Cells

CELLS

Let´s remember!

All organisms are made up of cells.

The smallest functional and structural unit.

WHAT DO CELLS HAVE IN COMMON?

DNA

The genetic material that provides instructions for all cell processes.

Prokaryotic EukaryoticDNA is not contained in DNA is contained in

an a nucleus. organelle called nucleus.

CytoplasmIncludes the fluid and the organelles.

OrganellesSpecialized to perform a specific function.

Cell MembraneA protective layer that controls the materials

that enters or exit the cell.

EUKARYOTIC CELLS

Animal Plant Mitochondria: cellular respiration. Ribosomes: makes proteins. Endoplasmatic Reticulum: makes proteins or lipids. Golgi Complex: deliver proteins and lipids.Lysosomes: contains Cell Wall: provides

digestive enzymes . support. Large vacuola: storage. Chloroplasts:

photosynthesis.

HOW WAS THE EUKARYOTIC CELL ORIGINATED?

Endosymbiotic Theory

Videos

EVIDENCE?

Membranes

EVIDENCE?

Membranes

DNA

EVIDENCE?

Membranes

DNA

Reproduction

WE ALL SHARE THE SAME ANCESTOR...

LUCA: Last Universal Common Ancestor.

FROM UNICELLULAR TO MULTICELLULAR

Unicellular: Eukaryotic Prokaryotic

When a cell grows in size it needs more nutrients and produces more waste.

In addition the internal organization of the cell gets more complicated because all functions are disperse in a bigger space.

It is necessary that cellular size is mantein small to favour reactions and exchange with the outside.

MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS They can reach a big size because they are

made up off lots of cells!

WHAT IS THE STRATEGY? Cell Specialization: cells differ in size and

function: they perform different roles.

The cells cooperate with each other to achieve the functionality of the whole organism.