CEG Mainstreaming Solar Electricity Apr2008

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MainstreaMing solar electricity:strategies for states to Build local Markets

C ean Ene gy State P og am Gui

P epa ed byC ean Ene gy G oup and Pe eg ine Ene gy G oup, Inc.

A P r I l 2 0 0 8



Tab e f C ntents

a w m 1f s pp d m 1

ex v s mm 2

i 4

s PV t c e s 7

cesa s v s s M 7

s PV M s pp e m : 2007 8

l M B 9

“B P ” r mm a l M B 11

th P b m: a H h f c l P b PV s m 11g r mm imp m e v s i v P m 12

h a H h f c

e m a Ma sri n - q pm c b 15i c mp

Speci c Recommendations for States to Build Solar Markets 16

1. State Laws and Regulations 16

2. s f P m P 19

r mm eq pm r 243. f l - m P j f 25

4. B c i s 28

5. t x t m PV 31

6. State Construction Policies and Practices 32

7. t 35

8. Marketing and Education 36

c 39

PV M i s v c e s 40

e 53



C l e a n E n e r g y G r o u p l l C l e a n E n e r g y S t a t e P r o g r a m G u i d e

Ac n w edgmentsth p b h p p m xp m mb h c eStates Alliance (CESA), a nonpro t coalition of state clean energy funds and programs. CESAp v m h v m mb w w h h m b

xp m h u s . th h h p , c eg p P e g p, w xp h cesa m mb

p h wh p p h v h b h p

W w h l w B n l b m hp . W h h B k , P sm P w , h h

m p b .

f , p h J h k t p s g p r b e hm s h e h mm “Wh h s P w i c lfrom Google and Salesforce.com” (2006).

th p p h p h c e g p p h p B l b, c e s a v

m mb , h u.s. d p m e .

Financia S pp ts pp h p w p v b c e s a h

d p m e ’ s am i v s s t h o h p j .

Disc aimec e g p, c e s a , P e g p m

b p b h , mp , m , pp , p p h h p . r

this report to any speci c commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark,m , h w , mp m , mm

v b h u s g v m h , b h v m mb

h c e s a . th v w p xp h p b not necessarily state or re ect those of the United States Government or any agency there -

, h v m mb h c e s a .




Executive Summary

th p p v b p h p v m .

t , h u s , ph v (PV) m m ba h h mb PV m b

mp b w w , PV p w h q m , p wh mp J p g m , wh h h v b hp m p v pp PV m . i h u.s., h minstalled PV capacity amounted to 624 MW through the end of 2006. This U.S. total is less

h 25% g m ’ p , p h u.s. h v m h m v b -light and more than 365% of Germany’s population. 1 t , h 1% u.s. b p w .2

th p b m h “ ” h q . M h w hsolar programs have suf cient numbers of installers and distributors with a quality PV product

v b p h h b v h p b . ex -mp h v h m m v xp p m .

n w pp h m w h v .

The problem is on the “buyer” side of the equation where potential purchasers have dif culty justifying the expense of a system due to signi cant rst costs and are further hindered by

v - pp v q m . th b b x b b p mm pp m h m h mp q m

p m p h h - p m

i h p ph v h h mh m m v v , p , p mm b h

mp m w h.

th p mm h b m -m h h h w v :

• Provide Sustained Financial Support for Projects —r z h PV m - h w h p b , - m v m

v p pp

• Establish “PV-Friendly” Laws and Regulations —P mp h v p b pagenda that includes expanded net metering, simpli ed interconnection standards, and

w b p “ - ” h




• Ensure Sensible Program Design —d v p v p m v p m q m h v p h m m p

• Stimulate Long-Term Financing —f - m, v b nancing programs

• Promote “PV-Friendly” Building Codes —P m b p -mitting requirements that speci cally and fairly address the characteristics and require -m PV m

• Walk the Talk —e m v m mm m PV p b b

• Support Training —a v w v pm b pp and certi cation programs to meet the demand for trained technicians

• Promote Education and Marketing —e m p v institutions about the bene ts of PV technologies and pursue cooperative strategies

w PV m

l - m v m h p mm m h p m needed if we are to grow the market and bring about the resulting bene ts to consumers,b , h w m m PV h h

Ma k Sinc ai ,C ean Ene g G pSteve Weisman,Pe eg ine Ene g G p

Ap i 2008




t , m mb h c e sa (cesa), 20 w h

(“ ”), h v p m p h pp h w h ph v m . Wh ? th m

. PV -v m m . PV p w p -

z , w h m w wh h p b

h wh b b h m .PV m h w

b . s h v wh .l PV m j b

h m .

Recent PV Capacity Gr wth ar und the W rld

th h b m w h PV p w w . i p h

i e a (iea) Ph vs m P mm (PVPs) m mb 3 increased by 1,514 megawatts (MW) in 2006 (them p ) wh h 1,448 MWw - . th h capacity to more than 5,690 MW in IEA PVPScountries as of the end of 2006.

o h p w - PV in 2006, 66% of this growth was in Germany (950MW), 20% w J p (285 MW) 7% m

m h u s (108 MW). n h hu.s. 37 MW - p 2006, according to IEA. 4 5

th w iea h mm z w wPV growth from 1992 to 2006.

Introduction

6,000

5,000

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

0

I n s t a l l e d

P V P o w e r

( M W )

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

g -

o -

Wo dwide PV G owth 1992-2006






a m m PV m p h u.s. wh v h w h :

Technology maturity and competitive system

economics

• s h v b p h , p - mp v w h h p wsupply options, and produces suf cient value to

j h v m .

• W b v v b m m m ,

suf cient to alleviate performance-relatedx .

• i w h b

p w b b mp h - h - h q pm

m m .

Effective local distribution networks and an

integrated installation infrastructure

• l p b w p ,p z b m ,

- v h m

v h .

• t p m h h h v h p p

p p h q .

• Favorable system nancing is available frominstallers and suppliers and through nancial

w - x b .

Conducive regulatory environment

• Local installation guidelines are codi ed consistentw h h n e c h building practices; local code enforcement of cials

m w h PV m , v w pp v m m , - p

pp h; p m b

• i mp m

m p w w .

• n m h m m b b m w

z h v p

Current U.S. PV Market Barrierst , m h v bw h PV p v b p h w

h b b v h p . exmp h v h m m v x-

p p m , wpp h m w h v

H w v , h m b m h u.s. m p w. s

are not nding large numbers of prospective pur -h wh v h PV p , h v h -

m h p h , b v

system, and are con dent that the technology willm h p m xp . r h , p

PV m m b justify the purchase due to the signi cant rst

h h h dif cult interconnection requirements. In addition,b PV h m vm m , p p h wh w h v b .

i mp xp h m, h p , c e g p, w h

assistance of Peregrine Energy Group, identi es b mb b

p h mp v m m p b . th mm vw b p

- m m xp PV.




CESA SurVEy oF STATE SolAr MArkETS

Solar PV Today in Clean Energy States

t m mm , h p 2007, c e g p P eg p v cesa-m mb

xp h p p v w h - xp ph v m . a

cesa-m mb p v

pp PV h , m - v p j , p h h -

b - w v p m . th -vey sought to identify speci c “infrastructure”-

v h mp m b h PV

m . tw v p h v :c , c , i , M h ,M , n w J , n w M x , n w y ,oh , o , P v W (h -

“cesa ” h p ).6

am h - pp m h m in the survey were incentives, project nancing,m p b , b

, w ( h w b p m )

( p ),tax treatment of systems, and training and certi -

. a mm b bv p b h b w.

i , p w h hv h ph v m hstates and the speci c objectives and goals of the

-b v . W h w:

There are many c mm n bjectives and

appr aches shared by the states t affect

the future f ph t v ltaic generati n in

their jurisdicti ns.

• obj v p m m v pm h w p

p h .

• Speci c goals cited as most important include m m PV, b h

a workforce of capable and quali ed installers,m v b ,

j b w h.

• M p h h w m

PV m , , v m .

As might be expected, there is c nsiderable

variability between states in the speci c in -

terventi ns and activities used t strengthen

PV markets.

• Differences largely re ect signi cant disparities inh w v b h

v .

• Wh “wh h m mph h b h PV

m ,” p h and project nancing, better q

, mp v m h p , p PV h




ca ct il Ma Mn nJ nM ny 0H or Pa Wi

BuIlDING CoDES

s w PV

i m h b p X X X X XSTATuTES AND rEGulATIoNS

s w i s X X X X X X X X X

s m m PV X X X X X X X X X

n m v b X X X X X X X X X X X X

n m p p p j 1M 2M 4060k 40 2M 80M 10 80M 25 1M 20

r w b P s (rPs) X X X X X X X X X X

RPS solar carve out (variably de ned) X X X X

t m p p X X X X X X X

TAX TrEATMENT oF PVP p x x mp PV X X X X X

P p x x mp mm PV X X X X X

s x x mp PV X X X X X X

s x x mp mm PV X X X X X

STATE FuNDING For PV

c p -b v X X X X X X X X

P m -b v X X X

a - m . p X X X

f - b h X

DEBT FINANCING For PV

Long-term commercial nancing X X

sp m w

r p m X X X

s PV X X

Utility-provided nancing for PV

s

CoNSTruCTIoN PolICIES

PV m -X X

PV X

f pp h X X X X

t h pp h

s pp PV h X X X X X X X X X

TrAINING / CErTIFICATIoN

o - p X X X X X X X X

State PV Ma et S pp t E ements: 2007




w , p p bbuildings, and implementing alternative nanc -

m h m h b -b v .

There was agreement that market-rate PV

installati ns are t c stly t day f r the level

of consumer bene t created.

• ev h mp establishing ongoing, signi cant, long-termPV m h m , wh h - p

v , rPs , -

, pp v m m

v m .

• s w h h m h m

have signi cant numbers of PV installations.• a wh h wh h b v h PV

w b v w v v mq b h

h m mm p w h w b v 10 , w h mb p

p h h m 12 15 .

a mm v h

p .

State PV Ma et S pp t E ements: 2007ca ct il Ma Mn nJ nM ny 0H or Pa Wi

TrAINING / CErTIFICATIoN

V h X X X X X X X X

Training for code of cials X X X X X X Xt h & b X X

Quali ed installer listings X X X X X X X X X

Installer certi cation X X X

MArkETING

P v “h w- ” X X X X X X X X X X

a v mp X X X X X X

c -m w h X X X

s d m X X X X X X X X

s pp X X X X X X X XoTHEr

t b w q X X

B b m

Encourage pre-con gured PV packages X

System rating for size and ef ciency X X X X X

loCAl MArkET BArrIErS

a h h v h v -m h v h v v -

m w, h m bm b b . th



C l e a n E n e r g y G r o u p l 0 l C l e a n E n e r g y S t a t e P r o g r a m G u i d e

• Poor system economics: th - v of PV systems remains high, the signi cant cost

m mp , w -b p h b

realize suf cient return to justify their investment.

a - w m, b h p z PV m, q v -

m v $25,000.

• Lack of long-term nancing mechanisms:P b PV m

v b m z v period, consistent with system cash ows. Mostb m p b m

h pp .

• Unfriendly interconnection and net meter-

ing requirements : M b ,mp p PV m

h h m w pp w wh h h , h p w

h ’ b h , p hp w m h wh . e h

h p wh h h b . th p

p b h p h , xp v , p m

m . M m w b q m b .

• Burdensome code enforcement and some-

times expensive permitting requirements :f m v m

q m / h m p pp -

p , b w , m. l p m p v w ,

often add signi cant cost to the consumer. Localp m m b m

x x h m h m v h p .

• Distribution of trained and experienced

installers across states : a v w w h - m mb m

highly quali ed installation contractors are notp w p ,

xp w v h p

m .

• Potentially excessive installer licensing

requirements : l q m m bm b with or unjusti ed for the nature of the work,

v p wise quali ed installers out of the business.

• High cost of sales : i h v h v p

p v b q h b v . Wh m

b m b v p mh v h h .

• Aesthetic concerns : th m “ m

b .

• Potential impacts on property value : s mp b h v h PV

m v p p v b x m m v

i , h mp h b h p v ph v

h .




THE ProBlEM: ADDrESSING HIGH FIrST CoSTSAND loNG PAyBACkS oF PV SySTEMS

“Best Practice” Recommendations

for Addressing Local Market Barriersceg’ v h h m markets, states have established speci c solar pro -

m m h m b m b m .

B h - m xp h

p m , h p xp hb m , b b to address them, identi es “best in class” solutionswh h x , mm p h

h mp m .

a h u s h w ,the rst cost of PV systems is the primary barrier tob p . th v PV

m $9.00 p w w h p 15% ( m p p ). th q

h h mp h mm w m $2.00 p w m -

p p , w h p 30%. c -v m h cHP,

v b h h m , b v xp vw h h h p .

th p PV m q v m h v $25,000. c m-

p h p h m m b p -h , h h - m qh m w m . i p h

m w b b h v h PVm h m; h pp

m p v m q h h.

th h h , p mp , h PV system costs are high, and the nancial savings tob xp m v p h

v w. B h pb m PV m ( x 20 full cost), many prospective buyers have dif culty

j h p PV p w b m h .

i p , h v p p m p

m m b v w h v p m v . ov w h v b

“ ,” m h h mh . th m

h pp v pm w b p j . th w p p p

w h h h p- pp , h m p m

. th h h w

m , b pp v m -b p , h b

rms to capture ef ciencies and drive down costs.

i p m , mp wh m m

PV m mb h w




(p m h m v ) -h w , m , ,

p , h , , p -m , , p . H w

h w w m , v b

technological innovation, in uenced by materialsv b , b b m ,

, h , h v v b beyond the control p m . H w v ,

-h w , q 50% m htotal price of a system, are subject to the in uence

v , h h p p m h h m .

a b h ceo a s , i .,B c m , h mp

h -h -w . M . c m h h -stallation costs for solar are signi cantly cheaper ing m h h u s ( pp x m$2/W ). H h h

h h w h x h - pp h, b

m v , h ,

m pp h h w .

f x mp , g m , wb , h u.s., h b p p -w v v b v m v ,

p p w , q m w b p m

m p p bm. i , h h q m m h

g m , w h q m ac dc , q m

h m mp , - q m b . H w

h h q m h v sulted in signi cant safety or reliability problems.

f , g m , h v m w , w h j b p m q . th

h p .

th $1–$2/w h h h u.s.— h

v p m m mp . a M . c m , h h b

b wh mp m h p m .

Below, we rst identify some general recommen -dations, and then some speci c strategies for how

mp m pm b m , w

, m m PV h .

GENErAl rECoMMENDATIoNS For IMPlEMENTING EFFECTIVESTATE INCENTIVE ProGrAMS THAT ADDrESS HIGH FIrST CoSTS

1. Create c nsistent, stable, l ng-term

state pr gram supp rt.s , - m p m h b msigni cant PV cost reductions. Building a maturem PV h m w

-m b h m w

attract and encourage suppliers to create an ef - v . exp J p

h p p bw h m p b p .

th , wh v m v b




v , h mm h w h - m

h p m— p 5 10 m . th w pp

v p b z , w h

b m b .

Calif rnia Example: s p J p ’ h u.s., h c s i v

m PV m h hp m 10- , $3 b p m, w hb v h b pp x m

10%. th c s i v p v x mp p m w h b

b w p m h hm b , p v v v m , b

. i c , b $2.5/W $0.2/W 2,400 MW h v b

b h p m, w h b z 10 . th pp h w h

h m x m m h p m, h b h h, h p m v

- . a v

v pp p w h h h- p h p p

w h. i p b - bp m h bj b .

2. Establish speci c installed capacity

g als f r PV.f m , p m h

p b mm MW p h b p ,

p m . d w m xp , h v

con dence, and provide predictability for futureb p m p m .g v h b PV h ,

h v - m PV w qthe collective con dence of multiple investors and

m h ’ mm m -m b .

t h , h h 2007, v cesa have established speci c, ambitious PV goals and

mm m , c : 3,MW ; n w J : 2,300 MW b 2020;M : 1,500 MW b 2022; M h :27 MW h x — v h m

m .

3. Ensure incentive design f sters PV c st

reducti ns and mainstream ad pti n.

th p v h u.s.

b m PV w m - h - m b

- , x m , in renewable portfolio standards, and other nanc -

m h m .

i h u.s., p -b v b b h m mm pp h

providing nancial support for PV installations.th v p h

b w m p ( mp p ) p- ,

-p -w , b , v (wh m h w v m

).7

r , w mb h v b v h p

b , p h h pb p m m b b z m wp p p m . c p - v

v z v m , p m mp

m m . H w vh mp h v m

the extent and speci c causes of poor PV systemp m . i , h p P




p m w p p b m h u.s.,p h h h v b

w h h m p m w .i p m -b v

, m w v h m -

w b p h -m p m m

v pp h p m m p m .

H w v , w p m p8 p m -bv (PBi) m h u.s., w h

mb v h m b v p m . th m “p p -m ” pp h v p

v m m p b h PVm.9 i m w , h pp h m m h

- g m .10

th h m j p m -b pp h p p- v h b estimate - m p ,

account an analysis of speci c installed systemmp p , h -

, , h

p , w h . th m mp h m wh h p-

p m h b , w h j m m b m p m .11

B h pp h h h v p -m p h h

m p p . H w v , wh h mp m pp h m v

p v b v b w h, m , p m -

nance, it does not address the signi cant rst-costb PV m . i m b m -

v b m h v v b - p m p . i p ,

p m -b v m b p m h w , h pp h

b ’ w h h mp PV h p- w h m .12

f h , h m p mv pp h m b m pp p h

PBi pp h PV m w b m

Wh h p h p , w

w h p h m p p w h m h

h b p m . M mp , p vh m - p m h p -b b pp

b .

4. Ensure pr gram rules d n t p se unrea-

s nable barriers and c sts n installers &

cust mers.i h v p m

m , m mp mp m h mp x

( h m v , h h h m PV m v h

Speci cally, it is important that states consider andv h w h h pp p

m -h w. a x mp m h sm r w b

i v (sri) p m M h m v h q

p m q m .

A 2006 survey of PV installers working in Massa -h , mp b h s e B

a n w e (seBane), h m h m b v

h w h m. i p h ,

m m p w ph m, h -h w w b

p b q m h M h sri p m




a h , h sri ppmp b p p w q m .

Marketing and sales required a signi cant amount m v b w j b ( v h -

b w v m ) q -m b h h ( . . v -

ability) and nancially. Other major costs werep m h p p v

v p b m p p ( . ., m , p p b h m p , b p , p v , p m p v ).

a , h m v - 50% h -h w . i -

p h , h w M hc mm w h s i v h m

p m .

th h : i h m bj v mm PV h b m m b

states should weigh both the bene ts and the costmp p m q m

p m q . B h h p w h m

already add signi cant expense to installations.

s p m q m h v p b h h h

, wh h w b p

h m .

Estimated A cati ns f MA SrI N n-eq ipment C sts b Insta ati n C mpanies(As Pe centages f T ta N n-Eq ipment C sts)

ACTIVITy / CoMPANy “A” “B” “C” “D” “E” “F” “G” “H”

s 10 20 15 12 10 12 10 4

P m pp 20 15 15 13 8 14 5 17

P m 10 10 10 10 10 7 5 17

i 40 45 50 46 60 60 70 54

i p / i 20 10 10 19 12 7 10 8




We now describe areas where states can take speci c actions to address major market barriers PV p m .

Speci c Recommendations

for States to Build Solar Markets

There is signi cant effort by states to support cus -

m - w b h hp p , , w v -

m m h mp v m m .M h , h ,

m , w b p b

mp .

a) Renewable P rtf li Standardsth m j w h v b h

r w b P s (rPs) h qutilities to supply a speci ed percentage of electricity

m w b . a rPs p mp xp m

w h pp h -. H w v , rPs—wh b

w b mp — pp -projects such as wind and land ll gas, and is unlikely

p v q pp m - b b .

i , p v pp h h rPs w

w . f , v w h v b-h h - — q m h

m p h rPs m m speci cally, or distributed generation more broadly.

1. STATE lAWS AND rEGulATIoNS

s , v “m p ,”

m h h w m rPs . th

m h m mp h mb w h mp

w b h bm p p v

v pm .

a b B l b,13 m v w - w m

m p h w h hm pp h. rPs p h h v multipliers for solar have not yet seen signi cant

.

New Jersey h b m v - , w h 2% rPs q

b v m PV m , q1,800 MW ac b 2021. n w J ’

v pm h h p p b w v h h

w h PV h .

B l b p h h mp x rPs - PV h b

substantial. Excluding California, 67% of PV addi -tions from 2000 through 2006 came from states with




v rPs . f h , h mp x rPs - bz b : 400 MW 2010 2,000 MW b 2015,

m mp .

ceg r mm :C nside c eati n f a s a set-aside in the rPS

p g am.

For an RPS to signi cantly bene t solar technology m , - q m pp

b . s w h rPs h requiring a speci c solar share percentage in recog -nition of the special bene ts of solar installations( . . j b , , p m

h p , v v mmp ). H w v , B l b, -

v p h - . r h - m

r w b e c (rec)14 p h m rPs b v . sh h q - m

rec / p v p- p m m PV m . B hMaryland ’ rPs

w New Jersey ’ w rec p mp v x mp pp h . fM ’ pp h, h p://www. . /

b / / v 2. m?i v c =Md05r& =Md&c P id=1. f n w J ’p m, http://www.njcleanenergy.com/ les/

le/SOLARTransitionFAQs121707%20fnl2(2).pd .

b) Interc nnecti n & Net Meteringi m w

- p h b b p m b

generation (DG). Well-crafted, simpli ed intercon - m p m h

b p m m - m .

Interconnection standards v h w m b w b

h . a m j h v b hp q m

v m h w b h h v b

pp v b p b mm . th m

m m . th h m b -

h p installers and purchasers by de ning fees that are

w , p h m b , mh m b w .

Net metering w m x ( h w b m)

b h v p m h m h h . n m

b m b wh h p h z v m h PV

wh 1- Wh b h m hh x m v 1- Wh m b h

m . n m q m b . a h cesa-m mb h v

m p w h m pz p m w 10 W (ny)

h h 2 MW (nJ). a mb p m p h h 1 2 MW

Cauti n: a m q — h h h w

- v b p .15

New Jersey h v b m

h . a , n w Jp h h h m h u.s. am h h h n w

J ’ h w :

http://www.dsireusa.org/library/includes/incentive2.cfm?Incentive_Code=MD05R&state=MD&CurrentPageID=1



http://www.njcleanenergy.com/files/file/SOLARTransitionFAQs121707%20fnl2(2).pdf











INTERCoNNECTIoN

• a m p ppp w h z mp m

• e m xp v x

w h w h mp m • a p p p -

m xp p hm

• r b h p p p j ’ z

NET METERING

• H h z m (2 MW) m w b

m b, xp mm

m p p , m h b x

• n p m-w mp

• a q m bm p m m

v h v mp

h p

ceg r mm :Ad pt effective inte c nnecti n standa ds.

a h p q m h pp p h

h z h h mp xp v mp w h.

ceg p h h h v b v

h h h ieee 1547 v w p .

th m v pb i r w b e c (irec) p -v w mp m p m m , v b

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load/ConnectDocs/IC_Model.pd 16

s h w w h h m j to (a) develop a simpli ed online submittal process

m (b) q m m

( ).

ceg r mm : Expand net mete ing.

n m h msigni cant means to advance solar PV use. The

v pp v m p m m pp p

q m , hm z m , b m , m

b x , m dg p .

ceg mm h m wb xp 2 MW, pp p pp PV m .

s h p irec’ m m wh h w h b h p

New Jersey C l rad , h vh b -m p h . th

v b :h p:// www.irecusa.org/ leadmin/user_upload/ConnectDocs/NM_Model.pdf.

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a PV p m m , m pp m q m h

m p m . th v hCESA/LBNL October 2006 Case Study, Designing PV

Incentive Programs to Promote Performance: A

Review of Current Practice . th h “[ ] v h v h h v

q m h PV m , hPV m p m w mp PVp m .” th b h w

b h v p m -b m PV

h v h h p m m . thmandates include system speci cations, installercerti cation, installation rating, on-site inspections

m , p . th h h p b v

q h h p wp m p m .

i mp mph z h , h w v , h

h p m p , h hw w - , h v h v

up installer costs. This con icts directly with the state b PV m v w mp v m m . B -h

h PV bxp , p wb h p m’

p m q m — pm wh v p b-

m —w h m w h h h b wh ,

p p h h h .

i , h h b m h mp v h h h

p b m p m p m .th , h b p m

2. STATE FuNDING ProGrAM PrACTICES

w h p m m b h p b m. th h b B l b

pp b h p m p b m(wh h ) m q pm p b m

h .17 a m v ,b h c e c mm p p

m -b v p m, qb h v h m PBipp h. c mp h p p m’ p

p p -b v p m ph cec h h p -b p m

p p h v h h v h m ’ p m .18 19

i h h b v , ceg hh p m h b nd a reasonable balance between administrative

v , m p , p m .

ceg r mm :

Engage active with state’s PV ind st andinc de them in disc ssi ns and de ibe ati ns.

i h v cesa m mb , m - h h m h p w h h . H w v , wh

h m b h , h

PV — m p wh p m

v w b m

th , p m h w h h h p h s

e i a (seia) PV m mb . i h seia

h p , h pp

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h . th pm w b b h q -m PV h , m

mp m w h.

f x mp , b h h Massachusetts r w be t hC nnecticut c ef h v w w h h s eB a n w e (seBane),p v pp work force issues that in uence the growth of PVmarkets. SEBANE, in turn, has testi ed in support

h h h h PV , w p v b h m

m b p pp p m .

s h m w h b m m h pp ’perspective. Program design and modi cations

h b v h -w xp . th b

m q - mp v ,m - v p m .

th p v h p .

ceg r mm :Simp if p g am eq i ements and pape w

t ma e them eas t nde stand and se.

t , pp p j

x m . s h m v pp m wh -

v p b .

f x mp ,Calif rnia mp m a 2007 h c s

i v . r pp mp , b-m , h pp - . sh p :// .p w . m/d . px.

s p m h v mp x m m h m

incentives that individual customers are quali ed. th mp h p b

h v b b wh

system is going to cost a customer. Income veri ca - m h pp

p , p h p , m v m p v

p h p .

s h m q h p p m

h m p p v w v . s h

z h v mm b w p p v b pp b

trust, con rm the seller understands a buyer’s in - , m h ’

p , h m h mp h . i h p m-

b h b condition for receiving state nancial support,

mm z h m m h

h p p . r q m h b w

h h q w h .

ceg r mm :Strive for ef cient program administration and

rapid funding decisions and noti cations.

s h mp m v w pp p v p

v w .

a m j h p w m pp v

decisions. While setting xed, periodic application ( pp

https://csi.powerclerk.com/Default.aspx

https://csi.powerclerk.com/Default.aspx




m m p m m v w mp m p p p ,

p j p p mpp . th bm pp -

m , h m h h p p -

v b w b h , wh m v b h h .

t m q b b b p m

bene ts among market participants, protectionsh h b mp v

to xed application deadlines:

• set speci c allocations and commitments to

m b- ( . . ,non-pro ts, municipalities)

• p p v p j z

• m mb v pp j h v p m h v

• mp h mb v p j h h m h v v

a speci ed period

• b h m h p m

ceg r mm :Connect prospective buyers with quali ed sellers.

s h m h m PVinstallers who want to be identi ed to consumers,

h h h p m w b p h pthrough their af liations with trade associations

h h v b h p m , v v .

f x mp , h Massachusetts r w b et p w h h seBane h n hSustainable Energy Association to identify quali ed

. a h M h c mm ws w b (h p: //m h. / / ), offered to SEBANE and NESEA under “ nd an in -

,” p b h xp p p “H w g s .” seBane

h b h p m h m mb w.

s xp m w h h p

wh h b h m . th w

h v p j vm mp p p

b w h p b m . f x moreg n , h s t a n w -b h b h e t o . i

60 or more rms that have met the Energy Trust’sp p q m . g h p://www. -

. /ta/ / x.h m m h q m pp

p .

a New Y rk , nyserda q pp

for incentives to be led only by those PV installerswh b p m p rfP m . i

b m m b h , b m , p

p m m , p v h p m q m ,

xp , m xp, v p m , m , m

, m , mmto become certi ed through a national certi cationp m. i b m b v

m m p m m , m . g :h p://www. -serda.org/funding/716PON.html .

http://www.masstech.org/solar/#

http://www.energytrust.org/TA/solar/index.html


http://www.nyserda.org/funding/716PON.html







http://www.masstech.org/solar/#




s , h w v , h b b qspeci c solar certi cations for installers, beyond

h q m h pp b ( . . , ,

p z ), h w

h q m m h v pm h m . a w q

certi cation by the North American Board of Cer-ti ed Energy Professionals or “NABCEP,” with both

w x m m m m xp q m .20 th pp h, h w v ,

wh p wh w b p hb m b p . a v

mm w m b p v h h v b q p p .

If a state is going to employ a certi cation standard, - v h wh , b v

h x m w p v b naBceP. salso should consider rst establishing a transitionalp v wh h -

w m p w

obtaining certi cation.

th p v z - v h h

currently de ned by the NABCEP certi cation. Am p j m

need to include one NABCEP certi ed installer and w w h .

s h v q - mp ph wh

b m h v h . s h “ - ” p w

increase the nal system cost. Whenever possible, h w mp h m

drive staf ng decisions: an electrical contractor mp m m

h v q v v p h wh pp p

.

ceg r mm :

E iminate ed ndant inspecti ns f c mp etedPV insta ati ns.

r p - p b h m j cesa p m . H w

v , b - p pp v q ’ p p

p j . Wh m m b p b p m p

b , h h h p q b

, h h b p . th m pp q m v p m

w , h b mg v h b h b m m j , h

p h pp pq , w h h pp

ph h m , h b h

.

i v h v h b

p m , p mp h hbe suf cient after an initial con rmation of workp .

ceg r mm :req i e t ansfe ab e eq ipment and s stem wa anties.

a m h m q pm p h w h p b , h

mp h h m , p v w p h . H w v , h w




b wwh p p h h . th p b m

m b wh w v p h - b p j hv h m w h w w

v m .

g v h m h x 20 h w m 20

PV p , “ ” b wh b q b p -

h p p v p m .P h h w b h h v

h wh PV m p b w

h p p .

ceg r mm :Enc age and ad pt nif m standa ds f

equipment sizing, rating, and ef ciency.

States are beginning to adopt simpli ed standards q pm z h b p -

h m mp h

p h b p m . th h h v

of consumer con dence and better system perfor -m .Calif rnia h h w , p v -ings of eligible equipment with speci c informa -

b xp p m .C nnecticut h p h c m

h w h v . ceg m-m h b h , -

p c ’ , m v m - p h mp b .

s h p://www. m . / -b / eligible_pvmodules.cg h c ec mm ’ b PV x b

o h m j q h m h v

wh b PV m wh h w h m p

b h v . P v h m w hm w mp

t h , p m h h mp v p v b

h p w p m p . s p m h

h ac v bCalif rnia .

th ac m m ’ p Ptc (PV usa t c ) hv p b h b h c e

c mm . M Ptc b p p w p

p h m p s t c (stc), b

v h w mm m ’ .

Through their programs, states can in uence man - Ptc , j w h

b h q p va module PTC-watts-per-square-foot speci cation.th w p v m mp v

m h m p . i w h h h m wh pp m b .

http://www.consumerenergycenter.org/cgi-bin/eligible_pvmodules.cgi








M dules : All at plate PV modules should be certi ed by a national recognized testing laboratory m h q m b m h ul s 1703

subsequent testing standard. All at plate module ratings should be determined according to IEC61215/ 61646. The factory measured maximum power of each module, and the lower bound ofthe manufacturer’s stated tolerance range, as speci ed in UL 1703, should be no less than 95% of

h M x m m P w p h p m.

Inverters : All inverters should be certi ed as meeting the requirements of UL 1741. Each modelshould be tested by a quali ed National Recognized Test Laboratory to be eligible for the program.P m h m h b m h p pb s n l b .

Capacity Rating : t b b h v , m mp h b b h c e c mm b q pm , h v m p m labeled in watts/square foot on the equipment and on the speci cation sheets. All manufacturers

h b h p w h mb h p h p m Ptc

a p h h p h Ptc p m h -b mm p h . Ptc w p q ( m z , m ) hbe the most prominent speci cation listed among the speci cations and listed on the front page.

rec mmended Eq ipment ratings




u m m mp v PV,a lack of long-term project nancing options impedes

h PV m m h pay for the high rst costs. Although nancing does

h p- , b p h over some portion of the system’s life, nancing

m PV m m b .Wh m , h m q , h m mp v m , v bcan be used to nance PV installations over time,

h p b PV m w - h p m h m .

th h xp b h m - h p p m

h h m w , w / h pp q m .

ceg’ v h h vw h v PV- - m mm

nancing available, either for retro t installations w ; q -

m nancing. While a few state funds report having

reduced interest rate programs for nancing PVsystem installations that target speci c audiences(e.g. government or non-pro ts), the great majority

p m pp p m PV h w z ,

h b mm b .

th w h m m , wh wand developers already are making signi cant

b mm m , p ppand challenges for solar nancing. On the one hand,

h m PV m m b m ,v h w . o

h h h , h w v p m

v w h v m h m v h m ( h

m b p h p vm mp h ) m v

h p - m h

Various nancing strategies, targeting either home -b h m b , b mp -

PV w h m . o ww h b b

b h m w h PV, m h h Pw m h . th pp

h b mp h h h ef cient mortgages that include PV, but has gen -

m . o h mnancing strategies focus on reducing nancing

. o p p b w- PV. H w v , h

p w - w , q h h h m b p

h m . a h pp b - w h m

although this may be a less-ef cient use of public h q v b - w v .

ceg r mm :C nside em ating New y ’s inte est ate

ed cti n p g am f PV ans.

s h v p p m w b . a v

p m m h p p v m m

h w b :

• l m: th h h v m 10 m h p m

b v .

3. FoSTErING loNG-TErM ProjECT FINANCING




• l w : f , h h b w h

30- m .

• l w h m v : app ,p p w , h b p m -m m, w h q pp v .

• u : n b v v q -m p p h b q(other than the solar system being nanced). 21

New Y rk s p v x mp -v w b p m. nyserda

h n w y e $m sM l P -m p v q w b p j b w

p p ’ m mp 10 . th m h

400 b p (4.0%). r b w q p $20,000.

The borrower must be approved for nancingh h mph p p h p m. g h p://www.

. / / m m .22

ceg r mm :Enab e PV gene at s t sec e ng-te m p we

p chase ag eements with ti ities.

a h h h u.s., vmechanism to ensure long-term solar nancing is

- w. a - w p -b pthat speci es the price to be paid for renewable

. f - w p w p ( . ., - ),

p w h p h b b h . f - w p p m e p

v w m xp h w b , w h mp v

p j p m . a - w b h m h v pm w-

b w mb p j .

a - p h m p w b v

- m , b p h b h m w . f - w

m m z p v , minvestments and nancing in solar projects very

v h v m mm . a p j h v - m - m m mp b

h b h m . cegmm h h p

- w m h m term solar nancing.

c - p

• e h h h h v v pm .

• e j m h h .

• Guarantee tariffs for a suf cient time period h h h .

• e m b .

• e b h h ph p w h p m h w b

.

th ontari P w a h b h p m m

( p h 10 MW; 20 ) h P v , PV, wh h

v m ban effective feed-in regime, simpli ed eligibility,

. sh p://www.p w h -. . /P . p?P id=1224&s n id=245.

http://www.nyserda.org/loanfund/



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ceg r mm :Estab ish a renewab e Ene g Tax C edit P g am.

t x v h v p v b v - p v p m w b

, v b h h v m x h p h

PV m . r mmdecisions to invest in PV can be directly in uencedb v m x v h h -

v p- h m -m h h . s v h v -

b h v m x v m - w b pp ,

Ariz na, Calif rnia, Massachusetts, New Y rk,ohi , oreg n Verm nt . o ’ p m p mp h v v

b h b x .

u oreg n ’ r e t x c ,h m w b xcredit for purchase of premium ef ciency appli -

, h m , w

p h m , PV, w , , v v h . PV m -

b $3 p p w w h m x m m m $6,000, up to 50% of the installed cost. The amount

m x m x $1500 h xp ’ m x b , wh h-

v . u m b wfor ve years. See: www. v . . v/en-ergy/cons/res/retc. h m .

oreg n ’ B e t x c v -m v , , w b

, -p p . ao b m q . th v

h p j , q pm ,, m , . th

x 50% h , w h m x m m

credit of $10 million, taken over ve years, 10%h . a b w

p h . th w x h m b wh w b

m h h m h , w h m x

m m $9000 p m h m $12,000 on a certi ed high-performance home.th p - h h p b wh h p j w m h x p

h h p mp- m hp m ( h p v h ). swww. v . . v/energy/cons/Bus/ Betc. h m .

ceg r mm :S pp t the se and expansi n f 3 d pa t wne ship

m de s f PV p ect deve pment.

th p w h p PV b m wh h h p — h m — w

h m h p w h b h w h b wh hPV m . th m p w

pp h, h 3 p h w

nancing, greater ability to take on, understand, m h , m v m v x v .

h mp x h -and provides better access to nancing.

This business model is often primarily a “ nancialp ,” wh h h h - mp w p h m w h h v p ,

v v v m x p , wh p v h

long-term needed nancing. 23

th h “ m w ” pp h h m v h p h h

p p v m h p bp h p

http://www.governor.oregon.gov/ENERGY/CONS/RES/RETC.shtml


http://www.governor.oregon.gov/ENERGY/CONS/BUS/BETC.shtml









b p . f h , b h w h p m b m h p b hp . H w v , , h p j

q v h h p-.Calif rnia New Jersey , m h

, w h w h p b

m p p h vm . o h m w xp h w h pp h xp h b m h v v b m , h

w h p PV m .

l j wh b h w. s p h

and inef cient local building codes and code enforce -m xp , v p .

ex v q m b p b m.s v q m

h j wh h h b v b z pp h

. th v b PV m perceived risk by local of cials.

s m h p b m b b h w m h m

w h h ph q m ph w p . H w v ,

p v h h p - h h pp p w

mp .

M m , , enforcement mechanisms speci c and suited toph v m . th m PV systems by local code of cials can be extremely

w h , h cegv . f x mp , p m q m m , b p m h h m

b h v p v hare not speci cally written with the objective of

v PV m .

4. BuIlDING CoDES AND INSTAllATIoN STANDArDS

l m v v (weight and wind effects) and re safety in the

x h n e c . em p xp w h—

pp p b —PV m m

p m wh “p p b b .

f h m , p m v w h m m w h Wh PV m p m ptially signi cant local source of revenue (and an

“ x x”), h h h m . a 2007 b h s c

z p m PV m hc .24 i h , 3- W systems costing $18,600 (after rebate), permit fees

c m $0 $1,298, m 0% 7% h p - b m

f w mp v pp h —a at fee method, a valuation-based method, or a

mb . th v -b m h wp p b m wh w b

b b wh

m z .

ceg r mm :Establish state-level building and re codeprovisions that speci cally set electrical and

st ct a safet pe f mance eq i ements

f PV s stem pe mitting.




n h h h h v -wide model code that speci cally governs PV in -stallations and provides speci c direction andguidance to local of cials. Establishing and adopt -

h w mp v h q

, bexpectations of local code of cials, and save con -

m m b p -p p v - v pp h . th -

h b , zp m q m bm plans and drawing submittals, and de ne those

x p wh P e - (Pe) mp .

a mm b v p m p PV

m hInspector Guidelines for PV Systems ,p p h r w b e t hAnalysis Project of Pace Law School (March 2006).th b h h “p h ”

wh m v w and completeness and the “ eld inspection” stagewh h v w mp

w h pp v p . s www.irecusa.org/ leadmin/ user_upload/NationalOutreachPubs/Inspectorg -V 2.1.p.

ceg r mm :B i ding c des sh d inc de a eas nab e and

nif m statewide fee st ct e f PV s stem

b i ding pe mits.

l j mp - pp h p m PV m .

H w v , h p p p m h b mb v m h b

w h p m PV m - h m m

b p . f x mp ,Calif rnia h

b h q m ,25 ph b h cs s p m c , h v pmp j m b b h m b

p v h v wh h h h .

th wh p m h vw h h h m, h

jurisdictions. A reasonable at fee should be es -b h h m

h m . ceg mends that all jurisdictions use the cost-based atfee method to assess permit fees that re ects the

m m q p m b h m

PV m . th s c b fees of $300 or less for ush mounted residentialPV m .

th P l w s h p v mm - v p p m

PV m Inspector Guidelines for PV

Systems : c p m b v p j . th w w m v

p j b h p

h h p j . H w v , w h PV , h q pm m h h h h

w h h p j m p . i m h v p m b

PV m . th p installation is similar to that of installing a retro t -

HVac m. th p m PV m h b m h

HVac m. a b v m h 10 h b

b h p v h v

a h :

sm PV m ( p 4 W): $75–$200l PV m ( p 10 W): $150–$400

••

http://www.irecusa.org/fileadmin/user_upload/NationalOutreachPubs/InspectorGuidelines-Version2.1.pdf










ceg r mm :Provide training for local code of cials on PV system

eq i ements and the Nati na E ect ica C de.

M h v p PV -

p v b h u.s. d p -m e irec. Wh h -

h b , code of cials also have been welcome. As states

p m mp h v PV -dards, the training of local enforcement of cialsw b m m mp .

IREC is now offering code of cial training thatspeci cally targets code of cials to states thatw p h .

ceg r mm :C ab ate with statewide ganizati ns, ass cia-

ti ns, t ade g ps, and m nicipa ities t imp ve

ca PV pe mitting p actices.

o h h v h p m h PV p m b p m m -

p , h m hx v .

i p b b h b m - b p m . s m w

j wh p p m p b m -

v . th m b b h h-h wh p m m v .

s h w w h m p mp mh w m p

p m p :

• s p m h b “ vh ,” p h

meet standard weight and roo ng criteria.

• M p h p hm n e c (nec) haffects PV systems, such as article 690.

• M p h p mspeci cation cut-sheets for major system com -ponents as suf cient for purposes of evaluating

m mp p m q m h w w

p m : (1) h m h m w h w p z

h w , (2) w h w h h m v h

w h hm prafter size, and spacing speci ed.

• M p h q Pe mp address typical structural issues for ush-mounted

p m , x p x v w z q .

a w h x mp p m p m M V , ca. r j “ v - h -

counter” permit that costs only $3.29 to le.M V ’ p m pp m m

w -p m h h z m ’ h m xp p .

t he form can be led by a contractor, architect or“b - w ” wh mp 30-m

p . s h p://www. m v ..

ceg r mm :Work with utilities and code of cials to establish

p ced es that minimize the need f m tip e

inspecti ns f c mp eted PV p ects.

Another signi cant project cost for installers is themb v p q

m . i m , PV pv p b pp m q m

p p p b p — m b p ,

http://www.cityofmillvalley.org/

http://www.cityofmillvalley.org/




p , p , p . e h p q h

v h p j , h v p h .

s p m h h - mp h p q m

h , m h j p -

m p h m m z p -

xp .

Local code of cials are likely the best vehicle for p q m . s

h p m h m p

b w xp , h h q - p mm h m h

P m b r p m wh w h p q pm

5. TAX TrEATMENT oF PV

a ’ x p p x p b hpowerful and highly exible tools that can be used

h —either limiting a PV system’s rst and lifecycle costs

h h . s x equipment and property taxes can be signi cant for

h b h m p v . th mb x p

h v b

PV w h.

s x x mp w m v p p 100% h x

h p h - q pm .l mm h x , x bare refunds of a speci c share of a sales tax. About

-h h cesa h v x x mp- PV m , w

x mp mm m .

P p x m p 100%of the property taxes on xed assets (and land)

b h PV . th m j cesa w x mp mm -

PV m m p p x. H w v , p h m , w h h

m v h . s m h p p x x mp

h v h m h v h pp h h m w h h q pm (Calif rnia ) h m w b h h p p ’ w , b b h p (oreg n ). th h cesa

h q p p x h m b x h

p p mp v m .

Wh p p x mp PV m,h h mp h p h h m m h x p p

to performing his cost/bene t analysis, nd outwh h pp b x h p

, m h v system. This is particularly signi cant with larger

mm .

ceg r mm :Exempt a PV s stems f m state and ca sa es taxes.

i x x mp p b w, h x b PV m h q pm .




ceg r mm :Exempt a PV s stems f m p pe t taxes.

i wh p p x w v w PV m w, v

v h q h w v w h .Minnes ta p v x mp

v x p h pp PV -

p m . th b h p p x x mp PV m .

f m m h p://www. .m . / mn/externalDocs/Commerce/Solar_Electric_Rebate_

Program_110802025911_RebateInstructions.pdf .

s h h h-v pp - wh h PV h p w -

m v : p b b ,h , w h m , .

f h h p bb h m v -sons. Such solar applications help to educate of -cials and the public about the bene ts of the tech -

, p v h h w h h h v b , m ,

h z m p b b .

s m b p j , p b h ,

schools, municipal buildings, re and police stations,p b v , -ties, and the broad range of of ce buildings and

p p p h q b v m p . i p PV -

h p j w -

h p b b , v x p v h m. s m p b h , - h x , p

mp w b - v - m w h

h m .

6. STATE CoNSTruCTIoN PolICIES AND P rACTICES

Wh w - h cesa p h v b p j p P

m , h p m p p PV - bi , PV

m - p j mcesa , h x p b Calif rnia

Massachusetts oreg n . n PV v mm m

p b b .

Wh mb p h v pnancial resources that are available to assistp PV m p b b

p h h h h ppv b h m

M cesa h p b hh v b PV . s v

Massachusetts New Y rk , h vp v v v p b h

PV m . o , p q h PV m

b p h m.

ceg r mm :req i e that PV s stem insta ati n be c nside ed and

eva ated f a ma p b ic b i ding c nst cti n.

http://www.state.mn.us/mn/externalDocs/Commerce/Solar_Electric_Rebate_Program_110802025911_RebateInstructions.pdf












i h h w c ’ h b m v w

energy ef ciency features and clean distributed mp w

h m j v p j .

th p m h v - w h -m h ,

h b , m ; a range of stakeholders concerning the bene ts ofh h p m , p -

; h mb mm ; p p

h h p m h .

th p m v w h x C nnecticutc e f (ccef) v . ccef w

v w h b h c d p m e , hConnecticut Energy Ef ciency Fund and other avail -

b v . M m b h p://www. . m/ b / b .php.

ceg r mm :Avoid using Societal Bene ts Charge funds

ea ma ed f enewab e p ects t s pp t

p b ic PV p ects when the f nding s ces

(e.g. b nds) can be tapped.

t v v , whp p j v b b

w m j v , h h m h PV m, h

b p b h m wh h m , , b

m m m .

ceg r mm :l bb f inc si n f PV eq i ements in the state

Quali ed Allocation Plan that governs awards of

fede a w inc me tax c edits.

W w h h , PV v p m h

PV b m m h p j v v h

m - m h p j . s h h v h p b h

w b h Quali ed Allocation Plans (governing the award

h x ) w p jh h h p h v

ef ciency and renewable energy. States can reviseh v h v pm

p p w x mpp j w h .

s mm p h v m - m h m PV

v m b h bx mp , New Jersey , h sunlit P m (

‘s u w l w i m t x c ’),p b h n w J H M

f a , p v h nancial support to projects that seek to include

PV m w m h p j . th Pp m pp b m n w J ’c e f . s h p://www. wj . v/

/hm /b z/ v / h /p /final%20s %20g.p.

See also a 2006 Clean Energy State Program Guide,Strategies to Support Solar Energy and Advanced

Energy Ef ciency in Affordable Multi-Family Housin g ,h p://www. . /c s

CEG_Peregrine_PV_Multifamily_2006.pdf .

http://www.ctinnovations.com/funding/ccef/about.php



http://www.newjersey.gov/dca/hmfa/biz/devel/gho/pdf/FINAL%20Sunlit%20Guidelines.pdf



http://www.cleanenergystates.org/CaseStudies/CEG_Peregrine_PV_Multifamily_2006.pdf

















A specialized, quali ed workforce is necessary tom w m PV m . a mp

pp mb mp w mp

m h h p v p w w q v pw .

t , w h h mm b w , m cesa

. t b h - p m h

h h h mm .

t m code of cials and inspectors. Some states also tar -

b h . i w , - p v p p p PV

p , h h m h p v b h mp .

Wh h - h -j b w - m h w b , h

m m h

p m h p p -p p w h PV w h -

h , , -q m p h PV

m . o - h p m p

( . . , b -) xp h PV

.

ceg r mm :Estab ish t aining p g ams at ca technica c eges

f w d-be PV p actiti ne s.

s h v pp h mtraining programs to bring new quali ed workers

m , PV- h h

s h w w h (m , , schools) to de ne curriculum and certi cation pro -

m p q h

New Y rk h b h PV courses and certi cations into school programs

h h v nyserda p v n w y h

h , , p

v p mp m p m PV . f

b p v h v, z

p v . t , ny-serda h v $1,000,000 v p-

p m h

f m m h v h p:// www.p w . /P m /s / -

. p? =1.

ceg r mm :offe , sp ns , and s pp t PV t aining f PV

insta e s, the e ated b i ding t ades, and c de

enforcement of cials

s h m v v p b irec h u.s.

d p m e h b -w PV p b . ire

h b m h p b h h . g h p://www. .

/ for more information about speci c trainingp m .

7. TrAINING

http://www.powernaturally.org/Programs/Solar/educationtraining.asp?i=1



http://www.irecusa.org/










ceg r mm :Estab ish exp icit ma eting b ectives.

t b , mp v p marketing strategies that are based on speci c

h h m h w b mv m m p

h . s “m ” wb p h mm mp p m m

m h h .

s h m bjv wh h h p mp h v

wh p m . i h bj v m x m zh mb PV m w q

p b ? i b h b vm h pp b h h

m (p b bw h m b v , -

m - m h )? i h w h m mp m b v

p m ? i w h

p m? i m mb hbj v ? M h b

to meet the program’s speci c solar deployment.

8. MArkETING AND EDuCATIoN

ceg r mm :Enc age c eati n f inte nship and app enticeship

pp t nities with PV insta ati n c mpanies.

i mp w w

h h p ; w -b w - h -j b xp .

i Massachusetts , wh seBane p m mb h p pp , 25 pwere identi ed within 12 companies in just two days.P m p pp . seBane

h mp p m h

f m m , PV h vw, p v xp v . th , h

m PV m v - b h h

p p h , b ’ xp , b p b

mp p m q v h h .

s h p m p -p v p h h p v w .

th m mm h m h m mp

b w b-b p “h w- ” -m . th m j

pp ,wh h h v h w m

v . a h cesa hh h v h p w h h

. s w w h p v m b ,

h , unions and associations, and nancial institutions.

a w cesa v p v m-p , h m -m w h PV

. M p p p “s d ” wh m b v

m p h p b hm v , xp , .




f h , m h b w h x p mm . th w

h v hv v b m v b h -

. a w p v m w h

a speci c and achievable “clean energy action”h m .

ceg r mm :Understand what motivates speci c markets and

develop outreach targeted to the speci c sectors.

i h , hz h h m PV m

m , h v b m v ,v b m h -

, b h h h p-proaches. A useful rst step is to differentiate be -

w h v - m whm 500 W b

m wh m z w b 5 W m .

th - m PV m

m :• mm m

h m x v , bwh h h v h

• h m m wh m b w h h p j h -

b “ ” b

• , , v , vh p , h m b v b b

m h b m h h h

h mp , p p v v m

• v m h w m- h p b h

m, b

• v m p b h wh h bre ect and form the values of residents, through

m

r h h h v v w

h h x m h , p wh z , p

m , h h

th PV m q mm PV m . Wh h h

m z q , v p j m h hpercentage of total cost. In addition to nding in -

m q v p p ’ b p , m q

h v b PV s b pp

p v m v h p b h

h ’ m

ceg r mm :S pp t and c ab ate with s a and the

e ated b i ding t ade and p fessi na ass ciati ns.

th z w p v h w v p

b PV h v v .mp z h PV “

.” Wh w b-b m p “h w ” b h , h

p h p - -pv p . th b mp

h h v b w h bp h .

ceg r mm :Engage ma eting p fessi na s t design and

imp ement PV ma eting st ategies.




M q p v h p j b p

p p . ceg mm h h ph ph w p h w h h

w :

• f p b h , h p , p b b

h h p p b b p h p

- m m v m PV, w m

• f b , mm h p b p v mp w

m b m p w b h . a q

m, h m, b h pp h - bj v .

• M p pp p v h b pp

m m .

• P v w b-b p j p w p m pp m .

M m p m . f x mp , mp “p b

” h h m m Pr w .B m mp

p m , m w

mm m , z mcampaign supported by quali ed marketingp .

f x mp , Ariz na p m h m h w p p-

p w . a z P b s vc mp (aPs) b h v p min 2006 to stimulate sales of solar energy systems.th mp w h sm P w (www.

m p w . ) h p v p m b h p m , , w -

, m , p m , b . th m b m h p -

m h aPs v , p aPs v m mp v h h , m

p m p p b aPs m .

ceg r mm :Neve se sight f the va e f ng ing p b ic

ed cati n and ma et b i ding: ma e visibi it f

s stems and data sha ing a c ite i n f state s pp t.

http://www.smartpower.org/







i b m m

h v w p p PV h ,

m h b : h h

up-front costs, lack of easy nancing, unfriendly

p m q m ,

pp h ,

p b m h h . th -

mm h p

p v pp h p m

Conclusionh mp h p h

h p . o mm , wh

xh v , b b p b

b . o m j m

v b

-h m

w m h u.s.

m PV m m m .




PV Market Infrastructure

Survey of Clean Energy StatesSTATE-By-STATE: CurrENT ACTIVITIES AND ADDITIoNAl NEEDS

th w b p v -b -mm v h v cesa

h v p m pp h w h PV m , p c

e g p/P e g p v h

h mp m -2007. i , h p m q wh ceg

h m mp hh b h h

m .




Ca if nia What The a e D ing T da What The Sa The Need

F rmal G al:3000 MW PV w h x10

Visi n f r PV:2 yearsi p b

w5 yearsMore nancial

p wv . b

10 years w hw h b

State funding:P m -b v

Pr gram guidelines:PV m w m b b w

Financing:Gov’t & non-pro ts only, cost effectiveness may be

pp b

Building c des / standards: • r q b p m , p m , b

mp p , p• n w PV • l p

q m• n - p b p p m

m h

Statutes / regulati ns:• CA PUC has established simpli ed interconnection

m m , h h h v ; m w b q mp w

• n m v b PV m p 1 MW• th rPs; v • t m p m z p

v PV p p• f v b m b

Tax treatment f r PV:• P p x x mp “ w ”

m pp w• n x x mp

C nstructi n p licies:• PV m p j• PV wh m p j• PV h b m h b h h -

v h b p

Training and certi cation:• o - h

PV • Quali ed installers are listed• Training for code of cials offered• cec w p v b• u h w p

Marketing activities:• i h w- , v mp ,

s d , w b- , pp

• Add’l relationships with nancial institutions, builders (“n w s H m P h p”)

• Improve nancing structures;

• i p b w ;

• e mph pp p .




C nnectic t What The a e D ing T da What The Sa The Need

F rmal G al:n

p

Visi n f r PV:2 years3 MW m(<10 W) m

PV 5 yearsQ p

; p

v10 yearsa v b

p b -b p

w h b

State funding:P m -b v

Pr gram guidelines:• e pp p q

• s m w- m

Financing:a mp p m

ccef PV

Building c des / standards: • r q b p m , p m , b

mp p , p• s m b 1/1/08• Separate state inspection for state- nanced installation• n w PV ; p nec• n - p b p p m

h

Statutes / regulati ns:• e h h m j h b h w

• n m v b PV m p 2 MW• th rPs; v • t m p m z p

v PV p p

Tax treatment f r PV:• r PV x mp m p p x;

mm m x mp h

• PV x mp m x

C nstructi n p licies:• a w h h v p PV, b m

p • n PV m -

Training and certi cation:• o - • Quali ed installers are listed• Training for code of cials offered

Marketing activities:• W b-b h w- ,

s d , pp , pp

• a , h p w h

• r q PV w

v - w - b z b ;

• r b ;

• Reduce nancial barriersto rst costs

• a m




I in is What The a e D ing T da What The Sa The Need

F rmal G al:“n m z

PV vx ”

State funding:c p -b v

Pr gram guidelines:l w p w

Financing:No PV nancing programs

Building c des / standards: • r q p m , mp

p• s m j q b p m• n w PV • n - p b p p m

h

Statutes / regulati ns:• n PV • c me h mp m m m

• n m m p 40 W• n rPs• t m p m z p v

PV p p

Tax treatment f r PV:• n PV p p x x mp• n PV x x mp

C nstructi n p licies:• There are special nancial resources to assist with PV

b , b PV m -

• PV m pp p b h

Training and certi cation:• f m h PV v b• n - • No training offered for code of cials, builders

Marketing activities:a r w b e f , pp

• s w

• l m pp p v w b

• n m

• rPs w h -

Note: SB680 passed the ILH s w -

g v B j v h’ -. th b , , w

q m dg p 2MW h i c m-

m c mm w h v b h -

b b

p w h 120 h g v h.




Massach setts What The a e D ing T da What The Sa The Need

F rmal G al:250 MW b 2017

Visi n f r PV:2 yearss m -

w h;mp v

b ;

b5 yearsB -

ph PV b

10 yearsPh

b

m m m;p p p PV m

w h

State funding:• c p -b v • i v - m q pm

Pr gram guidelines:

• W q b b• sp v PV b h

Financing:M PV v b

Building c des / standards:• t p q b p m , p m ,

mp p , b mp p

• a p p• State inspection often required for state nanced

• s snl p p m w

• s p m b pStatutes / regulati ns:• s w PV • s m m PV • Net metering for systems up to 60 kW• rPs, b v • t m p m z p v

PV p p

Tax treatment f r PV:• a PV x mp m p p x• r PV x x mp• c mm PV x x x mp

C nstructi n p licies:• c - w b m

b• Special nancial resources available to assist with PV

b• PV m pp

p b h

Training and certi cation:• o - p ; m h

PV v b• “Quali ed” installers listed for consumer information

and exploring NABCEP certi cation• Training offered for code of cials and utilities through

Marketing activities:• d b h w- p v w b, w b-

b , v mp , s d ,pp

• Add’l relationships with architectural societies, nancial, b ,

• M v

• M

• M

• B of solar nance by all




Minnes ta What The a e D ing T da What The Sa The Need

F rmal G al:n h m

Visi n f r PV:2 years1200 W

PVp b 2009

5 yearsPV - ;

b PV mh w h h

q ;w b

; bb

m10 years

M bPV m p p -

; zPV p ; wb PV


Pr gram guidelines:W q b b

Financing:n v b h m

Building c des / standards:• r q p m , mp

p , p p• n w PV • c h h v w p mp -

w h

Statutes / regulati ns:• s w PV • n m m p 40 W• rPs, b v • n m p

Tax treatment f r PV:• a PV x mp m p p x• a PV x mp m x

C nstructi n p licies:• PV m pp

p b h . s h b PV bp m

Training and certi cation:• o - p • naPceP p m v pm

Marketing activities:W b-b h w- w b-b

, s d , pp

• PV-speci c feed-in tariff

• i v m b naBceP-

certi ed installers

• c w h ,m p , p m pp , w

m




New je se What The a e D ing T da What The Sa The Need

F rmal G al:~2300 MWb 2020 (2.12%

)

Visi n f r PV:2 years90 MW 5 years450 MW ;m

b10 years1000 MW

; ph rec b

State funding:• c p -b v • i - m q pm

Pr gram guidelines:

W q b b m w

Financing:Long term commercial nancing for PV retro ts

Building c des / standards:• r q b p m , b

mp mp p• a p p• Also state inspection for state- nanced installations• n m w PV ; h m • P m b p p

Statutes / regulati ns:• s w PV • s m m PV • n m p 2 MW , x

m • rPs h v (“m b m w h

100%+ w h”)• n m p

Tax treatment f r PV:• a PV x mp m p p x p• a PV x mp m x

C nstructi n p licies:• Special nancing available for PV in state-funded

b• PV m pp

p b h b h h p b Training and certi cation:• o - p ; m

h • Installer certi cation and listing• Code of cial training be offered with IREC; also builder

h

Marketing activities:• P w b-b h w- , v

mp , -m w h , w b-b

• a h p w h h , ., v m z -

, p v

• r b

• d p

• l m pp - 5 W p v

energy ef cient




New Mexic What The a e D ing T da What The Sa The Need

F rmal G al:n

p

Visi n f r PV:2 yearsl PV m

m 25 W

1 MW5 yearss x

p m b b

$3 mp

10 yearsi v co 2 ,

m p ,b p -

w h p w h v

State funding:• c p -b v• r w b e t x c 2.7 / Wh

-

Utility funding:• P m -b v b

Financing:• c e r v B

p b h• Public Facility Energy Ef ciency Act for energy perfor -

m , m p , p b h .

Building c des / standards:• “s - ” q w h m• r q p m mp -

p• a p p

• n m w PV • P m b p p h h -

Statutes / regulati ns:• r w b e t m a h • s w PV

b v p• s m m PV • n m m x p b ferc 80 MW

m• rPs h v

Tax treatment f r PV:• 30% p m x PV

• PV x mp m p p x• a PV x mp m x b -

C nstructi n p licies:• PV m pp w

wh usgBc leed v w h 50% q

• d v pm Zero Energy Homes wh h pp PVinstallation and energy ef ciency


• Targeted training for code of cials and installers

Marketing activities:• a v mp• r h p w h h , ,

builders assns., local code of cial associations, solar , , p b h

• s p mx

• t m v w b

h p w m• r m h m

h m

• exp

• up wh m m b v p-

b

• exp -v b

• u mp rPs q m




New y What The a e D ing T da What The Sa The Need

F rmal G al:n

p PV

Visi n f r PV:2 yearsc b

b5 yearsi bb m v b

mp -; & -

m b m

10 yearsc mm - p

h m qb h

v ( xv m

b v )

State funding:• c p -b v

Pr gram guidelines:• V q pp

• H v p m b hm bFinancing:Reduced interest rate programs are available to nance PV

Building c des / standards:• No information available on speci c permitting

q m , wh h v• n w PV• B p p m m

Statutes / regulati ns:• s w PV • s m m PV • n m p 10 W• rPs h PV Wh

Tax treatment f r PV:• a PV x mp m p p x• r PV x mp m x

C nstructi n p licies:• PV m mm

b p j• PV pp p b h (“PV s h ”

p m) w h h h v


• Installer certi cation through NABCEP

• Quali ed installers are listed• Additional training for local of cials, utility personnel,b h

Marketing activities:• d b h w- , w b-b • Relationships with architectural societies, nancial insti -

, b ., ., code of cial associations, solar industry associations

• e

• M v p m

• i mp




ohi What The a e D ing T da What The Sa The Need

F rmal G al:n

p

Visi n f r PV:2 yearsP bPV p m5 yearsrPs w h

v 10 yearsoh PV m


Financing:Reduced interest rate programs are available to nance PV

Building c des / standards: • r q b p m , p m ,

mp p• Separate state inspection required for state nanced

• n w PV; nec

Statutes / regulati ns:• s w PV • s m m PV • n m h p j m , w h m

1% ’ • n rPs

• t m v b m z v PV p p

Tax treatment f r PV:• P p x x mp h h a Q

d v pm a h• n x x mp x p h h a Q

d v pm a h

C nstructi n p licies:• Special nancing is available to assist with PV in

- b , h h h p jh v b b

• PV pp p b h h h b nancing programs

Training and certi cation:• f m h PV• Installer certi cation programs• Quali ed installers are listed• Additional training for local of cials, utility personnel,

b h

Marketing activities:• d b h w- p w b-b

, s d , pp -

• Relationships with nancial institutions, builders assns.,

• e v PV w p m

• a rPs w h v

• imp v m




o eg n What The a e D ing T da What The Sa The Need

F rmal G al:n

p

Visi n f r PV:2 years2MW m

p; v

b p ; m-

m in less than 6 mo.;

w ph

m p m-

m b b50%; b w5 yearsM j m -

or; m ;

PV 20% wh m ; p m

m ; PVv p mb ; w

PV b b

10 years

PV m j w h m ; -

/ PV; PV w


Pr gram guidelines:• d m : w/ x

residential, nonpro t/government, new commercialand retro ts• c mm p j pp 50 W p

p j , , ,

Financing:s -p v PV m

Building c des / standards: • r q p m mp -

p (b p m p q m j m )

• a p p• Also separate state inspection for state nanced instal -

• n w PV• B p p m m

Statutes / regulati ns:• s w PV p

v pm• s m m PV ( m

h 25 W)• n m p 2 MW• rPs p 2007; -

Tax treatment f r PV:• a PV x mp m p p x w b h

p p w• n x h or

Training and certi cation :• o - p ; m h

• Quali ed installers are listed• Occasional training for local of cials

Marketing activities:• d b h w- p v w b-b

h w m , w b-b , v - mp , -m w h , s

d , pp , pp ., w h p m

• r h p w h b ., assns., local code of cial associations, solar industry

• d v p h p p

p w h m

• e w

w • c p m

w “ b ”mp m

awareness of and con - h h






Wisc nsin What The a e D ing T da What The Sa The Need

F rmal G al: 600 kW (dc) to be

2008; - m -

p

Visi n f r PV:2 yearsc w h

W b80% p ;

ww naB-

CEP certi ed in -

5 years c p w h

h p w

10 years c p

State funding:• P m -b v• tw b PV @ $0.23 $0.25 p

Wh 10 • u p m PV h

non-pro ts

Pr gram guidelines:• Q pp

(1-2 weeks for systems <10 kW); longer (4-6 weeks) m

Financing:• n p• l w h b w ,

b v w

Building c des / standards:• r q p m p• n w PV ; p nec

• l m - p b p p m h

Statutes / regulati ns:• s w • n m v b PV m p 20 W• th rPs; v • t m p m z p v

PV p p

Tax treatment f r PV:• B h PV mm PV x mp m

p p x• PV x mp m x

C nstructi n p licies:• n p p h pp m PV

p b h• Wh b h v PV,

PV m -

Training and certi cation:• o - • f m h v b• Installer certi cation through NABCEP• Quali ed installers are listed• Training for code of cials offered

Marketing activities:• P w b-b h w- , -

, -m w h , s d , pp , , w

• s v rPs

• B “v ”

• i b -b w h h h b -b






21 s B l b c e g p c s :RenewableEnergy Loan Programs (s p . 2002).

22 o b b w- PV p m h h v m x (itc) bj “ - b -

pp ” . sp , h itc hm b m “ b z ”, wh h

m v m - p w- p m .

23 th p j b h “s e M h mp h p p z , h h h

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NOTES



Peregrine Energy Group, Inc. is an energy consulting firm based in Boston,

Massachusetts. Founded in 1992, Peregrine provides strategic and technical

services to private and public organizations on a broad range of energy supply

and demand issues.

Services include strategic planning and policy development; market research;regulatory analysis and advocacy; program design and administration; project

development and management; group facilitation and mediation; and energyinformation management.

Peregrine clients include utilities, energy service companies, competitive power

suppliers, trade associations, and federal, state, and local government, as well as

educational institutions, property managers, non-profit organizations, and other

energy end users. Principle areas of energy practice focus on renewable energy

and distributed generation on the supply side and advanced efficiency on thedemand side.

Peregrine manages the Solar Energy Business Association of New England and the

Northeast Energy Efficiency Council, trade associations representing the full rangeof businesses employed in these markets.

Staff apply their specific expertise in renewable technologies and distributed

generation systems to help craft policies that encourage and support the

deployment and interconnection of such technologies and systems. They consult to

state clean energy funds on program and project design and development. Theyalso are engaged in development of individual projects, both at the merchant scale

and behind the meter.

Peregrine has proven capabilities in the areas of performance contracting, green

design, and high performance building construction. They have assisted individualprojects with concept development, financial impact analysis, and technology

selection, as well as project management and building performance measurement

and verification. They have had particular success in the affordable housing sector.

Contact:

Steven Weisman

Peregrine Energy Group, Inc.

45 School Street, 7th Floor

Boston, Massachusetts 02108

Phone: 617.367.0777

Fax: 617.367.6299Email: [email protected]



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CEG Mainstreaming Solar Electricity Apr2008

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