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Introduction of CCTV

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Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) is a system in which the circuit is closed and all the elements are directly connected. This is unlike broadcast television where any receiver that is correctly tuned can pick up the signal from the airwaves. Directly connected in this context includes systems linked by microwave, infrared beams, etc. This article introduces the main components that can go to make up CCTV systems of varying complexity.

The Applications for CCTV

Probably the most widely known use of CCTV is in security systems and such applications as retail shops, banks, government establishments, etc. The true scope for applications is almost unlimited. Some examples are listed below.

• Monitoring traffic on a bridge.

• Recording the inside of a baking oven to find the cause of problems.

•Used by the stage manager of a show to see obscured parts of a set.

• The well-published use at football stadiums.

• Hidden in buses to control vandalism.

• Recording the birth of a gorilla at a zoo.

• Making a wildlife program using a large model helicopter.

• Production control in a factory.

How Does it work?

The simplest system is the line-powered camera, which has a camera connected directly to a monitor by a coaxial cable, and from that evolved the outputs from four cameras into the monitor, with a built-in microphone. Now there are many line-powered systems on the market that are far more sophisticated, with most of the earlier disadvantages having been overcome.

Then there is the system in which both camera and monitor are mains-powered, with a coaxial cable carrying the video signal from the camera to the monitor, which allows for much more flexibility in designing complex systems. You could also add a video recorder.

Fixed cameras have their obvious limitations, especially if there is a large area to cover, so the advent of cameras fixed to a movable platform, controlled from a remote location, was warmly welcomed.

CCTV cameras can be used both indoors and outdoors, although in the case of the latter they will require a protective housing. In some instances it may be practical to have a system which has a combination of both fixed and movable cameras.

The CCTV system continues to evolve and these days it is possible to have a multiple recording of many cameras; touch-screen control; immediate full color prints from a camera or recording; and the switching of thousands of cameras from many separate control positions to dozens of monitors, among many other sophisticated applications.

How to Install a Security CCTV Camera

The idea of drilling holes through the walls of your home to run video and power cables for a security camera system might seem difficult and daunting; however with a little bit of information you might find it to be fairly simple and an enjoyable project.

Steps For Installation

1. Get the right cables. RG59 Siamese Cable, is the industry standard type of cable used for most CCTV installs. This cable consists of one video cable and one power cable (Positive and Negative), thus the name Siamese.

2. Find the right location for your cameras. There is a special CCTV design software to choose a right location for CCTV camera. You can import your floor plans/site plan into this software and then add cameras, choose desired camera coverage and get angle of view, required lens focal length and 3D mockups.

3.For most homes cameras are installed where the roof meets the walls of the house. This is a good location because it shelters the cameras from the elements (Wind, rain, snow and sun). Also, cameras placed near the roof usually have a better field of view and are less likely to be vandalized. Another advantage is simplified cable runs Power & video) since many homes have a small gap or hole where cables can be run between the roof and the wall.

4.Find a point of entrance from the outside of the house to the inside. Most homes have an attic which is a great place to run all your RG59 lines into.

5. Designate one location for your DVR and Monitor to be stationed.

6. Bring all the RG59 lines into that room from the attic. If you purchased the RG59 cable with BNC connections already attached then at this point you would connect these to the DVR.

7. If you purchased a bulk roll of RG59 cable without connections you would need to purchase the BNC connections and crimp each end on, then connect to the DVR.

8. These cameras require DC voltage for their power supply. You can either connect the power supply line from each camera separately into an outlet (using pig tails) and an AC Adapter, or you can get an AC/DC power supply box, plug all the camera power lines into the box, then connect one AC power line from the outlet to the box.

9. Warning:-In either case you must ensure that the correct DC voltage is supplied to your cameras or they will suffer permanent damage.

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