Cell Biology Unit One. Cell Measurements Micrometer (micron) –one millionth of a meter.

Cell BiologyCell BiologyUnit OneUnit One

Cell MeasurementsCell Measurements

Micrometer (micron) –one millionth of Micrometer (micron) –one millionth of a metera meter

Cell Cell MeasurementMeasurement

ss

Nanometer Nanometer (millimicron) –(millimicron) –

one billionth of a one billionth of a metermeter

Robert Robert HookeHooke

Antoine van Antoine van LeeuwenhoekLeeuwenhoek

Robert BrownRobert Brown

Matthias SchleidenMatthias Schleiden

Theodor SchwannTheodor Schwann

Karl NageliKarl Nageli

Rudolf VirchowRudolf Virchow

The Cell TheoryThe Cell Theory

All organisms consist of one or All organisms consist of one or more cellsmore cells

The cell is the basic unit of The cell is the basic unit of lifelife

All cells arise from pre-All cells arise from pre-existing cellsexisting cells

Cell Cell Biology Biology

FoundatiFoundationsons

BiochemistryBiochemistry

CytologyCytology

GeneticsGenetics

Cell Biology Cell Biology FoundationsFoundations

CytologyCytology- the study of the structure of- the study of the structure of the cell (300+ years old)the cell (300+ years old)

- improved microscopy has - improved microscopy has led led to the discovery of cell to the discovery of cell structures and functions structures and functions - led to the discipline of led to the discipline of histology histology

Cell Biology Cell Biology FoundationsFoundations

BiochemistryBiochemistry

- the chemistry of organisms the chemistry of organisms (200 years old)(200 years old)

- discovery that organics are discovery that organics are produced from inorganicsproduced from inorganics

- discovery of enzymesdiscovery of enzymes

Cell Biology Cell Biology FoundationsFoundations

BiochemistryBiochemistry

- discovery of metabolic discovery of metabolic pathwayspathways

- discovery and use of discovery and use of improved improved methods and equipmentmethods and equipment

Cell Biology Cell Biology FoundationsFoundations

GeneticsGenetics

- the function of genes and - the function of genes and flow of information from one flow of information from one generation to the next (150 generation to the next (150 years old)years old)

- Mendel’s pioneering work in Mendel’s pioneering work in the 1860’sthe 1860’s

Cell Biology Cell Biology FoundationsFoundations

GeneticsGenetics- identification of identification of chromosomes chromosomes and the chromosome theory and the chromosome theory of of heredityheredity- DNA the major component DNA the major component of of chromosomeschromosomes- discovery and role of genesdiscovery and role of genes

Cell Biology Cell Biology FoundationsFoundations

GeneticsGenetics

- Watson & Crick DNA modelWatson & Crick DNA model

- cracking the genetic codecracking the genetic code

- development of development of recombinant recombinant DNA technology, DNA DNA technology, DNA sequencing, cloning, etc.sequencing, cloning, etc.

The Compound Light The Compound Light MicroscopeMicroscope

The Compound Light The Compound Light MicroscopeMicroscope

Phase-Contrast MicroscopyPhase-Contrast Microscopy

Differential Interference Differential Interference Contrast MicroscopyContrast Microscopy

Fluorescence MicroscopyFluorescence Microscopy

Electron MicroscopesElectron Microscopes

Electron Electron MicroscopesMicroscopes

Transmission Electron Transmission Electron MicroscopesMicroscopes

Transmission Electron Transmission Electron Microscopy ImagesMicroscopy Images

Scanning Electron Scanning Electron MicroscopesMicroscopes

Scanning Electron Scanning Electron Microscopy ImagesMicroscopy Images

Electron Microscopy Electron Microscopy Preparation Tools and Preparation Tools and

TechniquesTechniques

Ultra microtomeUltra microtome Negative StainingNegative Staining

Electron Microscopy Electron Microscopy Preparation Tools and Preparation Tools and

TechniquesTechniques

Freeze FracturingFreeze Fracturing ShadowingShadowing

Other Cell Biology Other Cell Biology TechniquesTechniques

CentrifugationCentrifugation - read Box 12A pages 322-326- read Box 12A pages 322-326

ChromatographyChromatography - read pages 164-165- read pages 164-165

ElectrophoresisElectrophoresis - read page 176, diagram 177- read page 176, diagram 177