle fibers- “strings” which attach to chromosomes during cell replication process. Found in cytoplasm and only visible during cell replication
Strings of Cell