CE204 CREATIVE THINKING based on lateral thinking concepts developed by Edward de Bono Adapted by J. (Hans) van Leeuwen.

CE204CE204

CREATIVE CREATIVE THINKINGTHINKING

based on lateral thinking concepts based on lateral thinking concepts

developed bydeveloped by

Edward de BonoEdward de Bono

Adapted by J. (Hans) van LeeuwenAdapted by J. (Hans) van Leeuwen

Instructor of the weekInstructor of the weekProfessor J(Hans) van Leeuwen

from/of the Lions

• Born in Gouda, Netherlands• Grew up in South Africa• Lived in Australia for 7 y• Lived in Ames for 7 y

Specialty: Environmental Engineering

Particularly resource recovery from industrial wastes and wastewaters

Edward de BonoEdward de Bono

• Maltese

• Island Malta

Edward de Bono BiographyEdward de Bono Biography

• http://www.edwdebono.com/debono/biograph.htm• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_de_Bono• Global Companies using de Bono's methods:

3M - ABB - American Express - AT&T - Barclays Bank - Bausch& Lomb - Bayer - Bell - Benson & Hedges - Boeing - BP - Ciba-Geigy British Airways - British Coal - Canada Life - Citibank - Conco - DuPont - Eli Lily - Ericsson - Exxon - Ford - General Foods - General Motors - IBM - Johnson & Johnson - Kelloggs - Kodak -KPMG - Labatt - Mars - Merck - Microsoft - Monsanto - Motorola - NASA - NTT - Pepsi Cola - Polaroid - Procter & Gamble - Prudential - Pfizer - Rothmans - Siemens – Sithline - Beecham - Statoil - Total - Xerox

List of Books by de BonoList of Books by de Bono• The Use of Lateral Thinking (1967) ISBN 0-14-013788-2, introduced the term "lateral thinking" • New Think (1967, 1968) ISBN 0-380-01426-2 • The Five-Day Course in Thinking (1968), introduced the L game • The Mechanism of the Mind (1969), Intl Center for Creative Thinking 1992 reprint: ISBN 0-14-013787-4, suggests that the mind is a pattern matching machine • Lateral Thinking: Creativity Step by Step, (1970), Harper & Row 1973 paperback: ISBN 0-06-090325-2 • The Dog-Exercising Machine (1970) Technology Today (1971) Practical Thinking (1971) • Lateral Thinking for Management (1971) Po: A Device for Successful Thinking (1972), ISBN 0-671-21338-5, introduced the term Po • Children Solve Problems (1972) ISBN 13-978-0060110246, ISBN 10-0060110244 • Po: Beyond Yes and No (1973), ISBN 0-14-021715-0 • Eureka!: An Illustrated History of Inventions from the Wheel to the Computer (1974) • Teaching Thinking (1976) • The Greatest Thinkers: The Thirty Minds That Shaped Our Civilization (1976), ISBN 0-399-11762-8 • Wordpower (1977) The Happiness Purpose (1977) • Opportunities : A handbook for business opportunity search (1978) Future Positive (1979) • Atlas of Management Thinking (1981) De Bono's Course in Thinking (1982) • Learn-To-Think: Coursebook and Instructors Manual (1982), ISBN 0-88496-199-0 co-authored with Michael Hewitt-Gleeson and co-founder of the School of Thinking • Tactics: The Art and Science of Success (1985) Conflicts (1985) • Masterthinker's Handbook (1985) Six Thinking Hats (1985) ISBN 0-316-17831-4 • I Am Right, You Are Wrong: From This to the New Renaissance: From Rock Logic to Water Logic (1990) ISBN 0-14-012678-3 • Six Action Shoes (1991) Handbook for the Positive Revolution (1991) ISBN 0-14-012679-1 • Serious Creativity: Using the Power of Lateral Thinking to Create New Ideas (1992) ISBN 0-00-255143-8 – a summation of many of De Bono's ideas on creativity

• Sur/Petition (1992) ISBN 0-88730-543-1 - creating value monopolies when everyone else is merely competing. • Teach Yourself How to Think (1995) How to Be More Interesting (1998) Simplicity (1999) • Thinking in the New Millennium (1999) Why I Want To Be King of Australia (1999) • How to Have A Beautiful Mind (2004) Six Value Medals (2005) • H+ (Plus): A New Religion (2006) How to Have Creative Ideas (2007) De Bono has also written numerous articles published in refereed

and other journals, including The Lancet and Clinical Science.

Exercise on adding Exercise on adding numbers 1-100numbers 1-100

• The average value is ½(1 + 100) = 50.5

For 100 numbers, the sum is 50.5 x 100 = 5050

• One way would be to plot the series of numbers as x from 1 to 100 and showing the value as y 1 to 100. To form a triangle, we need to start at 0, so we have 101 numbers. The sum of the numbers is the integral of the triangle, i.e. ½ basis x height, i.e. 101/2 x 100 = 5050

IntroductionIntroduction• Lack of creativity in society - indicators

• Engineers are not creative– temperament– measurables– risk management– competence

Development of technology and intelligence

The origin of thinking - flee or fight

Roots

Topics of DiscussionTopics of Discussion• Barriers to creativity

– Misconceptions

• Perceptions– Logic of creativity

• Need for creativity• Techniques to be more creative• Exercises

Barriers to CreativityBarriers to Creativity

Misconceptions– Art is always creative– Creativity is a talent– School performance– IQ is HP - repartee

- 2-finger typing

Groove thinkingGroove thinking

•Zombie•“What is” vs. “What could be”•Crossing Barriers Provocative operations

– square wheels– landing plane

PerceptionsPerceptionsThinking process

Perception Process•90% of errors•Math, Stat, Comp, Logic

IT is readily available THINKING IS SCARCE!

ExamplesExamples

– Violin– TV host– Releasing wood block– Coins

Need for CreativityNeed for Creativity

• Innovation - competency• Technology lacks in value• Input-time efficiency• Examples

– Halve a rectangle– Communication

ExerciseExerciseHow to reduce gasoline consumption

– Engineering: more efficient engines– Engineering: improved aerodynamics– Engineering: alternative fuels– Better: public transport– Still better: walk, bicycles– Creative: work from home,

shop on-line

Supporting information Supporting information and examplesand examples

–Oil wells–Life insurance–Olympics–Blood flow in lungs–Parallel thinking

Techniques of CreativityTechniques of Creativity• Asymmetry of thinking

– Leaf on tree – Hindsight– Humor - golf clubs– Blowing balloons

• Overcoming hurdles– Skew pathways - walk for a change

Techniques to overcome Techniques to overcome obstaclesobstacles

– Random provocation– Creative pausing– Challenge– Alternatives– Concepts– Six thinking hats– Stratals– Filaments

ProvocationProvocation

• Close the letter after mailing• Peer exams• Die before you die• Criminals pay the police force• Shoplifters identify themselves• Plane waits for you• More room on airplane

Random ProvocationRandom Provocation

Pick a random word or concept and link

Example – parking Link to…

Exercises

Examples and ExercisesExamples and Exercises

• Advertising - town crier

• Industry - compliance with discharge regulations

• Taxi knows the way

PP

Examples and ExercisesExamples and Exercises

• Chicken and dog - fence, food

• Prevent person to go from A B

C• Redesign umbrella

Word PlayWord Play

• Butterfly• Go-getter?• Vegetarian eats vegetables• Humanitarian?• How do you get off a non-stop flight?• Drive on parkways and park on driveways?• Ship goods – cargo; by truck shipment?• Isn’t a good steak rarely well done?

The REAL problemThe REAL problem

Automobiles – main problem in a city?

• Busy streets

• Smog

• Parking

• Centralization

• Meeting

Example: Parking ProblemsExample: Parking Problems

Time value of hunting Risks Buy a spot? Tokyo

Buy a right? Singapore Buy it with the car? Toyota

BrainstormingBrainstorming

Cardinal rule: Anything goes, just be polite

1. Have fun2. Think radically3. Violate the constraints4. Work quickly5. Do not dwell on any idea6. Build out ideas of others7. Stay focused on the problem8. Write down the ideas9. Use a random noun to “seed” when stuck

Tips:

Gyro GearlooseGyro Gearloose

Name:   Gyro Gearloose Address:   He lives together with his Helper in a house or perhaps in his workshop in Duckburg. Born:   19?? on the Northside, Duckburg First appearance:   1952 in Gladstone's Terrible Secret. Created by:   Carl Barks Father:   Fulton Gearloose Mother:   Unknown Siblings:   Unknown Spouse:   None Children:   None

Other close relatives:   Ratchet Gearloose (grandfather)Nephew called Newton (wearing a mortar board hat)

Occupation:   An intelligent, but not always successful inventor

Gearloose InventionsGearloose Inventions

The illogicalThe illogical• Dear Abby, A couple of women moved in across the hall from me.

One is a middle-aged gym teacher and the other is a social worker in  her mid twenties. These two women go everywhere together and I've never  seen a man go into their apartment.  Do you think they  could be Lebanese?

• Dear Abby, What can I do about all the Sex, Nudity, Fowl Language and Violence on my VCR?

• Dear  Abby, I have a man I can't trust. He cheats so  much, I'm not even sure the baby I'm carrying is his.

• Dear Abby,I  was married to Bill for three months and I didn't know he drank until one night he came home sober.

• Dear Abby,My forty year old son has been paying a psychiatrist $50.00 an hour every week for two and a half years. He must be crazy.

Nature of conceptsNature of concepts

We are in the business of• selling gold-plated pens• selling writing instruments• selling prestige writing instruments• luxury personal items• luxury goods• selling whatever people want• making our directors happy• making profits

Concept FanConcept Fan

Problem: Hang something from ceiling

• Ladder

• New concepts

- lengthen arm

- throw object

- use a stand instead

Example of the concept fanExample of the concept fan::Problem: Coping with Water ShortageProblem: Coping with Water ShortageReduce consumption• Increase efficiency of use• Reduce wastage• Discourage use• Getting to it: Education

Increase supply

• New sources• Recycling• Less wastage

Do without• Stop water using

processes• Avoid need to use water• Use other fluid

Use other fluid• Wastewater• Oil• Air/vacuum

Concept fanConcept fan

1. Place the problem in a circle.

2. Fan out with possible solutions.

3. If needed, step back for a broader view.

4. Generate solutions to the broader problem.

5. Repeat steps 3-5.

ExampleExample

Clean waterat local beach

Extend outfalls

Filter sea water

Patrol beach litter

Control pollution entering sea

Contain trash dumped at sea

Reduce pollution from ships

Improve WQ

Control ag & industrial pollution

Impose large fines

Imprison polluters

Inspire public outrage

Improve sewage treatment

Monitor river WQ

Ban solid discharge

Allow free dumping at ports

Monitor

Eliminate it

Reduce return to beaches

Make polluting unprofitable

From mindtools.com

Lateral thinkingLateral thinking“Approaching problems indirectly at diverse angles instead of concentrating on one approach at length”

Problem: Muhammad won't come to the mountain.

1. Mountain must come to Muhammad (the classic answer) 2. Use a video conference3. Use an intermediary4. Ask him what he wants to come to the mountain5. See if he'll accept a free timeshare slot in a holiday

home, which just happens to be on the mountain6. Wait until he changes his mind 7. Cut your losses and tackle a different problem

From wikipedia.org

What is creative thinking?What is creative thinking?

1. Use glue instead of staples2. Use insect repellent to kill flies3. Replace screens with glass and an air conditioner4. Use a softer frame5. Kill flies with UV lights6. Clamp the screens into the frame7. Eliminate the window and use a camera and a

monitor to view the outside8. Lure insects away from window with food or pheromones

You frequently encounter a problem that staples used in attaching fly-screens do not penetrate the timber frame well. Suggest two or three creative alternative approaches, bearing in mind what the ultimate objective is. We need to move beyond engineering solutions.

From CE 203, Fall 2005, exam 1

Lateral thinking puzzlesLateral thinking puzzles1. A carrot, a pile of pebbles, and a pipe lying together

in the middle of a field. 2. Joe, wearing a mask and carrying an empty sack,

leaves his house. An hour later he returns with a full sack. He goes into a room and turns out the lights.

3. A man walks into a bar and asks for a drink. The bartender pulls out a gun and points it at him. The man says, "Thank you," and walks out.

4. Mr. Browning is glad the car ran out of gas. 5. A man ate some food that was not poisoned, yet

nevertheless caused him to die. 6. A man leaves a motel room, goes to his car, honks

the horn, and returns.

From rinkworks.com

More ExercisesMore Exercises

• Urgent parking

• Urgent telephones

• Page numbering

• Shape of glasses

More ExercisesMore Exercises

• Ballpoint

• Cut square in 4 pieces

• Construction drill bits

Parallel Thinking – 6 HatsParallel Thinking – 6 Hats

Obtain facts

Feelings

Disadvantages

Creative thinking

Overview

Benefits

Engineering slant – logic?Engineering slant – logic?

• To the optimist, the glass is half-full. To the pessimist, the glass is half-empty.

To the engineer, the glass is 2x as big as it need be.• What is the difference between mechanical

engineers and civil engineers?

Mechanical engineers build weapons and civil engineers build targets.

• Normal people believe that if it ain't broke, don't fix it.

Engineers believe that if it ain't broke,

it’s safe to add more features.

The Illogical ThoughtThe Illogical Thought

Logic?

Question 1, Assignment Question 1, Assignment

• Create a joke of your own• Consider some de Bono techniques in doing this• By preference, the joke should be based on

wordplay, e.g. double meanings or similar sounding words, or illogical thoughts

• Include explanation of how constructed• Statement on authenticity to be included• Send to [email protected] – heading must

include “CE204 joke”