Cell Parts and Functions 1590- invention of the microscope made it possible to look at very small objects (Janssen) 1663- Robert Hooke observed cells.

Cell Parts and Functions

• 1590- invention of the microscope made it possible to look at very small objects (Janssen)

• 1663- Robert Hooke observed cells in a piece of cork.

• 1674 Leeuwenhoek viewed single celled organisms from a pond and observed the first bacteria.

• 1838 Schleiden, a German scientist, concluded that all plants are made from cells

• 1839 Schwann, a German scientist concluded that all animals are made from cells

• 1855 Virchow proposed that all new cells come from cells that already exist.

Cell Theory

• All living things are composed of cells.

• Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.

• All cells are produced from other cells.

Structure

• Structure- what it is made of and how it is put together. – Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems– Brain cell, brain tissue, brain, nervous system– Different organs work together to form an

organ system (brain, spinal cord, nerves, glands, muscles)

Function• Function- are processes that allow an

organism to stay alive and reproduce.– Obtaining oxygen, getting rid of waste,

obtaining food, growth– Organs and organ systems work together to

accomplish different functions.– Your respiratory system works to bring in

oxygen while it is the circulatory system that distributes the oxygen to all the cells in the body.

How Big are Cells?

• One square centimeter of your skin contains more than 100,000 cells.

• Are all cells the same size?

• http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/scale/

• Are all cells the same size?

Cell Membrane• “Gatekeeper” of cell• Has pores in it• Controls the movement of

material• 3 layers – fat layer between

two proteins

Cell membrane is like a guard.

Cytoplasm

• Most of the cell

• Where cell materials are produced

• Made of a jellylike substance

Cytoplasm is like the factory building

Nucleus

• Controls cell activity

• The “Brains” of the cell

The Nucleus is like the Boss’ office

Nuclear Membrane

• Same make up as the cell membrane

• Controls movement of materials into the nucleus

The Nuclear Membrane is like the boss’ secretary

Nucleolus

• Where the genetic material (DNA) is housed

The Nucleolus is like the boss

Mitochondrion

• The “Powerhouse of the cell

• Involved in changes that release energy for the cell

Mitochondria are like the power plants of the cell.

Ribosomes• Proteins are made

there

Ribosomes are like the stations on an assembly line.

Endoplasmic Reticulum• Network of tubes

that connect the cell and nuclear membrane.

• Moves materials through the cell.

Endoplasmic Reticulum is like an assembly line.

Vacuole• Holds water and

dissolved materials

A vacuole is like the warehouse

Golgi body• Where the proteins

are packaged

The Golgi body is like the final inspection station/wrapping department

Lysosomes• The “Garbagemen” of the

cell• Digests harmful substance

and cleans the cell

The lysosomes are like the custodians

Cell wall• Nonliving layer

surrounding the cell membrane

• Provides shape and support

• Found only in plants

The cell wall is like the outer fence.

Chloroplasts• Contains

chlorophyll

• Found mostly in leaves

• Used by the plant to make food

The chloroplasts are like the cafeteria.

The End