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Cell biology 2Cell biology 2- Organization of the Cell- Organization of the Cell
Cell biology 2Cell biology 2- Organization of the Cell- Organization of the Cell
Contents Clinical Case Why should we learn about cells? Cell Structure Tools of the Cell Biologist Clinical Case Discussion
Clinical Case Patient: Cat, domestic shorthair, 3 years old Presenting Signs and Complaints: Gone for 1
0 days, returned showing labored breathing Shallow rapid respirations: no lung sounds a
usculated; dull chest on percussion Radiograph: Bilateral fluid in chest Problem List: 1. Fluid in chest. 2. Dyspnea
Why should we learn about cells?
To obtain passing grades in histology, pathology, biochemistry, etc
The pathologic changes were due to malfunctions in cells.
Rudolph Ludwig Carl Virchow, 1821–1902
Why should we learn about cells?
Increased knowledge of cells and disease will lead to clinical advances such as new vaccines, immunomodulatory drugs that either heighten or suppress the activity of the immune system, new drugs for fighting viral infections and specifically for destroying cancerous growths, more effective diagnostic reagents, and, perhaps, the ability to replace damaged or lacking genes within cells with healthy copies.
Cell Structure
Animal cell structure
ProtoplasmCytoplasmCytosol
Organelles• Nucleus, Mitochondria, ER, Golgi apparatus, L
• About ½ the total volume of the cytoplasm• Cytosol comprises water, ions, amino acids, n
ucleotides, proteins, glucose, ATP, etc.
Mitochondria• Similar to bacteria in size and shape• Contain their own mitochondrial DNA
and making proteins• They reproduce by dividing into two• Contain the machinery for cellular
respiration
ER (Endoplasmic reticulum)
• Consists of flattened sheets, sacs, and tubes of membranes throughout the cytoplasm
• Responsible for protein synthesis (RER) and lipid synthesis (SER)
Golgi apparatus• A stack of flattened sacs• Involved in the modification and
transport of molecules
Lysosomes• Contains enzymes required for
intracellular digestion
Peroxisomes• Membrane-bound organelles• Hydrogen peroxide is generated
and degraded
Cytoskeleton• Gives the cell its shape, its capacity to move,
and its ability to transport organelles and vescles from one part of the cell cytoplasm to another.– Microfilament (7-8 nm)– Intermediate (10 nm)– Microtubules (24nm)– Spectrin-based membrane skeleton
Thank you for your attention ~Thank you for your attention ~