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Cell Structure and Function
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Cell Structure and Function. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

Jan 02, 2016

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Dorothy Collins
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Page 1: Cell Structure and Function. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

Cell Structure and Function

Page 2: Cell Structure and Function. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

KWL - The Cell

What do you know?

What do you want to know?

What have you learned?

Page 3: Cell Structure and Function. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

Explore Cells

At your assigned lab table, draw the slide that you observe under the microscope.

Write down any interesting details you would use to describe the slide.

Be prepared to share your findings with the group.

Page 4: Cell Structure and Function. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

Human Epidermis – Animal cells

Page 5: Cell Structure and Function. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

Staphylococcus epidermis

Page 6: Cell Structure and Function. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

Cardiac (heart) Muscle

Page 7: Cell Structure and Function. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

Stems

Page 8: Cell Structure and Function. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

Leaves

Page 9: Cell Structure and Function. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

Amoeba proteus

Page 10: Cell Structure and Function. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

Root tip

Page 11: Cell Structure and Function. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

What are some similarities and differences that you observed by looking at a variety of cells?

Page 12: Cell Structure and Function. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

Explain: Cells

Page 13: Cell Structure and Function. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

History of the cell

In 1665, Robert Hooke was the first to view cells from cork (dead plant material). He called them “cells” because they looked like tiny rooms.

Anton van Leeuwenhoek saw tiny living organisms in water in 1675.

Page 14: Cell Structure and Function. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

In 1838, Matthias Schleiden determined that plants are made up of cells.

In 1839, Theodor Schwann determined that animals are made up of cells.

In 1855, Rudolf Virchow concluded that new cells are produced from the division of existing cells.

Page 15: Cell Structure and Function. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

The Cell Theory

All living things are composed of cells.

Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.

New cells are produced from existing cells.

Page 16: Cell Structure and Function. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

Types of Cells

Two kinds of cells depending on whether they have a nucleus

Prokaryote

Eukaryote

Genetic material

Page 17: Cell Structure and Function. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

Prokaryotes

Usually small and simple

Genetic material (DNA) is not contained in a nucleus

The ONLY prokaryotes in the world are BACTERIA.

Page 18: Cell Structure and Function. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

Prokaryotic Cells

Page 19: Cell Structure and Function. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

Eukaryotes

Usually larger and more complex than prokaryotes.

May be unicellular like an amoeba or multicellular like a plant

Contain dozens of specialized structures called organelles.

Includes protists, fungi, plants and animals.

Page 20: Cell Structure and Function. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

Eukaryotic cell structure

Two major parts: Nucleus

Cytoplasm-portion of the cell outside the nucleus

Page 21: Cell Structure and Function. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

Eukaryotic cells

Page 22: Cell Structure and Function. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

Nucleus-The control center

Function:

Contains almost all of the cell’s DNA for coding proteins and other molecules.

DNA is found on chromosomes which contain genetic information.

Page 23: Cell Structure and Function. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

Nucleus-The control center

Structure: Surrounded by a double

membrane called a nuclear envelope. It is dotted with many pores (holes) to allow materials (RNA, proteins, etc) in and out of the nucleus.

Small internal region called a nucleolus where ribosomes are made.

Page 24: Cell Structure and Function. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

Ribosomes

Function: Site of protein

assembly.

Structure: Small pieces of RNA

and protein found throughout the cell.

Page 25: Cell Structure and Function. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Function: Site where lipid parts of

cell membrane are made, along with proteins and other materials to export from the cell.

Structure: Rough ER- has

ribosomes on surface to assemble proteins

Smooth ER-NO ribosomes on surface

Page 26: Cell Structure and Function. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

Golgi Apparatus

Function: Modify, sort, and

package proteins and other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or release from the cell. It puts the finishing touches on proteins.

Structure: Stack of closely

packed membranes

Page 27: Cell Structure and Function. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

You have 3 minutes to compare your notes with a neighbor. Be sure to ask questions and fill in any blanks you may have in your notes at this time.

Page 28: Cell Structure and Function. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

Lysosomes-The Clean Up Crew

Function: Breakdown of lipids,

carbohydrates and proteins into small molecules to be used by the rest of the cell

Breakdown used up organelles

Get rid of all “stuff” in the cell

Structure: Small, filled with

enzymes

Page 29: Cell Structure and Function. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

Vacuoles - Storage

Function: Stores water, salts,

proteins and carbohydrates

Structure: Sac-like Plant cells have one

large central vacuole Animal cells have

many small vacuoles

Page 30: Cell Structure and Function. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

Mitochondria - Energy

Function: Convert chemical

energy in food into materials easier for the cell to use.

Structure: Enclosed by two

membranes with the inner membrane folded up.

Contains it’s own DNA (unlike other organelles) that is identical to your mother’s!

Page 31: Cell Structure and Function. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

Chloroplasts – Energy in Plants

Function: Captures energy from the

sun (solar energy) and changes it into food (chemical energy) for plants (photosynthesis)

Structure: Surrounded by two

membranes Contains own genetic

information like mitochondria

Contains green pigment called chlorophyll

Not found in animal cells!

Page 32: Cell Structure and Function. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

With your neighbor, list similarities and differences between mitochondria and chloroplasts. Be prepared to share with the class.

Page 33: Cell Structure and Function. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

Cytoskeleton- structure and support

Function: Helps maintain cell

shape Helps with

movement of the cell (i.e. flagella and cilia)

Structure: Two types:

microfilaments and microtubules

Page 34: Cell Structure and Function. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

Cell Membrane

Function: Regulates what enters

and leaves the cell Provides protection

and support Structure:

Double membrane called a lipid bilayer

Flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings

Page 35: Cell Structure and Function. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

Cell Wall

Function: Provides support and

protection for the cell

Structure: Lies outside the cell

membrane Found in plants,

algae, fungi and many bacteria

NOT FOUND IN ANIMAL CELLS!

Page 36: Cell Structure and Function. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

Individually, write down 3 differences between plant and animal cells.

Page 37: Cell Structure and Function. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know? What have you learned?

KWL - The Cell:Your ticket out the door

What do you know?

What do you want to know?

What have you learned?

1. Circle information that you heard in today’s notes

2. Asterik (*) next to questions you had answered today

3. Add new information learned