Regulation of Cell Number Cell cycle and apoptosis Rina Susilowati Department of Histology and Cell Biology Faculty of Medicine Gadjah Mada University
Nov 11, 2015
Regulation of Cell NumberCell cycle and apoptosisRina SusilowatiDepartment of Histology and Cell Biology Faculty of Medicine Gadjah Mada University
Regulation of Cell NumberCell cycle and apoptosisKey Concepts Normal cell proliferation is modulated by cell cycle regulation.
Apoptosis is a normal self-destruction mechanism that eliminates damaged and potentially harmful cells.
Signaling systems permit proliferation and apoptosis to be coordinated within a population of cells.
Many of the classes of genes that are mutated to cause cancers are important components of the cell that directly or indirectly contribute to growth control and differentiation.
Junquiera Basic Histology (Courtesy of R Manelli-Oliveira, R Cabado, and G Machado-Santelli.)InterphaseProphaseMetaphaseAnaphaseEarly telophaseTelophase
Normal cell proliferation is modulated by cell cycle regulation.
Phases of the cell cycle in bone tissue. Junqueira Basic Histology
Observation of cell culture systeminhibitedNutrient deprivation
Contact inhibition
Exposure to inhibitors of RNA or protein synthesis
Complete development and differentiation
InducedGrowth factor signals
cell cycle
Extracellular factorTranscription factorGene ExpressionCell Cycle regulatorExtracellular signals activate or inhibit cell proliferationOncogeneTumor suppressor
Figure 8.3b The Biology of Cancer ( Garland Science 2007)Cell cycleNormal cell proliferation is modulated by cell cycle regulation. Cell differentiation
The Biology of Cancer ( Garland Science 2007)External regulationInternal regulationCell cycleNormal cell proliferation is modulated by cell cycle regulation.
Normal cell proliferation is modulated by cell cycle regulation. The Biology of Cancer ( Garland Science 2007)Cyclin
Normal cell proliferation is modulated by cell cycle regulation. The Biology of Cancer ( Garland Science 2007)Cyclin cyclin dependent kinase (CDK)CDK substratesTranscription factor gene expression
Histone chromatin condensation
Lamin lamin depolimerization
Normal cell proliferation is modulated by cell cycle regulation. The Biology of Cancer ( Garland Science 2007)Different combination of Cyclin and Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) are needed for each phase of cell cycle
Normal cell proliferation is modulated by cell cycle regulation. Different combination of Cyclin and Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) are needed for each phase of cell cycle
Normal cell proliferation is modulated by cell cycle regulation. Passage through the restriction point depends on activation of E2F Transcription factors
Normal cell proliferation is modulated by cell cycle regulation. Cyclin-kinase inhibitor contribute to cell-cycle control
Normal cell proliferation is modulated by cell cycle regulation. The Biology of Cancer ( Garland Science 2007)
What makes a cell decide to commit suicide?A normal physiological response to specific suicide signals or lack of survival signals
Apoptosis - Falling off - Programmed cell death cell suicide
Cytoplasmic shrinks without membrane rupture
To be engulfed by phagocytes
No spllilage, no inflammation
Apoptosis is a normal self-destruction mechanism
Caspases are central executioner of apoptosisCaspase: Cysteine Aspartate Specific ProteASEs
Apoptosis is a normal self-destruction mechanism
Mitochondrial pathwayApoptosis is a normal self-destruction mechanismInduced byDNA damageGrowth deprivation
Death receptor pathwayApoptosis is a normal self-destruction mechanism
Apoptosis is a normal self-destruction mechanismGranzyme pathway
Cell apoptosis can be induced either through caspase-2 or caspase-3 activationApoptosis is a normal self-destruction mechanism
Signaling systems permit proliferation and apoptosis to be coordinated within a population of cells
Signaling system alter the activation of cyclin-CDK inhibitorSignaling system coordinate proliferation and apoptosis
Signaling system coordinate proliferation and apoptosisGrowth factors are recognized by tyrosine kinase receptors
Signaling system coordinate proliferation and apoptosisGrowth factors are recognized by tyrosine kinase receptors
Normal cell proliferation is modulated by cell cycle regulation. The Biology of Cancer ( Garland Science 2007)
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