Cell Structures and Functions Unit 5 – Chapter 4

Cell Structures and Functions

Unit 5 – Chapter 4

The Cell Theory

Devised by Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow.

1. _______________________________ _____________.

2. _______________________________ _____________________.

3. _______________________________ _____________________..

The World of Cells

Cell – basic building block of life.______________– (1665) – observed

the dead cells of cork. He likened them to cells in a prison….thus coining the name “cell”.

_______________ – nutrition, digestion, excretion, secretion, absorption, biosynthesis, respiration, response, reproduction.

2 Types of Cell Organization

1. ______________:- Exs.) Bacteria and Cyanobacteria

ONLY- smaller and less complex than

eukaryotes- Do not have membranes enclosing

cell parts, therefore NO DISTINCT NUCLEUS

- DNA (genetic material) is on a circular loop in center of cell

2. _________________:- includes all cells other than bacteria

and cyanobacteria (prokaryotes)- Larger and more complex than

prokaryotes- Have cell parts that are enclosed in

membranes- HAVE A DISTINCT NUCLEUS THAT

HOUSES THE DNA

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

Go to Section:

Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

1. _____________ Nickname: “The Control Center” Function: holds the DNA Parts:

1. _______________: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes

2. _______________: controls traffic in/out of nucleus

3. _______________: all substances INSIDE the nucleus

4. _______________: unraveled chromosomes = DNA

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

Go to Section:

Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus Ribosomes

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

2. _____________

Function: site where _______________ _________________

Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

3. _____________________(ER) Nickname: “Highway system” Function: Provides a route for cell

products to move throughout the cell

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

Go to Section:

Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Ribosomes

Endoplasmic Reticulum 2 Types:

1. _____________: Rough appearance because it has

ribosomes attached Function: helps make proteins, that’s

why it has ribosomes

2. _____________: NO ribosomes attached Function: makes fats or lipids

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

Go to Section:

Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

Golgi Complex

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

4. _______________ Nickname: “Shipping department” Function: packages, modifies, and

transports materials to different locations inside/outside of the cell

Appearance: stack of pancakes

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

Go to Section:

Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

Golgi Bodies

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

5. _____________: circular, but bigger than ribosomes)

Nickname: “Clean-up Crews” Function: _________________________

____________________ into particles the the cell can use, and to destroy old and diseased cells

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal CellsAnimal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

Golgi Bodies

Mitochondria

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

6. __________________ Nickname: “The Energy Factory” Function: ______________________

_____________________________________ _____________________________ ATP: is the major fuel for all cell

activities that require energy

Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

Golgi Bodies

Mitochondria

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

A Few Additional Cell Organelles

___________ – in animal cells, this is a food storage sac.

____________ – all substances OUTSIDE the nucleus.

____________– controls traffic in/out of the entire cell.

Now let’s talk about structures ONLY found in PLANT Cells!!

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

Go to Section:

Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Water Vacuole

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

7. _______________ Function: stores water, sugars,

waste products This is what makes lettuce crisp

When there is no water, the plant wilts

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

Go to Section:

Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Chloroplasts

Eukaryotic Plant Cell Organelles and Function

8. ______________ Function: traps energy from the sun

to produce food for the plant cell Green in color because of

chlorophyll, which is the green pigment that captures the sunlight

Chloroplasts

2 Other Types of Plastids

________________ – many different colors such as those found in fruit and flowers.

________________ – cloudy white or clear…they store starch such as in potatoes, rice, squash.

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

Go to Section:

Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Chloroplasts

Cell Wall

Eukaryotic Plant Cell Organelles and Function

9. ____________ Function: _______________________

______________ to the cell membrane Found outside the cell membrane in

plant cells Allows the plant cell to hold high

water pressures…this keeps the plant from wilting

Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Chloroplasts

Cell Wall

Nucleolus

Nucleus

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Golgi Bodies

Mitochondria

Ribosomes

Cytoplasm

How Do Some Organisms Build from the Cell?? (Also known as the levels of organization in living things)……..see below……

1. Cell – basic unit ↓2. Tissue – group of CELLS that work to do the

same job such as Nervous tissue ↓3. Organ – group of TISSUES that work to do the

same job such as the heart. ↓ 4. System – group of ORGANS that work

together to do the same job such as the digestive system ↓

5. Complete Organism – group of SYSTEMS that work together to do one job