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Cell Reproduction Two types of reproduction:
Mitosis: Purpose = produces regular body cells for growth and repair
Meiosis: Purpose = produces sex cells only
http://tbn2.google.com/images?q=tbn:spK6vnBHuv7DlM:http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif
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Cell Cycle
Interphase Mitosis
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
Cytokinesis
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MEIOSIS A different type of cell division!
Only occurs for the purpose of producing gametes (= sex cells)
Only occurs in reproductive organs (Animals = testes and ovaries)
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Meiosis Each chromosome
begins meiosis by finding its match to make a pair
1 chromosome in each pair comes from the father and 1 from the mother
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Meiosis A matching pair of chromosomes is called
HOMOLOGOUS (= the same) Homologous chromosomes contain genes
for the same traits
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Meiosis v.s. MitosisProphase 1 of Meiosis: Homologous chromosomes line up together = TETRAD
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Meiosis vs. Mitosis Homologous chromosomes are
the same size their centromeres are in the same position they have the same number of genes, arranged in the
same order.
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Meiosis v.s. Mitosis Chromosomes swap
alleles during Prophase 1.
Swapping alleles = crossing over
This increases genetic diversity NO two people are exactly alike
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Meiosis v.s. Mitosis Meiosis - Number of Daughter Cells =
FOUR Mitosis – Number of Daughter Cells = TWO
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Meiosis v.s. Mitosis
In meiosis each daughter cell has HALF the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
In mitosis each daughter cell has the SAME number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
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Meiosis, What’s the big deal? • Meiosis is the reason that in
sexually reproducing organisms• genetic information varies
between parent and offspring,• Genetic information varies
between offspring from the same parents.
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• Ensures genetic variation, which is essential for evolution.
• The genes/traits of a species change from generation to generation.
Meiosis
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MEIOSIS: to make sex cells with half the
original DNA.
Parent cell
4 daughter cells with half of DNA from parent cell
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Mitosis vs. Meiosis
Parent cell
2 daughter cells with identical DNA to parent cell
4 daughter cells with half of DNA from parent cell
Parent cell
4 gametes
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Vocabulary for Bio Somatic cell: a body cell that has the organisms
complete diploid set of chromosomes. Diploid = a cell that contains both sets of homologous
chromosomes from the parent.
Gamete: sex cell, sperm or egg cell containing the haploid set of chromosomes Haploid = a cell containing 1 set of genes
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In Humans
46 chromosomes in somatic (body) cells 23 chromosomes in sperm cells and egg cells
(gametes). During fertilization a sperm fertilizes an egg
producing a zygote with 46 chromosomes. Through the process of MITOSIS the zygote
grows and develops into a human baby.
http://www.miscarriage.com.au/images/pages/karyotype_normal.jpg
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AND FINALLY Mitosis: results in two daughter cells with
identical chromosomes and the exact same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Meiosis: results in four cells with different chromosomes and half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell*.