CELLS

CELLS

REMEMBER THIS???

Cell Theory

The cell theory states:

• All ______ _______are composed of cells• Cells are the basic units of structure and

function in living things• New cells are produced from __________________________________.

Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote

• Prokaryotic cells have genetic material that is NOT contained in a nucleus– Less complicated

• Eukaryotic cells contain a NUCLEUS in which their genetic material is separated from the rest of the cell– Contain membrane bound organelles (ex.

mitochondria, golgi apparatus, ribosome)

CELL ORGANELLESOrganelles are VERY SPECIAL structures that

perform important cellular functions.

Animal Cell Plant Cell

WHATS THE DIFFERENCE?

NUCLEUS • CONTROL CENTER• CONTAINS DNA/RNA and CONTROLS EVERYTHING

NUCLEAR ENVELOPE• IT’S SO SPECIAL…..

IT GETS ITS OWN MEMBRANE

• REGULATES WHAT COMES IN AND OUT

NUCLEUS

WHY IS IT SO SPECIAL??

BLOOD CELLSTHEY DO NOT

HAVE A NUCLEUS

ZOMG – What does that mean?

Cell Membrane• FUNCTION: Regulates materials entering

and exiting the cell. • STRUCTURE: Two layers of phospholipids, proteins

CELL MEMBRANE

YES, YOU MAY ENTER.

CYTOPLASM – • PORTION OUTSIDE OF THE NUCLEUS• JELLY LIKE• HOLDS ORGANELLES

MITOCHONDRIA• POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL• MAKES ATP = MAKES ENERGY FOR THE CELL• IT’S SO SPECIAL, IT ALSO GETS ITS OWN MEMBRANE• MIGHTY MITO!

WHAT KIND OF HUMAN CELLS HAVE A LOT OF MITOCHONDRIA??

WHY??

RIBOSOME• MAKES PROTEIN

IF A CHEMICAL POISON ENTERED THE CELL AND DAMAGED THE RIBOSOME,

WHAT WOULD HAPPEN?

SOME ANTIBIOTICS TARGET THE RIBOSOME OF PROKARYOTES.

WHY DID SCIENTISTS DESIGN THEM THAT WAY?

GOLGI COMPLEX – • Sorts and packages proteins for delivery to certain partsof the cell• It’s like The POST OFFICE ofThe cell

NOTICE THE SHAPE!!NOTICE THE LITTLE SACS COMING OFF THE SIDES.

HOW DOES IT PACKAGE STUFF UP? WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF THE GOLGI MADE A MISTAKE?

LYSOSOMES • DIGESTS CELLULAR WASTES • “GARBAGE MAN CREW”

CENTRIOLE –

• Located in Animal cells• Help the cell divide• Organizes the microtubules and chromosomes

WHEN IT IS TIME TO DIVIDE AND MAKE ANOTHER CELL….

CENTRIOLES MOVE TO THE OUTSIDEAND HELP MAKE IT HAPPEN

LIKE A BOSS…Just Sayin….

Some cancer drugs destroy the centriole – WHY?

PLANTS HAVE ORGANELLES

TOO!!

REMEMBER,They are

EUKARYOTES!

BUT FIRST…………What do you notice about the plant cell?

WHAT DOES A PLANT CELL HAVE THAT

ANIMAL CELLS DO NOT?

Cell walls help a plant

keep its shape.

CHLOROPLAST – FOUND IN PLANTS• Take LIGHT from SUN and turn it into Energy!• It’s called PHOTOSYNTHESIS!• They are kinda like mitochondria (ENERGY)

CHLOROPLAST

VACUOLE – • Stores stuff like WATER, PROTEINS• PLANTS HAVE A HUGE VACUOLE!!!!!• THEY STORE WATER!

ANIMALS HAVE TINY ONES!

Vacuoles store food, water, and other materials that can be used by the cell.

NO MORE ORGANELLES FOR NOW!

CYTOSKELETON– • SKELETON NETWORK MADE OF PROTEIN FILAMENTS and MICROTUBULES• MAINTAINS CELL SHAPE / PROVIDES STRUCTURE

Endoplasmic Reticulum – assembles lipid components of cell membrane and some proteins are

modifiedSmooth vs. Rough