-
8/12/2019 CE6180-Lecture-3-05-Jan-2012
1/36
1/12/20
CE6180:EIALecture3
ENVIRONMENTALLEGISLATIONS
ANDINTERNATIONALTREATIES
-
8/12/2019 CE6180-Lecture-3-05-Jan-2012
2/36
1/12/20
-
8/12/2019 CE6180-Lecture-3-05-Jan-2012
3/36
1/12/20
POLICIESANDLAWSCOVERINGFOLLOWINGAREASARE
IMPORTANTFOREIA
TRENDSINDEVELOPMENTINEIASYSTEM
-
8/12/2019 CE6180-Lecture-3-05-Jan-2012
4/36
1/12/20
Futures of NEPA
Fulfill the responsibilities of each generation as a trustee of theenvironment for succeedin eneration
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT (NEPA) 1969
Assure for all Americans safe, healthful, productive, aesthetically andculturally pleasing surroundings.
Attain the widest range of beneficial uses of the environment withoutdegradation, risk to health or safety, or other undesirable and unintendedconsequences.
Preserve important historical, cultural and natural aspects of our nationalheritage and maintain, where possible, an environment that supportsdiversity and variety of individual choice.
Ac eve a a ance etween popu at on an resource use t at w perm thigh standards of living and wide sharing of lifes amenities.
Enhance the quality of renewable resources and approach the maximumattainable recycling of depletable resources.
NEPA -Section 102 has 3 parts
Part A: Specifies that all agencies of the federal government must utilizea systematic, interdisciplinary EIA approach, which will ensure theintegrated use of natural and social sciences and environmental designarts in planning and in decision making that may have an impact onhuman environment.
Part B: Requires agencies to identify and develop methods andprocedures that will ensure that presently unquantified environmentalamenities and values be given appropriate consideration in decisionmaking along with the economic and technical consideration.
Part C: Indicates the necessity of preparing environmental statements(EISs) and identifies basic statement to be included.
-
8/12/2019 CE6180-Lecture-3-05-Jan-2012
5/36
-
8/12/2019 CE6180-Lecture-3-05-Jan-2012
6/36
1/12/20
INDIA IS THE FIRST COUNTRY IN THE WORLD TO
PROVIDE PROTECTION AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE
ENVIRONMENT IN ITS CONSTITUTION
ARTICLE 48-A
RESPONIBILITY OF STATES TO PROTECT AND IMPROVE THE
ENVIRONMENT
ARTICLE 51-A
IT IS A FUNDAMENTAL DUTY OF EVERY CITIZEN TO
PROTECT&IMPROVE THE ENVIRONMENT
The United Nations Conference on Human Environment held in 1972 at
Stockholm can be termed as the first international awakening to the problems
of environmental pollution. All the participating countries decided and
resolved to take steps to preserve the resources of the earth, including the
quality of Water& Air
-
8/12/2019 CE6180-Lecture-3-05-Jan-2012
7/36
1/12/20
ENVIRONMTAL PROTECTION
EIA is considered as one of the management tool for incorporatingenvironmental concern in developing projects (earlier it was recognized ascontrol for industrial polluting projects).
In India, EIA was started in middle of 1970 with river valley projects.
In January 1994, EIA was made mandatory and project worth Rs. 100 corersas financial threshold for requirement of prior environmental clearance.
The EIA in India started with anAdhocapproach followed by checklistandmatrixmethod and it has matured for the ro ect s eci ica raisal.
ENVIRONMTAL PROTECTION
The Ministry of Environment and Forests, based on the past experience and
current trends in EIA world over has issued a reengineered EIA notification
in September,2006 with following objectives:
Incorporate necessary environmental safeguards at planning stage.
Involves stakeholder in public consultation process
Identify developmental projects based on impact potential instated of
investment criteria.
-
8/12/2019 CE6180-Lecture-3-05-Jan-2012
8/36
1/12/20
EIA NOTIFICATION14TH SEPTEMBER 2006
The highlights of the notification are:
The projects are apprised on the basis of likely pollution potential ratheran e nanc a res o s.
The process of appraisal is decentralized.
The projects have been categorized as A and B depending on expectedpollution levels. Category A projects are appraised at Centre in theMinistry of Environment and Forests and Category B projects areconsidered at the state level b the concerned State Environment Im actAssessment Authority (SEIAA), which is constituted by MoEF inconsultation with the State Government as per provisions of the EIA
notification, 2006.
THEAPPRAISALISUNDERTAKENINFOLLOWINGFOURSTEPS:
ScopingforissuingTORs
Publicconsultation
A raisal.
-
8/12/2019 CE6180-Lecture-3-05-Jan-2012
9/36
1/12/20
STANDARDSANDCRITERIA
Environment (Air/Water) quality criteria are causeeffect relationships,observed experimentally or in field, or exposed to various levels of specific
pollutants.
.
They describe effects that can be expected to occur whenever the level of apollutant reaches or exceeds a specific concentration for a particular timeperiod in air or water environment.
Criteria will changes as new information becomes available.
Environmental standards are prescriptive.
prescr e po u an eve s a canno ega y e excee e ur ng a spec c
time period in a specific geographic area.
The air/water quality standards are based on air/water quality criteria, with
added safety factors as desired.
DEFINITION Anenvironmental standard is a policy guideline that regulates the effect
of human activity upon the environment.
Environmental standards is a set of quality conditions that are to beadhered or maintained for a particular environmental component andfunction.
The different environmental activities have different concerns andtherefore different standards
-
8/12/2019 CE6180-Lecture-3-05-Jan-2012
10/36
1/12/20
Public health and ecologicalwater quality
Desirable water use
Water quality
concentration
Desired vs actual
Inputs
Point sources and
Non point sources
Aquatic ecosystem
(River/Lake)
Reaction, Transport
Environmental En ineerin
Actual Concentration
Desired Concentration
control
WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT
S.
No.
Manifestation of
Problems
Water use
interference
Water quality
problem
Water quality variables
1. Fish Kills , Fishery, Low DO B.O.D , NH3, (ammonia)
PRINCIPAL POLLUTION PROBLEMS AND ASSOCIATED WATER QUALITY
VARIABLES.
nuisance
odors
recreation,
ecological
health
organic nitrogen,
organic solids, photo
plankton, DO
2. Disease
Transmission
Water supply,
Recreation.
High
Bacteria
levels
Total coli form bacteria,
fecal coli form bacteria,
fecal streptococci
Viruses
3. Taste and odors Water su l , Excessive Nitro en, hos horous,
recreation,ecological health
plant growth
phytoplankton.
4. Carcinogens in
water
Water supply High toxic
chemical
Levels
Metals, radioactive
substances, pesticides,
herbicides, toxic product
chemicals
-
8/12/2019 CE6180-Lecture-3-05-Jan-2012
11/36
1/12/20
Designated-Best-
Use
Class of
waterCriteria
Drinking Water Sourcewithout conventional
treatment but after
A Total Coli forms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 50 or less pH between 6.5 and 8.5
Dissolved Ox en 6 m /l or more
WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
disinfection Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20C 2mg/l or less
Outdoor bathing B Total Coli forms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 500 orless
pH between 6.5 and 8.5
Dissolved Oxygen 5 mg/l or more
Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20C 3 mg/l or less
Drinking water source
after conventional
treatment and
C Total Coli forms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 5000 orless
pH between 6 to 9
s n ec on sso ve xygen mg or more
Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20C 3 mg/l or less
Propagation of Wild life
and Fisheries D
pH between 6.5 to 8.5 Dissolved Oxygen 4 mg/l or more
Free Ammonia (as N) 1.2 mg/l or less
Irrigation, IndustrialCooling, Controlled
Waste disposalE
pH between 6.0 to 8.5 Electrical Conductivity at 25C micro mhos/cm Max.2250 Sodium absorption Ratio Max. 26
Boron Max. 2 mg/l
Sl.
No.Substance or Characteristic
Requirement
(Desirable Limit)
Permissible Limit
in the absence of
Alternate source
Essential characteristic s
INDIAN STANDARD DRINKING WATER- SPECIFICATION
( BIS 10500 : 1991 )
. o our, azen un s, ax )
2. Odour Unobjectonable Unobjectionable
3. Taste Agreeable Agreeable
4. Turbidity ( NTU, Max) 5 10
5. pH Value 6.5 to 8.5 No Relaxsation
6. Total Hardness (as CaCo3) 300 600
.,
7. Iron (as Fe) mg/lit,Max 0.3 1.0
8. Chlorides (as Cl) mg/lit,Max. 250 1000
9. Residual,free chlorine,mg/lit,Min 0.2 --
-
8/12/2019 CE6180-Lecture-3-05-Jan-2012
12/36
1/12/20
Desirable Characteristics
10. Dissolved solids mg/lit,Max 500 2000
11. Calcium (as Ca) mg/lit,Max 75 200
12. Copper (as Cu) mg/lit,Max 0.05 1.5
anganese as n mg , ax . .
14 Sulfate (as SO4) mg/lit,Max 200 400
15 Nitrate (as NO3) mg/lit,Max 45 100
16 Fluoride (as F) mg/lit,Max 1.9 1.5
17 Phenolic
Compounds
(as C6
H5OH)mg/lit, Max.
0.001 0.002
18 Mercury (as Hg)mg/lit,Max 0.001 No relaxation
19 Cadmiun (as Cd)mg/lit,Max 0.01 No relaxation
20 Selenium (as Se)mg/lit,Max 0.01 No relaxation
21 Arsenic (as As) mg/lit,Max 0.05 No relaxation
22 Cyanide (as CN) mg/lit,Max 0.05 No relaxation
23Lead (as Pb) mg/lit,Max
0.05No relaxation
24 Zinc (as Zn) mg/lit,Max 5 15
25 Anionic detergents
(as MBAS) mg/lit,Max
0.2 1.0
26 Chromium (as Cr6+)mg/lit,Max 0.05 No relaxation
27 Polynuclear aromatic hydro
carbons (as PAH) g/lit,Max
-- --
28 Mineral Oil mg/lit,Max 0.01 0.03
29 Pesticides mg/l, Max Absent 0.001
30 Radioactive Materials
i. Al ha emitters B /l,Max -- 0.1
ii. Beta emitters pci/l,Max -- 1.0
31 Alkalinity mg/lit.Max 200 600
32 Aluminium (as Al) mg/l,Max 0.03 0.2
33 Boron mg/lit,Max 1 5
-
8/12/2019 CE6180-Lecture-3-05-Jan-2012
13/36
1/12/20
Sl.
No
Parameter Concentration in mg/l
1 pH 5.5-9
2 Temperature oC 45
3 Oil & Grease 20
4 Phenolic compounds 5
5 Ammonical nitrogen 50
TREATMENT PLANT
EFFLUENT STANDARDS
6 Cynade 2
7 Chromium hexavalent 2
8 Chromium 2
9 Copper 3
10 Lead 1
11 Nickel 3
12 Zinc 15
13 Arsenic 0.2
14 Mercury 0.01
15 Cadmium 1
16 Selenium 0.05
17 Fluoride 15
18 Boron 2
19 Radioactive materials
(i)Alpha emitters(c/ml)
(ii)Beta emitters(c/ml)
10-7
10-8
EFFLUENT STANDARDS
Battery Manufacturing Industry Oil Refinery
Bullion Refining Oil Drilling & Gas Extraction Industry
Environment Standards for Coal Mines Organic Chemicals Manufacturing Industr y
Coal Washeries Paint Industry
Coke Ovens Pesticide Industry
Diary Industry Pharmaceuticals Indust ry
Dye & Dye Intermediate Industry Petro-chemicals
Edible Oil & Vanaspati Industry Slaughter House, Meat & Sea Food Industry
Electroplating Industry Pulp & Paper Industr y (Large)
Fermentation Indust ry (Distilleries, Maltries
& Breweries)
Pulp & Paper Industr y (Small)
-
8/12/2019 CE6180-Lecture-3-05-Jan-2012
14/36
1/12/20
Fertiliser Industry Small Scale Industry
Flour Mills Sugar Industry
Food & Fruit Processing Industry Synthetic Rubber
EFFLUENT STANDARDS (CONTD.)
Hospital Wastes Starch Industry
Inorganic Chemical Industry Tannery
Iron & Steel Plant (Integrated) Thermal Power Plant
Jute Processing Industry Thermal Power Plant (Gas/Naptha
Based)
Leather Industry Thermal Power Plant : Temperature Limi t
for Discharge of Condenser CoolingWater
Man-made Fibre Indus try Water Quality Standards for Coastal
Waters Marine Outfalls
Natural Rubber Processing Industry
PARAMETERS & ITS TOLERENCE LIMITS
Inland Public Marine On land for
Surface water sewers coastal irrigation
pH 5.5 -9.0 5.5-9.0 5.5-.9.0 5.5 - 9.0
Total Suspended Solids 100 600 100 200
Total Dissolved Solids 2100 2100 _ 2100
Biochemical Oxygen 30 350 100 100
Demand
Chemical Oxygen 250 _ 250 _
Demand
Ammonical Nitrogen 50 50 50 _
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen 100 _ 100 _
% Sodium _ 60 _ 60
Boron 2 2 2 2
-
8/12/2019 CE6180-Lecture-3-05-Jan-2012
15/36
1/12/20
NATIONALAMBIENT
AIR QUALITY
STANDARDS (NAAQS)
NATIONAL AMBIENT AIRQUALITY STANDARDS (NAAQS)
-
8/12/2019 CE6180-Lecture-3-05-Jan-2012
16/36
1/12/20
GENERALEMISSIONSTANDARDS
Sl.
No. Parameter
Concentration not to be
exceed (in mg/Nm3)
1. Particulate matter (PM) 150
2. Total fluoride 25
3 Asbestos
4 Fibres /cc and dust
should not be more than 2
mg/Nm3
4 Mercury 0.2
5. Chlorine 15
6Hydrochloric acid vapour
and mist35
7 Sulphuric acid mist 50
8 Carbon monoxide 1%
9 Lead 10
S.No
.
Power generation capacity/ Steam
generation capacity
Stack height
(meter)
1. Power generation capacity:
-500 MW and more 275
EQUIPMENTBASEDEMISSIONSTANDARDS
- 1 an
above to less than 500 MW
-Less than 200/210 MW
220
H=(Q) 0.3
2. Steam generation capacity
-Less than 2 tonne/hr
-2 to 5 tonne/hr
-5 to 10 tonne /hr
-10 to 15 tonne/hr
-15 to 20 tonne/hr
09
12
15
18
21
- o onne r-25 to 30 tonne/hr
-More than 30 tonne/hr
27
30 or as per
formula
H=14(Q)0.3
whichever
is moreNote:
H=Physicalheightofthestackinmeter;Q=EmissionrateofSO2inkg/hr.
-
8/12/2019 CE6180-Lecture-3-05-Jan-2012
17/36
1/12/20
The first Indian emission regulations were idle emission limits which becameeffective in 1989.
These idle emission re ulations were soon re laced b mass emission limits for
VEHICULAR EXHAUST EMISSIONS REGULATIONS
both gasoline (1991) and diesel (1992) vehicles, which were gradually tightened
during the 1990s.
Since the year 2000, India started adopting European emission and fuel
regulations for four-wheeled light-duty and for heavy-duty vehicles.
Indian own emission regulations still apply to two- and three-wheeled vehicles.
1989 - Idle Emission Regulation
1991 - Mass Emission Regulation (CO & HC)
1992 - Mass Emission regulation for Diesel Vehicles
1995 - Fitment of catalytic converters for cars in four
metros
1996 - Tightening of emission limits (CO, HC & NOx),
Eva orative Emission & Crank Case Emission
1998 - Norms for catalytic fitted vehicles (50% tighter
standards)
1998 - From September, fitment of catalytic converters
in 42 major cities for petrol driven passenger cars
-
8/12/2019 CE6180-Lecture-3-05-Jan-2012
18/36
1/12/20
2000 - India 2000 (Euro-I equivalent) norms for all 4-
Wheelers- Bharat Stage-II (Euro-II equivalent) norms in
-
2001 - Bharat Stage-II Extended to Mumbai & Kolkata
from January 2001 and Chennai from July 2001
Bharat Stage II (Euro II equivalent) norms for
Commercial Vehicles in Delhi & Kolkata (from
24th October,2001)
- Bharat Stage II norms for Commercial Vehicles inMumbai and Chennai from 01st November, 2001
IMPLEMENTATION OF EUROPEAN UNION EMISSIONS
STANDARD IN INDIA (4-WHEEL VEHICLES)
Standard Reference Date Region
India 2000 Euro 1 2000 Nationwide
Bharat Stage II Euro 2 2001 NCR*, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai
2003.04 NCR*, 10 Cities
2005.04 Nationwide
Bharat Stage III Euro 3 2005.04 NCR*, 10 Cities
2010.04 Nationwide
Bharat Stage IV Euro 4 2010.04 NCR*, 10 Cities
* National Capital Region (Delhi)
Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Pune,
Surat, Kanpur and Agra
The above standards apply to all new 4-wheeler vehicles
-
8/12/2019 CE6180-Lecture-3-05-Jan-2012
19/36
1/12/20
Emission Standards for Diesel Truck and Bus Engines, g/kWh
(GVW > 3,500 kg)
Year Reference CO HC NOx PM
1992 - 17.3-32.6 2.7-3.7 - -
1996 - 11.20 2.40 14.4 -
2000 Euro I 4.5 1.1 8.0 0.36*
2005 Euro II 4.0 1.1 7.0 0.15
. . . .
* 0.612 for engines below 85 kW
Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad,
Ahmedabad, Pune, Surat, Kanpur and Agra
Emission Standards for Light-Duty Diesel Vehicles, g/km
(GVW 3,500 kg)
Year Reference CO HC HC+NOx PM
1992 - 17.3-32.6 2.7-3.7 - -
1996 - 5.0-9.0 - 2.0-4.0 -
2000 Euro 1 2.72-6.90 - 0.97-1.70 0.14-0.25
2005 Euro 2 1.0-1.5 - 0.7-1.2 0.08-0.17
Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad,Ahmedabad, Pune, Surat, Kanpur and Agra
-
8/12/2019 CE6180-Lecture-3-05-Jan-2012
20/36
1/12/20
2
Emission Standards for Gasoline Vehicles (4-wheeler)
GVW 3,500 kg), g/km
Year Reference CO HC HC+NOx
1991 - 14.3-27.1 2.0-2.9 -
1996 - 8.68-12.4 - 3.00-4.36
1998* - 4.34-6.20 - 1.50-2.18
2000 Euro 1 2.72-6.90 - 0.97-1.70
. - . - . - .
* for catalytic converter fitted vehicles
Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad,
Ahmedabad, Pune, Surat, Kanpur and Agra
Emission Standards for 3-Wheel Gasoline Vehicles, g/km
Year CO HC HC+NOx
1991 12-30 8-12 -
. - .
2000 4.00 - 2.00
Emission Standards for 2-Wheel Gasoline Vehicles, g/km
Year CO HC HC+NOx
1991 12-30 8-12 -
1996 4.50 - 3.60
2000 2.00 - 2.00
For 2 & 3 wheelers, Bharat Satge II (Euro 2) is applicable from
April 1, 2005 and Bharat Stage III (Euro 3) is from April 2008.
-
8/12/2019 CE6180-Lecture-3-05-Jan-2012
21/36
1/12/20
2
EMISSION REDUCTIONS IN CARS
-
8/12/2019 CE6180-Lecture-3-05-Jan-2012
22/36
1/12/20
2
AMBIENT NOISE LEVEL STANDARDS
Area code Category of Area Limit in dB(A) Leq.
Day Time Night Time
A Industrial Area 75 70
C Residential Area 55 45
D Silence Zone 50 40
Note 1 : Day time is reckoned in between 6 a.m. & 10p.m.
Note 2 : Night time is reckoned in between 10 p.m & 6a.m.
Note 3 : Silence zone is defined as areas upto 100 meters around such premises as
osp a s, uca ona ns u ons an cour s. e s ence zones areas o e ec are ycompetent authorities.
-
8/12/2019 CE6180-Lecture-3-05-Jan-2012
23/36
1/12/20
2
Environmental Legislation in India
1974: The Water (Prevention & control of Pollution) Act
1977: The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Cess Act
Year
1981: The Air (Prevention & control of pollution) Act
1986: The Environmental(Protection) Act
1989: The Hazardous Wastes ( management & handling) Rules (as amended in
2003)
1989: Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazards Chemical Rules (as
amended in 2000)
1989: Manufacture, Use, Import, Export and Storage of Hazardous MicroOrganisms / Genetically Engineered Micro Organisms or Cells Rules
1991 The Public Liability Insurance Act
1991 Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification1994 Environmental Impact Assessment Notification
1995 The National Environment Tribunal Act
1996 The Chemical Accidents ( Emergency Planning ,Preparedness and Response) Rules
1997 The National Environment Appellate Authority Act
1998 The Bio Medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules
1999 The Recycled Plastics Manufacture & usage Rules
1999 Fly Ash Notification
2000 Municipal Solid Waste (M&H) Rules
2000 The Noise Pollution ( Regulation & control) Rules
2000 Ozone Depleting Substances Rules
2005 Water Quality Monitoring Order 2005
2006 The 2-T Oil (Regulation of Supply and Distribution) Order,
-
8/12/2019 CE6180-Lecture-3-05-Jan-2012
24/36
1/12/20
2
G.S.R. 1(E), [01/01/2010]Standards for Cashew Seed Processing Industry.
G.S.R. 826(E), [16/11/2009]Revised National Ambient Air Quality
G.S.R. 794(E), [4/11/2009] Effluent Standards for Hotel Industry
G.S.R. 595(E), [21/08/2009] Environment (Protection) Fifth AmendmentRules, 2009.(Mass based Standards SRU in Petroleum Oil Refinery)
G.S.R. 543(E), [22/07/2009] Environment (Protection) Amendment Rules,2009.(Brick Kiln Sector)
G.S.R. 512(E), [09/07/2009] Environment (Protection) Amendment Rules,. uen an ar s or armaceu ca n us ry
G.S.R. 149(E), [04/03/2009]
Environment (Protection) Amendment Rules,2009.(Incineretor for Pharmaceutical Industry)
G.S.R.97(E),
[18/02/2009]
Environment
(Protection)
Amendment
Rules,
2009.(RefractoryIndustry)
G.S.R.752(E),[24/10/2008]Environment(Protection)AmendmentRules,2008.(DGSets)
G.S.R.600(E),[18/08/2008]Environment(Protection)AmendmentRules,2008.(Incinerator forPesticideIndustry)
G.S.R.579(E),[6/08/2008]Environment(Protection) AmendmentRules,2008.(CoffeeIndustry)
G.S.R.481(E),[26/06/2008]Environment(Protection)AmendmentRules,2008. CommonHazardousWasteIncinerator
G.S.R.414(E),[30/05/2008]Environment(Protection)AmendmentRules,2008.(SpongeIronPlant)
G.S.R.344(E),[07/05/2008]Environment(Protection)AmendmentRules,2008.(SulphuricAcidPlant)
-
8/12/2019 CE6180-Lecture-3-05-Jan-2012
25/36
1/12/20
2
G.S.R.280(E), [11/04/2008] The Environment (Protection) AmendmentRules, Notification(DG Sets)
G.S.R. 186(E), [18/03/2008]
Environment (Protection) Amendment Rules,2008.(Petroleum oil Refinery)
G.S.R.566(E), [29/08/2007] Environment (Protection) Amendment Rules,2007.(DG Sets)
G.S.R.640(E), [16/10/2006] The Environment (Protection) SecondAmendment Rules, 2006
G.S.R.520(E), [16/06/2006] Environment (Protection) Second AmendmentRules, 2005.
G.S.R.464(E), [7/08/2006] Environment (Protection) Amendment Rules,2006.(DG Sets)
G.S.R.46(E), [3/02/2006] Environment (Protection) Amendmendment, 2006. G.S.R.546(E), [30/08/2005] Revised/New Environmental Standards for Pulp
, ,Drilling Fluids for Offshore and Onshore Drilling Operation, Standards forBoilers using Agriculture Waste as Fuel and Guidelines for Pollution Control in
Ginning Mills. G.S.R.272(E), [05/05/2005] Environment (Protection) Amendment Rules,
2005.
Corrigenda G.S.R.520(E), [12/08/2004]
Environment (Protection) SecondAmendment Rules, 2004.(DG Sets).
G.S.R.448(E), [12/07/2004] The Environment (Protection) SecondAmendment Rules, 2004(DG Sets).
G.S.R.92(E), [29/01/2004] The Environment (Protection) AmendmentRules, 2004.(DG Sets).
G.S.R.520(E), [1/07/2003] The Environment (Protection) AmendmentRules, 2003.(DG Sets).
G.S.R.849(E), [30/12/2002] The Environment (Protection) FourthAmendment Rules, 2002.
G.S.R.489(E), [9/7/2002] The Environment (Protection) Third AmendmentRules, 2002.
G.S.R.371(E), [17/5/2002] The Environment (Protection) SecondAmendment Rules, 2002 (DG Sets).
. . . ,
,Rules, 2001.
G.S.R.682(E), [5/10/1999] The Environment (Protection) (SecondAmendment) Rules, 1999.
G.S.R.7, [22/12/1998]The Environment (Protection) (Second Amendment)Rules, 1998.
-
8/12/2019 CE6180-Lecture-3-05-Jan-2012
26/36
1/12/20
2
THE WATER (PREVENTION & CONTROL OF
POLLUTION) ACT , 1974
(Act VI of 1974 dated 23 March 1974)
Sec. 21: Board has power to take samples of trade effluents
Sec. 25: No person shall establish or operate any industry, operation
or process w ou pr or consen rom e o u on on ro oar
Sec. 33-A : Board has powers to issue directions for closure,
prohibition or regulation of any industry stoppage or regulation of
supply electricity, water or any other services
Sec. 58 No civil court shall entertain any suit or
proceeding of any matter under purview of
A ellateAuthorit no in unction shall be ranted
for any action taken or proposed
THE AIR (PREVENTION & CONTROL OF
POLLUTION) ACT,1981
(Act XIV of 1981 dated 29th March 1981)
Sec. 21: No person operating any industrial plant in an air
pollution control area shall discharge or emit air pollutants into
the atmosphere without getting prior consent of the Pollution
Control Board
Sec. 31 Industry shall make an appeal to the Appellate
Authority against any orders of the Board within 30 days
-
8/12/2019 CE6180-Lecture-3-05-Jan-2012
27/36
1/12/20
2
Sec. 31A Board has power to issue direction for closure, prohibition or
regulation of any industry operation or process to stop the supply
THE AIR (PREVENTION & CONTROL OF POLLUTION)
ACT, 1981 (contd.)
,
Sec. 37 Contravention leads to punishment with imprisonment not less
than one and half yrs with fine
ENVIRONMENT (PROTECTION) ACT, 1986The Bhopal Tragedy in which a leak of Methyl Iso Cyanate (MIC) killed more than
2700 people and injured over two hundred thousand people aggravated the environmental
.
mankind which took place on 3rd December 1984.
The Water and Air Acts have no provisions to deal with entire environmental
problems and have only limited provisions.
-
8/12/2019 CE6180-Lecture-3-05-Jan-2012
28/36
1/12/20
2
To combat all these and to have a comprehensive Umbrella legislation which can cover
the entire problem of environment, Parliament enacted the Environment (Protection) Act,
1986 under Article 253 of the constitution namely for giving effect to internationalagreements.
. ,
comprehensive penetrating and integrated in its approach than the earlier Acts relating to
control of pollution. This Act projects a wider perspective and strategy for environmental
planning, its preservation conservation and protection.
Section 2:
Which is a definition clause has widened the scope by giving very elaborate
definitions to the environment, environmental pollution, pollutant and hazardous
substances so as to include not only water, air or land but it also covers human beings,
other living creatures, plants, microorganisms and property and their relationship
intense. These definitions are certainly exhaustive and elaborate which renders it
impossible for a polluter or potential polluter to get out of the clutches of this Act.
-
8/12/2019 CE6180-Lecture-3-05-Jan-2012
29/36
1/12/20
2
THE ENVIRONMENT (PROTECTION) ACT, 1986
(Act XXIX of 1986 dated 23rd May 1986)
Sec. 3 Central Government has powers to take all measures to protect
and improve the quality of the environment and prevent
control and abate environmental pollution
Sec. 5 Central Government has powers to issue directions which
includes the closure prohibition or regulation of an industry; to
stop supply of electricity , water or any other essential services
Sec. 15 Any one who fails to comply with or contravene any of the
prov s ons o s c or u es s a e a e or pena y w c
may extend to five years or with fine which may extend to one
lakh rupees or with both
THE ENVIRONMENT(PROTECTION) RULES,1986
Rule 3 AState Boards may prescribe more stringent standards for relevant
parameters with respect to specific industry or locations
Schedule I has various types of industries and operations arranged in 86
categories (as on March 2000) and the parameters/ standards they have to
achieve are prescribed
Schedule III States the Ambient Air Quality Standards in respect of noise for
various areas like industrial; commercial; residential and silence zone
-
8/12/2019 CE6180-Lecture-3-05-Jan-2012
30/36
1/12/20
3
Schedule IV States the standards for emission of smoke, vapour etc, from
motor vehicles which includes petrol and diesel driven vehicles
Schedule V Prescribes the authorities and agencies to whom information
should be furnished in case of emergencies
Schedule VI prescribes general standards for discharge of environmental
pollutants from industries & operations who are not in schedule I
HAZARDOUS
WASTE
(MANAGEMENT
&
HANDLING)
RULES,1989ASAMENDEDIN2003
(EFFECTIVEFROM20.5.2003)
TheseRulesarenotapplicableto;
a) Waste water and exhaust gases as covered under
Water (P&CP) Act, 1974 as amended and the Air
(P&CP) Act, 1981 as amended in 1987.
beyond five kms as covered under the provisions of
the Merchant Shipping Act, 1958 and the rules made
thereunder.
-
8/12/2019 CE6180-Lecture-3-05-Jan-2012
31/36
1/12/20
3
c) radioactive wastes as covered under the provision of
the Atomic Energy Act, 1962 & rule made thereunder
d biomedical wastes under the Biomedical wastes
(Management & Handling) Rules, 1998
e) wastes covered under the Municipal Solid Wastes
(Management & Handling) Rules, 2000.
f) the lead acid batteries covered under the Batteries
(Management & Handling) Rules, 2001.
hazardous waste means any waste which by
reason of any of its physical, chemical, reactive,
toxic, flammable, explosive or corrosive
characteristics causes danger or is likely to cause
danger to health or environment, whether alone or
when in contact with other wastes or substances,
and shall include
-
8/12/2019 CE6180-Lecture-3-05-Jan-2012
32/36
1/12/20
3
RULE 4: Responsibility of occupier and operator of
a facility
Proper collection, reception and treatment of
wastes.
RULE 4A: Duties of the occupier and operator of a
facility
To contain contaminants and prevent accidents
and limit their consequences on human and the
environment.
To provide persons working on the site with the
information, training and equipment necessary to
ensure their safety.
RULE5:
Grant
of
Authorisation
for
handling
hazardouswaste.
, ,
and disposed only in authorised facilities.
Application for authorisation to be made by
occupier or an operator of a facility.
Application complete in all respects to be
processed within 90 days.
-
8/12/2019 CE6180-Lecture-3-05-Jan-2012
33/36
1/12/20
3
RULE6:
State Pollution control boards has power to
any of the condition of authorisation.
RULE7:
,
wastes to be in accordance with the rules under MotorVehicles Act.
COASTAL REGULATION ZONE AND REGULATINGACTIVITIES IN THE COASTAL REGULATION ZONE
The Government of India hereby declares the coastal
stretches of seas, bays, estuaries, creeks, rivers and back
waters which are influenced by tidal action(in the landward
side) up to 500 meters from the High Tide Line(HTL) and
the land between the Low Tide Line(LTL) and the HTL as
date of this Notification, the following restrictions on the
setting up and expansion of industries, operations or
processs etc. in the said Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ)
-
8/12/2019 CE6180-Lecture-3-05-Jan-2012
34/36
1/12/20
3
MunicipalsolidWaste(Management&handling)Rules
2000
GiveclearguidelinesonMethodologyinsegregation,, ,
ofMunicipalSolidWaste.
Segregationatsourceisinsisted
CompostingandVermicomposing
RecyclablewastetoRecycling
Non rec clable & Non biode radable waste tolandfill.
SALIENT FEATURES OF BIO -MEDICAL WASTES
(MANAGEMENT AND HANDLING ) RULES, 1998
The Bio Medical Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules 1998, have been framed
with an objective to ensure that Bio Medical Wastes are handled and disposed in an
environmentally safe manner without adverse health effects.
The rule defines the duty of occupier generating Bio Medical Wastes and prescribes
measures for proper segregation, packaging, treatment, transportation, storage, and
disposal of Bio-Medical Wastes.
The rule also lays down the responsibilities of State Government, Advisory Committee,
Occupier of a Facility generating Biomedical Wastes, Operator of a Facility treating Bio
Medical Wastes and the Prescribed Authority.
-
8/12/2019 CE6180-Lecture-3-05-Jan-2012
35/36
1/12/20
3
FUTUREEIAPROCEDURE
Over the years, vast experience has been gained over project level EIA andthere is a need to introduce next generation EIA procedures for sustainabledevelopment. These could be through:
Re ional a roach to avoid stress on ecolo ical s stem
Cumulative impact assessment for assimilative capacities and for valuedenvironmental resources.
Strategic environmental assessment (SEA): for plans, polices andprogrammes with sustainable development as key drivers.
Programmatic EIAs to address impacts of large scale homogeneousprojects like coal mining, iron ore mining, stone mining with area approachso that overall assessment may suffice rather than small individual cases.
Sectoral EIAs for compassion of intraindustrial sector like refineries, steelplant, smelters, mega power projects etc. for deciding the bench marks intechnologies natural resources utilization (land, water etc.,)
-
8/12/2019 CE6180-Lecture-3-05-Jan-2012
36/36
1/12/20
