CELL PHONE TECHNOLOGY 3G & 4G- Nikhil Malik - 7152
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CELL PHONE TECHNOLOGY 3G & 4G-
Nikhil Malik - 7152
INTRODUCTION -
You are on your way out of your home. Suddenly, you turn around and dash
inside. You left something you definitely can't
go out without! Is it your wallet? Well, that may top the list, but what
comes next is indisputable - Your Cell Phone.
Most adults nowadays have a cell phone.
This is one of the needs that the modern world now has. And with all of the innovations that now flood the markets, sometimes you are dazzled at how far the cell phone technology has gone.
HISTORY - The cell phone could be traced as far back as
1947 when the researchers observed the use of car phones.
So, technically speaking, the crudest form of cell phone was the first mobile car phone.
And in a way, a cell phone is much like a two-way radio.
In the past, there was a massive community of mobile radio users who sort of popularized the technology that would give birth to the modern cell phone.
Back then, these researchers thought that they could develop a more of a 'mobile phone’ by the use of small cells but ‘The Federal Communications Commission’ had not free the airwaves yet.
AT&T wanted to develop the technology but FCC limited the frequencies.
The development of cell phones had to be shelved.
It was not until 1968 that the FCC reconsidered everything. They proposed a challenge that when a mobile phone system that really works is introduced, then they would increase the allocation of frequencies.
It did work and the rest, as the saying goes, is history.
INVENTION -
Although the history of the cell phone could be attested to this.
Perhaps the first known Inventor of a mobile handset was Dr. Martin Cooper.
Cooper worked for Motorola as a General Manager for the Systems Division and was able to develop the cell phone technology along with this colleagues Richard W. Dronsuth, Albert J. Mikulski, Charles N. Lynk, James J. Mikulski, John F. Mitchell, Roy A. Richardson and John A. Sangster.
Although it is Dr Cooper who is widely recognized for fathering the cell phone usage, it wasn't entirely an original idea of his.
His rival, Joel Engel who was then the head of the researches at AT&T Bell Labs was the first to develop the electronic components of cellular technology.
EXISTENCE - It was in 1973 that the first cell phone call
was made.
Despite the demand for this type of technology, it took 37 years before the United States had commercial availability.
By 1987, there was a bottleneck of communication. The users were simply too numerous for the existing allowed frequencies.
WHAT IS A MOBILE? A cellular phone is a portable telephone
that does not use a wired connection. It connects to a wireless carrier network using radio waves.
Cellular phone is a portable telephone that does not use a wired connection.
A cellular phone network uses a number of short-range radio transmitter-receivers to communicate.
INSIDE A CELL PHONE -
Parts of A Cell Phone -
A Microscopic Microphone
A Speaker
An LCD or Plasma Display
An Antenna
A Battery
An amazing circuit board containing the guts of the phone
MAIN USES OF CELL PHONE -
Voice calling
Voice mail
Messaging
Mobile content
Gaming
Personalize Your Phone – Playing Music
FEATURES OF A CELL PHONE - A network carrier is necessary to use cell
phone. Mobile phones include an alarm. Can also send and receive data and faxes
send short messages. Provide full Internet access. Allow for sending and receiving pictures.
Sound and video recording is often also possible.
Push to talk, available on some mobile phones.
Downloadable ring tones and logos, are also possible.
3G & 4G -
WIRELESS - • Wireless is the transfer of information
over a distance without the use of electrical conductors or wires.
• The distances involved may be short (a few meters as in television remote control) or long (thousands or millions of kilometers for radiocommunications).
WHY WIRELESS - • Delivers real time information.
• Helps in quick and accurate decision making.
• Continuous supply of information whenever needed.
• Increases productivity.
• Reduces costs via more accurate and timely data capture.
• Incorporate professionalism in the working in the organization.
3RD GENERATION -
• 3G wireless technology represents the convergence of various 2G wireless telecommunications systems into a single global system that includes both terrestrial and satellite components.
• 3G High-speed, mobile supports video and other rich media, always-on transmission for e-mail, Web browsing, instant messaging.
• It is based on the International Telecommunication Union (ITU2000) family of standards Services include wide-area wireless voice telephony, video calls, and broadband wireless data, all in a mobile environment.
3G FEATURES -
• Global Roaming.
• Send and Receive E-Mail Messages.
• High Speed Web.
• Superior Voice Quality.
• Tele/Video Conferencing.
• Electronic agenda meeting reminder.
• 3d Animation Games.
• Website creating Using Mobile Phones.
4TH GENERATION -
It is a frame work for to meet the need of a universal highspeed wireless networks.
It supports Interact multimedia services such as Tele conferrencing. Wireless Internet over wide bandwidth with higher data
rate.
It will for reasonable low cost than previous Generation.
Still in the cloud of ITU and IEEE of 3GPP LTE from UMTS and WI –MAX.
4G FEATURES - • Entirely Packet Switched Network• All Networks are Digital• Higher bandwidth at Low cost (up to 100 mbps)• Tight Network Security
Potential Application :• Virtual Presence• Virtual Navigation• Tele Medicine• Tele geo-Processing• Crisis- management application• Education purpose
802.11a/g
1995 2000
200 Mbps
~ 14.4 kbps
50 Mbps
144 kbps
2010+
384 kbps
2005
2G
(Digital)1G
(Analog)
2.4 GHzWLAN
802.11b
4G4G
PAN
5 GHzWLAN
3G
(IMT2000)Fast
Slow
1Gbps
OFDMA
CDMA
5 GHzWLAN
802.11n
WiBro
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