Cell line

Cell culture and maintenance-

“Cell Lines Used In Screening Techniques”

Submitted To- Presented By-Mrs. Jyothi Y. Bhavya RewariAsst. Proff., Dept. of Pharmacology M.Pharm, Ist year, Pharmacology

Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, Bangalore

Contents

•Cell line•Types of tissue culture•Primary cultures•Continuous cell lines•Cell types•Human cell lines•Animal cell lines•Applications

Cell line• A cell line is a permanently established cell culture that

will proliferate indefinitely given appropriate fresh medium and space

• A cell culture developed from a single cell and therefore consisting of cells with a uniform genetic make-up

• There is presence of several cell linkage either similar or distinct

• Generally stem cells are used in this culture

•After the subculture, the primary culture becomes a cell line & may be propagated & sub cultured several times

•Some species, particularly rodents, give rise to lines relatively easily, whereas other species do not

• No cell lines have been produced from avian tissues and the establishment of cell lines from human tissue is difficult

Types of tissue culture

Primary

Continuous

Finite

Indefinite

Normal cells cultured without any change in their division rate

Single cell type roughly thirty times of division, enhanced by growth factors

It is nearly the same as finite but the cells here can divide indefinitely by transformation into tumor cells, They are called cell line

Cell line

Normal

Transformed

Stem cell

Taken from a tumor tissue and cultured as a single cell type

Normal cells underwent a genetic change to be tumor cells

They are Master Cells that generate Other differentiated cell types

Primary cultures•Cells when surgically or enzymatically

removed from an organism and placed in suitable culture environment will attach and grow and are called as primary culture

•Primary cells have a finite life span

•Primary culture contains a very heterogeneous population of cells

•Sub culturing of primary cells leads to the generation of cell lines

•Cell lines have limited life span, they passage several times before they become senescent

•Cells such as macrophages and neurons do not divide in vitro so can be used as primary cultures

Continuous cell lines

•Most cell lines grow for a limited number of generations after which they cease

•Cell lines which either occur spontaneously or induced virally are chemically transformed into continous cell lines

•Characteristics of continuous cell lines-

A. Smaller, more rounded, less adherent with a higher nucleus /cytoplasm ratio

B. Fast growthC. Grow more in suspension conditionsD. Ability to grow up to higher cell densityE. Stop expressing tissue specific genes

Cell types

On the basis of morphology (shape & appearance) or on their functional characteristics. They are divided into three.

•Epithelial like- Attached to a substrate and appears flattened and polygonal in shape

•Lymphoblast like- Cells do not attach, remain in suspension with a spherical shape

•Fibroblast like- Cells attached to a substrate, appear elongated and bipolar

Human cell lines

FEATURES FINITE CONTINUOUS

ploidy Diploid Heteroploid

Transformation Normal Transformed

Anchorage Dependence

Yes NO

Density limitation of growth

Yes NO

Mode of Growth Monolayer Monolayer of suspension

Maintenance Cyclic Steady state

Serum Requirement

High Low

Cloning Efficiency Low High

Markers Tissue Specific Chromosomal, Enzymic

Virus susceptibility, Differentiation

May be retained Often lost

Growth rate Slow (24-96) hr Rapid (12-24) hr

Yield Low (106 cells/ml) High (106 cells/ml)

Control features Generation number

Strain characteristics

Cell lines

Animal cell lines and products

CELL LINE PRODUCT

Human Tumor Angiogenic Factor

Human Leucocytes Interferon

Mouse fibroblasts Interferon

Human Kidney Urokinase

Duck Embryo Fluid Vaccines for Rabies & Rubella

Human Kidney Cells Human Protein

Applications • Screening of the anti cancerous drug• Cell based bioassay• To determine the cytotoxicity• In vitro screening of several drugs• Production of antiviral vaccines• Cancer research , which required the study of

uncontrolled cell division in cultures• Cell fusion techniques• Genetic manipulation• Study of the effects of toxins & pollutants using

cell lines• Study of the function of nerve cells• Chromosome analysis of cells derived from womb

References • http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Cell_line• http://www.aun.edu.eg/gembc/Liver%20cell

%20culture/cell%20line%20lect..pdf• http://amrita.vlab.co.in/?

sub=3&brch=188&sim=331&cnt=1• Yadav P. 1, Yadav A. 1, Yadav M. 2, Jain S. 3, Hariom

Yadav3 ,Nagpal R. 4 et al.Basics of Cell Culture1Department of Animal Biotechnology, 3Animal Biochemistry Division and 4Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001 (Haryana), India; 2SOS in Chemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior-474011, M.P., India