LO LO At the end of session student At the end of session student should be able to should be able to Enlist causes of cell injury Enlist causes of cell injury Identify effect of injurious Identify effect of injurious agents on cell cytoplasm and agents on cell cytoplasm and nucleus nucleus
34
Embed
Cell Injury and Cell Death. LO At the end of session student should be able to At the end of session student should be able to Enlist causes of cell injury.
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
LOLO
At the end of session student should At the end of session student should be able tobe able to
Enlist causes of cell injuryEnlist causes of cell injury Identify effect of injurious agents on Identify effect of injurious agents on
cell cytoplasm and nucleuscell cytoplasm and nucleus
Oxygen DeprivationOxygen Deprivation
Hypoxia – Hypoxia – deficiency of oxygendeficiency of oxygen Ischemia – Ischemia – loss of blood supplyloss of blood supply
(arterial flow or reduced venous (arterial flow or reduced venous drainage) drainage)
Causes of Cell InjuryCauses of Cell Injury
Physical AgentsPhysical Agents
Mechanical traumaMechanical trauma Extremes of temperature – Extremes of temperature – burnsburns, ,
deep colddeep cold RadiationRadiation Electric shockElectric shock
Causes of Cell InjuryCauses of Cell Injury
Chemical Agents and DrugsChemical Agents and Drugs
Hypertonic concentration of salt – Hypertonic concentration of salt – deranging electrolyte homeostasisderanging electrolyte homeostasis
PoisonsPoisons –– arsenic, cyanide, or arsenic, cyanide, or mercuric saltsmercuric salts
Insecticides and HerbicidesInsecticides and Herbicides Air pollutant – Air pollutant – carbon monoxidecarbon monoxide Occupational hazard – Occupational hazard – asbestosasbestos Alcohol and Narcotic drugsAlcohol and Narcotic drugs
Mechanisms of Cell InjuryMechanisms of Cell Injury Depletion of ATPDepletion of ATP Mitochondrial DamageMitochondrial Damage Influx of Intracellular Calcium and Loss of Influx of Intracellular Calcium and Loss of
Calcium HomeostasisCalcium Homeostasis Accumulation of Oxygen-Derived free Accumulation of Oxygen-Derived free
radical (radical (Oxidative stressOxidative stress)) Defects in Membrane PermeabilityDefects in Membrane Permeability
Mechanisms of Cell InjuryMechanisms of Cell Injury
Depletion of ATPDepletion of ATP
Na+K+ATPase (Na-pump), Ca2+Mg2+ ATPases (Ca-pump)
CausesCauses
Hypoxia, Ischemia
Chemical Injury
Membrane transport
Protein synthesis, Lipogenesis etc
ATP
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Mechanisms of Cell InjuryMechanisms of Cell Injury
Depletion of ATPDepletion of ATP
Mitochondrial DamageMitochondrial DamageMechanisms of Cell InjuryMechanisms of Cell Injury
CausesCauses
Hypoxia, Toxins
Cytosolic Ca2+
Oxidative stress
Lipid breakdown product
Mitochondrial DamageMitochondrial DamageMechanisms of Cell InjuryMechanisms of Cell Injury
• Mitochondrial permeability transition of inner membrane (formation of high-conductance high-conductance channelchannel)
• Leakage of Cytochrome cCytochrome c into cytosol
ATP productionATP production
Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation
Mechanisms of Cell InjuryMechanisms of Cell Injury
Mitochondrial Mitochondrial DamageDamage
Influx of Intracellular Calcium Influx of Intracellular Calcium and Loss of Calcium and Loss of Calcium
HomeostasisHomeostasis
Mechanisms of Cell InjuryMechanisms of Cell Injury
Mechanisms of Cell InjuryMechanisms of Cell Injury
Accumulation of Oxygen-Accumulation of Oxygen-Derived Free Radicals Derived Free Radicals
(Oxidative Stress)(Oxidative Stress) The Oxidation-Reduction reaction The Oxidation-Reduction reaction
Mechanisms of Cell InjuryMechanisms of Cell Injury
HH220022 OHOH--OHOHFe3+Fe2+
“Fenton reaction”
Lipid peroxidation of MembranesLipid peroxidation of Membranes
- Plasma membrane- Plasma membrane
- Organellar membrane- Organellar membrane
Accumulation of Oxygen-Derived Free Accumulation of Oxygen-Derived Free Radicals (Oxidative Stress)Radicals (Oxidative Stress)
Mechanisms of Cell InjuryMechanisms of Cell Injury
Effects of the free radicals on cell injuryEffects of the free radicals on cell injury
Double bonds in Double bonds in unsaturated fattyunsaturated fatty acids acids
membrane damagemembrane damage
Accumulation of Oxygen-Derived Free Accumulation of Oxygen-Derived Free Radicals (Oxidative Stress)Radicals (Oxidative Stress)
Mechanisms of Cell InjuryMechanisms of Cell Injury
Effects of the free radicalsEffects of the free radicals Oxidative modification of proteinsOxidative modification of proteins --Oxidation of amino acid side chainsOxidation of amino acid side chains
Protein-protein cross-linkagesProtein-protein cross-linkages --Oxidation of the protein backboneOxidation of the protein backbone
Protein fragmentationProtein fragmentation
Accumulation of Oxygen-Derived Free Accumulation of Oxygen-Derived Free Radicals (Oxidative Stress)Radicals (Oxidative Stress)
Mechanisms of Cell InjuryMechanisms of Cell Injury
Effects of the free radicalsEffects of the free radicals Lesions in DNALesions in DNA
Reaction with Reaction with ThymineThymine
DNA single-stranded breakDNA single-stranded break