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FLOORING SYSTEMS:
WOOD / TIMBER
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-is the general term for a permanent covering of a floor orfor the work of installing such a floor covering
-are horizontal planes that must support both live loads -people ,furnishing and movable equipment and dead loads-the weight of the floor construction ,itself.
-must transfer their load horizontally across space to eitherbeams and columns or to loadbearing walls. Rigid floor planescan also be designed to serve as horizontal diaphragms thatact as thin, Wide beams in transferring lateral forces to shearwalls.
-is composed of a series of linear beams and joists overlaidwith a plane of sheathing or decking , or consist of a nearlyhomogenous of reinforced concrete.
FLOORING SYSTEM
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FLOORING SYSTEM
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FLOORING SYSTEM
3 TYPES OF FLOORING SYSTEM:
1. Wood / Timber
2. Concrete3. Steel
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Softwoods originate from coniferous trees (also known asevergreens, or gymnosperms). Rather than losing their leavesall at one time, they tend to shed their leaves (which resembleand are called "needles") throughout the year and bear cones.
TYPES OF WOODS
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Hardwoods, on the other hand, come fromdeciduous trees which lose their leaves throughoutthe year and produce seeds covered with some kindof covering (sometimes a fruit or nut).
TYPES OF WOODS
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WOOD / TIMBER
FLOORING-is any product manufactured from timber that is designed for useas flooring, either structural or aesthetic.
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WOOD / TIMBER
FLOORING
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WOOD / TIMBER
FLOORING
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PRIMARY FORMS OF WOOD
FLOORING1. PLANK- is a piece of timber, flat, elongated and rectangular, with
parallel faces, higher or longer than wide, used in theconstruction of ships, houses, bridges, etc...
- Usually from sawn timber, more than 38 mm thick, and
generally wider than 63 mm
2. PARQUET- is a geometric mosaic of wood pieces used for
decorative effect. The two main uses of parquetry are
as veneer patterns on furniture and block patternsfor flooring.
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1.PLANK
2.PARQUET
PRIMARY FORMS OF WOOD
FLOORING
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2 TYPES OF
WOOD/TIMBERFLOORING1.SOLID
-Solid hardwood floors were originally used for structural purposes, beinginstalled perpendicular to the wooden support beams of a building Known asbearers and joists. Modern construction techniques rarely use bearers and
joists for the subfloor construction with most homes built being of a concreteslab basis with a wood building frame, solid hardwood floors are used almost
exclusively for their appearance.For flooring, solid wood has natural characteristics. Hardwoods arehygroscopic that means they acquire and lose moisture due to the ambientconditions around them. Typically, 100mm thick boards are the largest thatcan be manufactured from solid wood without compromising the structure ofthe flooring (some manufacturers produce wider boards using proprietarymilling techniques). For contemporary construction techniques, the most
significant characteristic of solid wood floors is that they are able to beinstalled over concrete slab - the battening system having the leastmaintenance.
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1.ENGINEERED-Engineered wood flooring is composed of two or more layers of wood in
the form of a plank. The top layer is the wood that is visible when the flooringis installed, and is adhered to the core (or substrate) which provides thestability.Laminate, vinyl and veneer floors are often confused with engineered wood
floors - laminate uses an image of wood on its surface, vinyl is plastic formedto look like wood, and veneer uses a thin layer of wood with a core that couldbe one of a number of different composite wood products (most commonly,high density fibreboard).Engineered wood is the most common type of wood flooring used globally.North America is the only continent that has a larger solid wood market thanengineered, although engineered wood is quickly catching up in market
share.
2 TYPES OF
WOOD/TIMBERFLOORING
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2 TYPES OF
WOOD/TIMBERFLOORING
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TOOLS NEEDED IN
WOOD/TIMBER FLOORING1. SOLID WOOD PLANKS2. WOOD PUTTY3. PNEUMATIC FLOOR NAILER4. DRILL WITH DRILL BITS5. HAMMER6. NAILSET AND NAIL7. CIRCULAR SAW / MITER SAW8. TABLE SAW9. PRY BAR10. SPACERS11. PENCIL12. TAPE MEASURE13. DEAD BLOW HAMMER14. NYLON TAPPING BLOCK15. UTILITY KNIFE16. SAFETY GLASSES , DUST MASK AND KNEE PADS
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METHODS IN
WOOD/TIMBER FLOORING1.Nail Down InstructionsThis type of method is used primarily when installing a solid wood floor. Since solid wood
floors are usually thicker, they need to be nailed in order to stay in place properly. As wediscussed in our article titled Solid or Engineered Flooring, which is right for me, solid woodflooring has a tendency to expand and contract more than engineered flooring. With thatin mind, using a glue down method would prove to be a huge mistake with a solid floor.
There are some exceptions to this rule. One such exception would be the NaturalReflections series by Bruce. While most solid wood floors are 3/4" thick, this product comes5/16" thick. Since the product is much thinner than a conventional solid wood floor, youexperience less expansion and contraction. This product can be stapled or glued down.
Nowadays, most consumers are getting away from the solid wood flooring in favor of theengineered products because of their superior stability. There are some situationshowever, where the solid wood flooring might be beneficial. One such application might be
if you have existing solid wood floors in certain areas of your home, and you want toextend that flooring into other areas. As we mentioned previously, if you would like tolearn more about solid wood floors versus engineered, read our article titled Solid orEngineered Flooring, which is right for me.
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2.Staple Down Installations
This installation method has become more popular since engineered wood flooring has grownin popularity. This installation method is mainly used with engineered plank or strip woodfloors over a plywood or wood sub-floor. Certain wood floors require specific types of staplesizes. It is recommended that you find out what type of staples are required for the series offlooring you have selected. The staple down method has been proven to be a good choice for
certain product lines.
METHODS IN
WOOD/TIMBER FLOORING
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3.Glue Down Installations
This installation method is most common when installing an engineered strip or plank woodfloor over a concrete sub-floor. If done properly, a glue down installation is a very stable one.A lot of people with plywood sub-floors have also learned that a glue down installation canalso be beneficial. The reason being is that it can be quieter than a staple down install withless creaking when the floors expands and contracts.
One major drawback to the glue down installation can be the evenness of the sub-floor, orcorrect sub-floor preparation. If you install an engineered wood floor using the glue downinstallation method, and your sub-floor is not flat, you are asking for some serious futureproblems. One of those problems will be something known as "popping". This is where thebond of the glue breaks loose in a low spot of the floor, and that section is no longer attachedto the sub-floor. Another problem can be improper bonding. This is usually caused when thesub-floor was not cleaned properly and the glue you are spreading on the floor is actually
being spread over the dust and/or dirt. This can also cause the bond to be broken. Yet anotherproblem with this installation method is the use of a non-approved floating or flashingcompound. I know I probably just lost you so let me explain. If your sub-floor is not even, youwill need to use a cement type compound to flash or float that area in order to make it flat inpreparation for the wood floor installation. After you install a wood floor using themanufacturers' recommended adhesive, that adhesive has a tendency to shrink and pull thewood floor tighter down to the sub-floor. If the correct flashing or floating compound is notused, when the adhesive shrinks, it can literally rip the compound right off the floor, leavingyou with a section or sections that is not bounded.
METHODS IN
WOOD/TIMBER FLOORING
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4. Free-Float Installations
This installation method has grown tremendously in popularity over the last few years. It hasbecome known as one of the most stable and forgiving installation methods available. Thereason this installation method is so stable, is because it is not attached to the sub-floorwhatsoever.
The free-float installation method is most common with products known as engineeredlongstrip wood floors. This product type is somewhat of a panel system. Most products in thiscategory come in boards approximately 8" by 96", and may vary in size depending on themanufacturer. Here's what makes this product, and the way it's installed so unique. Theseproducts are installed by first laying down an underlayment, usually foam or a plastic andfoam combination, and then the wood flooring is laid on top of that underlayment, a bead ofwater based glue is applied to the tongue and groove per the manufacturers' instructions, theboards are tapped together using a tapping block, and the excess glue is wiped off with a
damp cloth.
METHODS IN
WOOD/TIMBER FLOORING