Cell Theory 1.All living organisms are made of one or more cells. 2.The cell is the basic organizational unit of life. 3.All cells come from pre- existing cells.
Jan 12, 2016
Cell TheoryCell Theory
1.All living organisms are made of one or more cells.
2.The cell is the basic organizational unit of life.
3.All cells come from pre-existing cells.
1.All living organisms are made of one or more cells.
2.The cell is the basic organizational unit of life.
3.All cells come from pre-existing cells.
Visualizing Cells
Visualizing Cells
CELL STRUCTUR
ES
CELL STRUCTUR
ES
NUCLEUSNUCLEUS• The control center for all cell
activity“the brain”
Contains genetic DNA• Surrounded by a thin, double
nuclear membrane• Contains thick protoplasm (rich in
protein) called nucleoplasm (contain chromatin materials)
• The control center for all cell activity
“the brain”
Contains genetic DNA• Surrounded by a thin, double
nuclear membrane• Contains thick protoplasm (rich in
protein) called nucleoplasm (contain chromatin materials)
NUCLEOLUSNUCLEOLUS• Found in the nucleus• Takes part in protein synthesis
(makes ribosome)
• Found in the nucleus• Takes part in protein synthesis
(makes ribosome)
CELLULAR MEMBRANECELLULAR
MEMBRANE• Phospholipids bilayer• Keeps all cell structures inside the
cell• Controls what goes in and what
goes out
• Phospholipids bilayer• Keeps all cell structures inside the
cell• Controls what goes in and what
goes out
NUCLEAR MEMBRANENUCLEAR
MEMBRANE• separates the nuclear material
from other parts of the cell• Not really a solid barrier • semi permeable – allows some
things in and some things out
• separates the nuclear material from other parts of the cell
• Not really a solid barrier • semi permeable – allows some
things in and some things out
CYTOPLASMCYTOPLASM
• Cell materials outside nucleus make up cytoplasm
• CLEAR THICK JELLY LIKE FLUID
• Largest component of cell and holds things in place
• Cell materials outside nucleus make up cytoplasm
• CLEAR THICK JELLY LIKE FLUID
• Largest component of cell and holds things in place
CYTOPLASM HOLDS SEVERAL ORGANIZED STRUCTURES IN PLACE IN THE CELL
THESE STRUCTURES ARE CALLED:
CYTOPLASM HOLDS SEVERAL ORGANIZED STRUCTURES IN PLACE IN THE CELL
THESE STRUCTURES ARE CALLED:
Each organelle has its own specific role.......
“Little Organs”
Endoplasmic ReticulumEndoplasmic Reticulum
• Fastens to cell membrane and nuclear membrane
• Carries materials (nutrients, proteins) through the cell
• Series of canals or channels (pathways) within the cell
• Can be eitherA) SMOOTH ER B) ROUGH ER
• Fastens to cell membrane and nuclear membrane
• Carries materials (nutrients, proteins) through the cell
• Series of canals or channels (pathways) within the cell
• Can be eitherA) SMOOTH ER B) ROUGH ER
RIBOSOMESRIBOSOMES- Small bumps on ER or on cytoplasm - Tiny grainy structures- Small bumps on ER or on cytoplasm - Tiny grainy structures
-Contain enzymes that control PROTEIN SYNTHESIS- Builds protein essential for cell growth and reproduction
-Called protein factories of the cell
MITOCHONDRIAMITOCHONDRIA**Center for respiration in the cell**Releases energy
POWERHOUSE OF CELL
**Center for respiration in the cell**Releases energy
POWERHOUSE OF CELL
At least 95% of energy in cell
comes from mitochondria
Cristea- inward folds…increasesessurface area
Lysosomes(suicide sacs)
Lysosomes(suicide sacs)
• Only one simple membrane• Contains enzymes that cause
digestion of proteins• Breaks down molecules so they
can be used for building materials
• Only one simple membrane• Contains enzymes that cause
digestion of proteins• Breaks down molecules so they
can be used for building materials
Lysosomes will burst open and break down any dead cells
Several hundred lysosomal structures can be seen in the
above phase micrograph.
Several hundred lysosomal structures can be seen in the
above phase micrograph.
GOLGI APPARATUSGOLGI APPARATUS
Looks likes stacks of flattened sacs piled up on one another….
Looks likes stacks of flattened sacs piled up on one another….
These packages then go to the cells surface for export!!! Recieves protein from
endoplasmic reticulum
VacuoleVacuole
• Not considered to be an organelle• Often found in plants (very large)
• Not considered to be an organelle• Often found in plants (very large)
Fluid-filled space that contains water sugar minerals and proteins
PlastidsPlastids Found in plants Some store foods, others act as a
chemical factory
Types: Chloroplasts – contain green pigment called
chlorophyll - traps energy from the sun to make
glucose in photosynthesisLeucoplasts – serve as food storehouses
main center for storing starch
Found in plants Some store foods, others act as a
chemical factory
Types: Chloroplasts – contain green pigment called
chlorophyll - traps energy from the sun to make
glucose in photosynthesisLeucoplasts – serve as food storehouses
main center for storing starch
Onion tip root
CytoskeletonCytoskeleton• Network of protein fibers supporting cell
shape and anchoring organelles• Network of protein fibers supporting cell
shape and anchoring organelles
Actin
Microtubules
Intermediate filaments
Interactive cell siteInteractive cell site
http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/animcell.htm
http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/animcell.htm