Cell Structure & Function. Cells ► All living things on Earth are made of cells. ► Cells are the basic unit of structure & function in living things.

Cell Structure & Cell Structure & FunctionFunction

CellsCells►All living things on Earth are made of cells.All living things on Earth are made of cells.►Cells are the basic unit of structure & Cells are the basic unit of structure &

function in living things.function in living things.►Living cells come only from other living Living cells come only from other living

cells. cells. ►Cells are so tiny you could fit more than a Cells are so tiny you could fit more than a

million of them on a period at the end of a million of them on a period at the end of a sentence.sentence.

►You cannot see cells without a You cannot see cells without a microscope.microscope.

CellsCells►Cells were named by Robert Hooke.Cells were named by Robert Hooke.►11stst scientist to call spaces in cork cells scientist to call spaces in cork cells

he observed under the microscope he observed under the microscope “cells.”“cells.”

►Comes from the Latin word cella which Comes from the Latin word cella which means “little rooms”.means “little rooms”.

►UnicellularUnicellular: one cell – bacteria.: one cell – bacteria.►MulticellularMulticellular: many cells –humans : many cells –humans

have over 200 different types of cells have over 200 different types of cells (blood, bone, skin) and an estimated (blood, bone, skin) and an estimated 100 trillion total cells. 100 trillion total cells.

How Cells FunctionHow Cells Function►Each can take in nutrients, convert Each can take in nutrients, convert

these nutrients into energy, carry out these nutrients into energy, carry out specialized jobs, and reproduce as specialized jobs, and reproduce as necessary. necessary.

How Cells WorkHow Cells Work►Each cell stores its own set of Each cell stores its own set of

instructions for carrying out instructions for carrying out each of these activities. each of these activities.

Structure of CellsStructure of Cells►OrganellesOrganelles:: small structures, small structures,

or “organs” within cells that or “organs” within cells that perform a specific function perform a specific function

What’s In a Cell?What’s In a Cell?►Read the passage.Read the passage.►As you answer the question, As you answer the question,

HIGHLIGHT the part of the passage HIGHLIGHT the part of the passage that gives evidence for your answer.that gives evidence for your answer.

►Bullet form answers are okay, but Bullet form answers are okay, but should be detailed.should be detailed.

Functions of OrganellesFunctions of Organelles►Each organelle has a job to do to help Each organelle has a job to do to help

the cell function properly.the cell function properly.►Read about each of the organelles that Read about each of the organelles that

follow.follow.

Organelles in CellsOrganelles in Cells►There are many organelles in each There are many organelles in each

cell. cell. ►Plant cells have two extra organelles Plant cells have two extra organelles

that animal cells do not have.that animal cells do not have.

Animal Cells:Animal Cells:► Cell MembraneCell Membrane► CytoplasmCytoplasm► NucleusNucleus► Nuclear MembraneNuclear Membrane► RibosomesRibosomes► Endoplasmic Endoplasmic

ReticulumReticulum► Golgi BodiesGolgi Bodies► MitochondriaMitochondria► LysosomesLysosomes

► Cell MembraneCell Membrane► CytoplasmCytoplasm► NucleusNucleus► Nuclear MembraneNuclear Membrane► RibosomesRibosomes► Endoplasmic ReticulumEndoplasmic Reticulum► Golgi BodiesGolgi Bodies► MitochondriaMitochondria► LysosomesLysosomes► ChloroplastsChloroplasts► Cell WallCell Wall

Plant Cells:Plant Cells:

Cell MembraneCell Membrane►Outer structure that surrounds the Outer structure that surrounds the

cellcell►Supports & protects the cellSupports & protects the cell►Controls movement of materials in Controls movement of materials in

and out of the celland out of the cell►Barrier between cell and its Barrier between cell and its

environmentenvironment

CytoplasmCytoplasm

►Cell’s environment or inner spaceCell’s environment or inner space►Made of mostly waterMade of mostly water►Contains the organellesContains the organelles►Site of most cell activitySite of most cell activity

NucleusNucleus►The cell’s computer or brainThe cell’s computer or brain►Controls the cell activitiesControls the cell activities►Contains all the information the cell Contains all the information the cell

needs to do specific jobs, grow, and needs to do specific jobs, grow, and dividedivide

► Information is stored in DNA moleculesInformation is stored in DNA molecules►Contains the nucleolus which makes Contains the nucleolus which makes

ribosomesribosomes►Determines what proteins will be madeDetermines what proteins will be made

Nuclear MembraneNuclear Membrane

►Protects and guards the nucleusProtects and guards the nucleus►Controls movement of materials in Controls movement of materials in

and out of the nucleusand out of the nucleus►Keeps the DNA inside the nucleusKeeps the DNA inside the nucleus►Allows other materials to pass in Allows other materials to pass in

and out of the nucleusand out of the nucleus

RibosomesRibosomes

►Makes the proteins the cell needs to Makes the proteins the cell needs to survive and growsurvive and grow

►PProduces the roduces the PProtein which is the rotein which is the PProduct of the cellroduct of the cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.)(E.R.)

►The transportation system of the cellThe transportation system of the cell►Carries material through cellCarries material through cell►Allows reactions to happen in the cellAllows reactions to happen in the cell►Where the ribosomes do their workWhere the ribosomes do their work►Rough ERRough ER has ribosomes attached to it has ribosomes attached to it

so the proteins they make can be so the proteins they make can be released directly into the ER for transportreleased directly into the ER for transport

►Smooth ERSmooth ER collects things and contains collects things and contains themthem

Golgi BodiesGolgi Bodies

►Packs & carries the proteinsPacks & carries the proteins►Prepares the proteins for use or Prepares the proteins for use or

delivery outside the celldelivery outside the cell

MitochondriaMitochondria

►Cell’s powerhouse or power Cell’s powerhouse or power generatorgenerator

►Supplies the energySupplies the energy►Breaks down sugar molecules into Breaks down sugar molecules into

energy energy ►Need oxygen to make energy and Need oxygen to make energy and

give off carbon dioxide as wastegive off carbon dioxide as waste

LysosomesLysosomes

► Cell’s recyclersCell’s recyclers► Breaks down larger food molecules into Breaks down larger food molecules into

smaller moleculessmaller molecules► Contains enzymes which break down the Contains enzymes which break down the

proteinsproteins►Digests old cell partsDigests old cell parts

ChloroplastsChloroplasts►Plant cells onlyPlant cells only►Power generator for the plantPower generator for the plant►Give plants their green colorGive plants their green color►Uses energy from the sun to make Uses energy from the sun to make

food for the plant through food for the plant through photosynthesisphotosynthesis

Cell WallCell Wall►Plant cells onlyPlant cells only►Made of celluloseMade of cellulose►Surrounds the cell membraneSurrounds the cell membrane►Gives plants their shape, structure, Gives plants their shape, structure,

and protectionand protection►Allows HAllows H22O, OO, O22, and CO, and CO22, to pass in and , to pass in and

out of the cellout of the cell

Can you remember the Can you remember the function of each?function of each?

Cut out the symbols and glue Cut out the symbols and glue them next to the correct cell them next to the correct cell

part.part.

A. Cell = City

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

H.

I.

J.