CEE 111 Lecture 1.1

CEE 111 METHODS IV: SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DECISION MAKING

Some Preliminaries

Text:

Revelle, Charles S., E. Earl Whitlatch, and Jeff R. Wright. Civil and Environmental Systems Engineering. Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-047822-1.

Course Description:

CEE111 Methods IV: Systems Analysis and Decision-Making (Credit Units: 4). Analysis and optimization for decision-making in civil and infrastructural systems. Topics include: linear programming formulations and solution algorithms, network models, and logistical models. Prerequisite: CEE110. (Design Units: 1)

Instructor:

Will Recker, Office: AIRB 4074, e-mail: [email protected]

TA:

Mahdieh Allahviranloo, Office: AIRB 4000, e-mail: mallahvi@ uci.edu

Office Hours:

e-mail [email protected] for appointment, AIRB 4074.

Administrative Details

Course Objectives:

To prepare the students to cope with the fundamental issues of designing for optimal performance of infrastructural and other civil engineering systems and to expose them to uncertainties in modeling, design under competing and/or conflicting goals and objectives, economic analysis and management of such systems with a focus on project-level examples.

Course Outcomes:

The student will be able to:

1.Apply the systems-level approach to the analysis and design of civil infrastructure.

2.Formulate linear models of applications in civil engineering systems

3.Solve linear models of applications in civil engineering systems

4.Systematically evaluate design options involving competing objectives

5.Apply a variety of approaches toward solving non-linear models of applications in civil engineering systems

What we’re trying to accomplish

Topics Covered:

1.Basic Systems Concepts and Solvers

2.Civil Engineering Analysis and Design of Linear Systems

3.The Simplex Algorithm for Solving Linear Programs

4.Analysis and Design under Competing/Conflicting Objectives

5.Network Flow Models

6.Models with Integer Solutions

7.Civil Engineering Analysis and Design of Non-linear Systems

Course Content

Design Content:This course incorporates design in the following manner: Approach: The approach taken in this course is to follow virtually every systems engineering principle, either discussed or derived in class, with concrete examples of how that principle is applied in the design of particular civil engineering systems. Lectures:Almost every lecture includes, or leads to, an example of the design of a particular civil engineering system. Significant emphasis is placed on the formulation of problems relative to a specific design goal or achievement. Many of the examples involve evaluation of realistic tradeoffs among competing and/or conflicting design objectives. Design Exercises:The principal focus of every class exercise is the design of a particular civil engineering system.

How we’ll incorporate design

Assignments:

Reading and homework are assigned based on the schedule material covered in each of the classes. Suggested text problems will not be graded, and need not be turned in, but will be discussed during the Discussion sessions. Homework and Design Exercises will be graded and must be handed in by 5:00 P. M. on the indicated day to receive any credit. Completed Homework and Design Exercises should be deposited in the appropriate box located adjacent to the CEE offices on the fourth floor of Engineering Gateway prior to the due date and time. Homework and Design Exercises turned in after the due date/time will not be graded and will receive no credit. Graded Homework and Design Exercises will be returned in the Discussion sessions about one week after the due date. All assignments and any changes to this schedule/procedure will be posted on the course web site: http://eee.uci.edu/12w/17050

Homework and Design Exercises

Exams:

There will be two 1-hr exams and a Final Exam.

The two 1-hour exams will cover all material through previous week’s reading and homework assignments and will be a closed book/notes examination. The Final Exam will cover all material assigned during the quarter and will be a closed book/notes examination. Quizzes covering current material may be administered during any class period. Such quizzed may be either scheduled or unannounced.

Grading Criteria:

Homework & Quizzes 10%Design Exercises 20%Exam 1 20%Exam 2 20%Final Exam 30%

Exams and Grading

Design Problem

Goals & ObjectivesConstraints in Achieving Goals & Objectives

Linear Problems Nonlinear Problems

Continuous Variables

Binary/Integer Variables

Branch & Bound

Single Objective

Multiple Objectives

Weighted Single Goal

Primary Goal + Bounded Secondary

Goals

Single Objective Linear Programming Problem

Exact Solutions Approximate Solutions

Lagrangian + Calculus

Nonlinear System of Algebraic Equations

Kuhn-Tucker

Conditions

Linearization SearchTechniques

Taylor Series

PiecewiseLinearization

Gradient Search

Single Objective Linear Programming Problem

Easy & Well-

behaved

Hard & Not Well-behaved

Design Problem

Goals & ObjectivesConstraints in Achieving Goals & Objectives

Linear Problems Nonlinear Problems

Continuous Variables

Binary/Integer Variables

Branch & Bound

Single Objective

Multiple Objectives

Weighted Single Goal

Primary Goal + Bounded Secondary

Goals

Single Objective Linear Programming Problem

Exact Solutions Approximate Solutions

Lagrangian + Calculus

Nonlinear System of Algebraic Equations

Kuhn-Tucker

Conditions

Linearization SearchTechniques

Taylor Series

PiecewiseLinearization

Gradient Search

Single Objective Linear Programming Problem

The Changing Role of the Engineer

Systems Analysis

The Role of Today’s Civil and Environmental Engineer

• more integrators and managers of technological systems than designers and analysts of their component parts

• increasingly find their work as part of team efforts

• effective communication of high-level ideas as important as the soundness of engineering design

• deal with a built environment that increasingly functions more as an actor in the operation of a complex dynamic system than as an inanimate stage prop in its support

• work across many disciplines and fields, using a systems approach to position their work within the context of ethical, political, environmental and economic consideration

Civil Systems Engineering

Critical Civil &EnvironmentalInfrastructureSystems

EmergingEngineeringTechnologies

• Microelectronics• Communications• Auto Control• Computation

• Integration• Management• Globalization• Active Control

Shaping Forces

Computer EngineeringControl TheoryInformation TechnologyMechanical EngineeringChemical EngineeringBioengineeringMaterials ScienceComputer ScienceOperations ResearchManagement ScienceSocial ScienceEnvironmental Science

Allied FieldsUCI CEE Core Strengths

Earthquake & Structural

Systems

TransportationSystems

SystemsAnalysis

Wat

er &

Envir

onm

enta

l

Syst

ems

A system is an arrangement of physical components connected or related in such a manner as to form and/or act as an entire unit

Systems

• support live load• earthquake resistant• • within budget

2

1 2 3

41

2

3 3 3

1

3 5 20

2 3 2

sin ln

x

x x x

x e

x x dx

1

2

3

x

x

x

• support live load• earthquake resistant• • within budget

2

1 2 3

41

2

3 3 3

1

3 5 20

2 3 2

sin ln

x

x x x

x e

x x dx

1

2

3

x

x

x

• support live load• earthquake resistant• • within budget

2

1 2 3

41

2

3 3 3

1

3 5 20

2 3 2

sin ln

x

x x x

x e

x x dx

1

2

3

x

x

x

• support live load• earthquake resistant• • within budget

2

1 2 3

41

2

3 3 3

1

3 5 20

2 3 2

sin ln

x

x x x

x e

x x dx

1

2

3

x

x

x

• support live load• earthquake resistant• • within budget

2

1 2 3

41

2

3 3 3

1

3 5 20

2 3 2

sin ln

x

x x x

x e

x x dx

1

2

3

x

x

x

• support live load• earthquake resistant• • within budget

2

1 2 3

41

2

3 3 3

1

3 5 20

2 3 2

sin ln

x

x x x

x e

x x dx

1

2

3

x

x

x

• support live load• earthquake resistant• • within budget

2

1 2 3

41

2

3 3 3

1

3 5 20

2 3 2

sin ln

x

x x x

x e

x x dx

1

2

3

x

x

x

• support live load• earthquake resistant• • within budget

2

1 2 3

41

2

3 3 3

1

3 5 20

2 3 2

sin ln

x

x x x

x e

x x dx

1

2

3

x

x

x

The Role of Underspecification in the Design Process

A Simple Example of a Linear System of Equations

1 2

1 2

3 11

2 7 17

x x

x x

1

2

1 3 11

2 7 17

x

x

1

2

1 3 11

0 13 39

x

x

1

2

1 3 11

0 1 3

x

x

1

2

2

3

x

x

1 2 3

1 2 3

3 11

2 7 4 17

x x x

x x x

1

2

3

1 3 1 11

2 7 4 17

x

x

x

1

2

3

1 3 1 11

0 13 6 39

x

x

x

1

2

3

1 3 1 11

0 1 6 13 3

x

x

x

1

2

1 0 2

0 1 3

x

x

1

2

3

1 0 5 13 2

0 1 6 13 3

x

x

x

1

2

3

2 21 13 3.54 1.81 3 1.73

3 45 13 1.15 3.23 9 3.32

0 1 4 0.50 13 0.70

x

x or or or or or or

x

-2x

/-13

-3x

Matrix Form

Completely Specified Underspecified2 Equations3 Unknowns

• support live load• earthquake resistant• • within budget

1

2

3

x

x

x

1 2

1 2

3 11

2 7 17

x x

x x

• support live load• earthquake resistant• • within budget

1

2

3

x

x

x

1 2 3

1 2 3

3 11

2 7 4 17

x x x

x x x