Cells! Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Red Blood Cell Bacteria -- Introduction.

Cells!Amoeba Proteus

Plant Stem

Red Blood Cell

Bacteria

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFuEo2ccTPA -- Introduction (Click here)

The Animal Cell

http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif

The Plant Cell

Prokaryotic Cells

NO NUCLEUS!!!First cell type on earthExample: Bacteria!

Eukaryotic Have a NUCLEUS and membrane-bound

organelles---include most living things

Plant Animal

http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

Cells

Smallest living unitMost are microscopic

Principles of Cell Theory

1. All living things are made of cells

2. Smallest living unit of structure and function of all organisms is the cell

3. All cells arise from preexisting cells

Discovery of Cells

Robert Hooke (1665)- coined the word “cells”Observed sliver of corkSaw “row of empty boxes”He named these empty boxes CELLS!

Cell theory

(1839)Theodor Schwann & Matthias Schleiden

“ all (living things) are made of cells”

-Schwann (animal); Schleiden (plants)

(50 yrs. later) Rudolf Virchow

“all cells come from cells”

The Microscope Microbe Man!

Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1674) Introduced the world to

microbes. Observed tiny organisms in pond water.

Made books with sketches and descriptions

Built over 200 microscopes! (Hans and Janssen invented it though in the 1590’s)

Cell Membrane

Function:Function: controls controls what goes in and out what goes in and out of the cell.of the cell.

Analogy:Analogy: like a like a bouncer at a club bouncer at a club because a bouncer because a bouncer controls who can controls who can come in.come in.

In BOTH plant and In BOTH plant and animal!!animal!!

Cytoplasm

FunctionFunction: a jelly-like : a jelly-like substance that holds substance that holds organelles in placeorganelles in place

AnalogyAnalogy: like a jello : like a jello fruit cup because fruit cup because the jello holds the the jello holds the fruit in place just like fruit in place just like the cytoplasm does the cytoplasm does for the organelles!for the organelles!

In BOTH**In BOTH**

Nucleus

Function: controls the cell’s activities

Analogy: like a president because a president controls what goes on in a country.

Both

Ribosome

Function: Makes proteins

Analogy: like Kentucky Fried Chicken because KFC makes protein (chicken)!

BBoth

Lysosome

Function: the cells stomach; breaks down food and cell parts

Analogy: like a car crusher because car crushers breaks down cars OR like a stomach

Only in Animal Cells

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Function: moves proteins around the cell

*Rough ER: Has ribosomes on it!

*Smooth ER: No ribosomes.

Analogy: it’s like a train because trains move things from place to place or like UPS

**In BOTH

Golgi Apparatus

Function: storing & packing proteins

Analogy: like a packer because a packer will pack up your things and store them in a safe place.

**In Both

Chromosomes

Function: contains genetic DNA that is passed on

Analogy: like a drivers license or social security card because they both carry important information about you!

In Both

MitochondriaMitochondria

Function: Provides energy. Powerhouse of the cell!!!Analogy: like a power plant because it gives energy to the rest of the cell.**Both**

Choloroplast FunctionFunction: takes solar : takes solar

energy ad turns it into energy ad turns it into chemical energychemical energy

AnalogyAnalogy: like a solar : like a solar panel because a solar panel because a solar panel takes solar panel takes solar energy and turns it into energy and turns it into electrical energy.electrical energy.

ONLY IN PLANTS!ONLY IN PLANTS!

Function: supports and protects cell; in plants only

Freely permeable*Why is the cell wall

important?* Only in plants

Cell Wall

Vacuole Function: Store

nutrients and water

Analogy: like a water balloon because it can hold water until you need to use it!

**In Both but a LARGE vacuole is ONLY in plants

Plant Cell Animal Cell

Large Vacuole—PLANTS ONLY!

CytoskeletonFunction: Provides

shape and support for the cell. It’s the ‘skeleton’.

Analogy: It’s like our skeleton because our skeleton gives us support and shape. ***Both***

Flagella / Cilia

Function: cell movement.

*In Animal and prokaryotic cells*

Flagella

Cilia on a Paramecium

Interactive cells!

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/insideacell/