CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION REVIEW NOTES

nucleus

DNA

cell membrane

vacuole

cell wall

nucleolus

mitochondrion

endoplasmic reticulum

chloroplast

ribosomes

lysosome

ribosomes

cell membranenucleolus

endoplasmic reticulum

mitochondrion

cytoplasm

vacuole

nucleus

Golgi complexDNA

Plant Cell

Animal Cell

Animal Cell

Plant Cell

A. CELL THEORY

1) All living things are made of one or more cells.

2) Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.

3) Living cells come only from other living cells.

C) ANIMAL VS. PLANT CELLS:

Large

No Cell wallSmall VacuolesNo Chloroplasts

Cell wallLarge VacuolesChloroplasts

1) ORGANELLES:• tiny organs in the cell.

2) CYTOPLASM:• fluid filling inside the cell membrane.• makes up the majority of cell’s mass.

D) SOME CELL TERMS & STRUCTURES:

Organelles

Cytoplasm

3) CELL MEMBRANE

• controls movement of materials into and out of the cell

• holds cell together

Cell membrane

Animal Cell

• found in plant cells not animal cells• provides strength and support for plant

cells.• made of cellulose (long chains of sugar

molecules)

4) CELL WALL

Cell wall

Cell membrane

Plant Cell

1) Nucleus:

• the control center of the cell

• stores DNA

(a) nucleolus - dark spot inside the nucleus, which makes ribosomes.

E) ORGANELLES OF CELLS:

(b) nuclear membrane - controls movement of materials in and out of nucleus.

(c) DNA - stores information for making proteins

Nucleus

DNANucleolus

Animal Cell

Nuclear membrane

2) RIBOSOME• tiny grain like

particles usually found along the E.R.

• proteins are made here Ribosome Proteins

Amino acids

3) Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):• makes lipids

• the delivery system of the cell for compounds such as proteins through its tubular connections.

Endoplasmicreticulum

Endoplasmicreticulum

Ribosomes

Animal Cell

4) Mitochondria:

• the “Power House” of the cell

• releases energy packets of ATP for use in the cell.

Mitochondria Outer membrane

Inner membrane

chloroplast

Mitochondria

5) Chloroplast:

• “Solar Panels” for capturing energy

• they use energy from sunlight to make food in plant cells (i.e. glucose).

Outer membrane

Inner membrane

Chloroplast

Cellmembrane

Mitochondria

Chloroplast

Vacuole

Plant Cell

Vacuole

6) Vacuole:

• “Storage Tanks” of the cell

• store water, food and waste.

Animal CellPlant Cell

7) Golgi body:

• packages and transports materials out of the cell.

Golgi complex

Animal Cell

8) Lysosome:

• “Clean-up and Recycling Crew”

• digest food particles, wastes, cell parts, and foreign invaders.

Lysosome

Vesicle with foodAnimal Cell

Summary of organelles and their functions

White Blood Cells Red Blood Cells