Cell Structure

Cell StructureChapter 7

Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes

Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes

• What do these two categories of cells have in common?

Eukaryotes

• Eukaryotic cells contain membrane bound organelles.

• Organelles: cell structure that performs a specialized function.

Eukaryotes

• 3 Common Features:

• 1) Plasma Membrane

• 2) Cytoplasm

• 3) Nucleus

Eukaryotes: Animal Cell

Cytoplasm

Nucleolus

Nucleus

Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough)

Lysosome

Mitochondria

Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth)

Ribosome

Golgi Apparatus

Chromatin

Golgi Apparatus

Nuclear Pore

Nuclear Envelope

Vacuole

Centrioles

Cell Membrane

Eukaryotes: Animal Cell

Jelly

Bean: ribo- maker

Golf Ball: Brain

Tunnels: Roads/Highways

Lys: To Split

Mighty: Powerhouse

Tunnels: Roads/Highways

Dots: Protein maker

GA: Go Away (UPS)

Spaghetti: DNA

GA: Go Away (UPS)

Holes

Outside of Golf Ball

Vacuum: food + trash

Sticks: Repro

Outside Cell: Squishy

Eukaryotes: Plant Cell

Cytoplasm

Nucleolus Nucleus

Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough)

MitochondriaEndoplasmic Reticulum (smooth)

Ribosome

Golgi Apparatus

Chromatin

Chloroplast

Nuclear Pore

Nuclear Envelope

Vacuole

Centrioles

Cell Wall

Eukaryotes: Plant Cell

Jelly

Bean: Ribo- maker

“Brain”Tunnels: Roads/Highways

Mighty: PowerhouseTunnels: Roads/Highways

Dots: Protein Maker

GA: Go Away (UPS)

Spaghetti: DNA

Light Energy

Holes

Outside of Golf Ball

Vacuum: Food + Trash

Sticks: Repro

Outside Cell: Hard

Prokaryotes: BacteriaCilia/Flagella

Cytoplasm

Ribosome

Chromatin

Cell Wall

Prokaryotes: BacteriaHairs: Propellers

Jelly

Dots: Protein Maker

Spaghetti: DNA

Outside Cell: Hard

Animal Cells vs. Plant Cells

• Plant cells have 3 structures that animal cells do not:

• 1) Cell Wall

• 2) Vacuoles

• 3) Plastids (chloroplasts)

Animal Cells vs. Plant Cells

http://bp0.blogger.com/_4VOt8S8VNL0/R8F2tGlROWI/AAAAAAAAABA/Ar828_ym8Sc/s1600-h/Plant+Cell.gif

Plasma Membrane

http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0078802849/student_view0/unit2/chapter7/section2/self-check_quizzes-english.html

Plasma Membrane• Outer covering of the cell

• Holds the cell together

• Protects contents

• Gives cell shape

• Regulates passage (selectively permeable)

• Regulates entrances and exits (selectively permeable)

Cell Wall

• Surrounds the cell membrane for protection and support

• Inflexible barrier

• Found in plant cells, bacteria, fungi, and some protists

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/plantcell.html

Cytoplasm

• All processes occur here

• Semi-fluid material inside the cell (gelatin)

• Contains organelles

http://www.learner.org/courses/essential/life/session1/closer1.html

Mitochondria• Powerhouse (makes energy

for the cell - cellular respiration)

• Two membranes (inner has many folds)

• Produces ATP (energy)

• Has own DNA

• Found in large numbers in cells that require a lot of energy

http://kdsell.pbworks.com/w/page/5722456/Mitochondria-The%20powerhouse

Chloroplast• Found only in plant

cells

• Contain green pigment (chlorophyll)

• Absorbs energy from the sun to convert CO2 and H2O into sugar (photosynthesis)

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/chloroplasts/chloroplasts.html

Nucleus• Function:

• Command center

• Instructions for making proteins

• Structure:

• Double membrane

• Holes (nuclear pores)

• Nucleolus (ribosomes made)

•Holds genetic information

•Chromosomes and DNA

http://kconline.kaskaskia.edu/bcambron/Biology%20117/Cells.htm

Nuclear Membrane

• Nuclear envelope

• Membrane surrounding nucleus

• Regulates passage of materials between nucleus and cytoplasm

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/nucleus/nucleus.html

Lysosome• Contain enzymes

necessary for digesting certain materials in the cell

• Formed by Golgi Apparatus

• Digest and recycle cells used components

http://kvhs.nbed.nb.ca/gallant/biology/lysosome.jpg

Vacuole• Store water,

nutrients (salts,proteins, carbohydrates), and waste materials

• If present in animal cells, they are much smaller than in plant cells

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/plants/vacuole.html

Ribosomes

• Site of protein synthesis

• Found attached to ER or floating in cytoplasm

• Most numerous organelle

http://chaiyahong.blogspot.com/

http://accelbiosbhs.glogster.com/ribosomes/

Endoplasmic Reticulum• Membrane system of

sacs and tunnels

• Transportation system for molecules

• Stores proteins

• Rough ER: has ribosomes attached

• Smooth ER: has no attached ribosomes

http://accelbiosbhs.glogster.com/Endoplasmic-Reticulum/

Golgi Apparatus

• Processing center (packaging and secretion)

• Stacks of membranes

• Movement of proteins

• Modifies, packages, collects, and distributes molecules

http://www.sciencecontrol.com/golgi-apparatus-function.html

Cilia

• Short, hair-like projections

• Used to move cell or move harmful substances away from the cell

http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/bio%20101/bio%20101%20lectures/cells/cells.htm

Flagella

• Long, whip-like projections

• Used to move cell or move harmful substances away from the cell

http://sp.uconn.edu/~terry/229sp03/lectures/structure.html