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Jul 08, 2015
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Cell Membranes from Opposing Neurons
What is Cell Membrane?
Both Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic contain the cell membrane
Which Cell Type Contains the Cell Membrane?
Prokaryotic cells have a simple internal structure and no true Nucleus.
The DNA is found in a region of the Cytoplasm called the Nucleoid.
Prokaryotic Bacteria Shell
In Prokaryotic cells the Plasma Membrane surrounds
the cell’s Cytoplasm and regulates the flow of
substances in and out of the cell.
Cytoplasm
Eukaryotic Cells
Plant CellAnimal Cell
Eukaryotic cells have a more complex internal structure to the
prokaryotic cells with many membrane –bound organelles and a
membrane-bound nucleus.
In Eukaryotic cells, the Plasma Membrane surrounds the cell enclosing the cells organelles.
The Functions
The Cell Membrane is a barrier that separates the
intracellular components from the extracellular
environment. Cell Membrane can attach the cell to
the extracellular matrix so cells can combine together
to form tissues. Cell Membrane is semi permeable and
controls the substances that go in and out. Many
proteins are embedded within the membrane, these
proteins have evolved to cope with the problem of
exchanging substances and communicating with the
external environment.
Size
• The thickness of a Cell Membrane ranges from 6-10nm
because of the composition of the membrane which varies cell
to cell. If cells experience colder temperatures than it usually
does the Cell Membrane becomes thicker.
10 x 10^7= 100,000,000nm
How would you calculate the number of
nanometres in 10 cm?
Phospholipids
Proteins
Carbohydrates
COMPOSITION
The Plasma membrane and all membrane
surrounding organelles within the cell are made up
of a double layer called the Phospholipid bilayer.
Phospholipids are different to the common lipid
triglyceride because one of the fatty acids are
replaced with a phosphate group causing one end of
the molecule to be (lipid tail) hydrophobic and the
other hydrophilic (lipid head).
Another lipid called cholesterol is combined with the
Phospholipid molecules and is responsible for the
flexibility of the cell membrane since cholesterol
prevent the lipid tails from forming strong bonds
PHOSPHOLIPIDS
A variety of proteins are embedded within the membrane either resting on the
membrane or penetrating throughout the whole membrane. Protein does a
number of jobs, some of the proteins found within the bilayer allowing
substances to transport across it, both into and out of the cell. protein
molecules also have the ability to receive signals from other cells or from the
extracellular environment and convert the signals to messages for the
organelles inside the cell.
PROTEINS
Carbohydrates are found on the external surface of all eukaryotic cells.
Proteins with carbohydrates attached are called glycoprotein, while
phospholipids with carbohydrates attached are called glycolipids. These
functions in; cell recognition, the ability to distinguish and recognise cells.
CARBOHYDRATES
BIBLIOGRAPHY Nelson Biology VCE Units 1&2 Text book
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