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CCNA Semester 2
Chapter 01Chap
ter 01
WANs AND ROUTERsWANs AND ROUTERs
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Table of ContentTable of Content
1 WANs2 Router
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ObjectivesObjectives
Identify organizations responsible for WANstandards The difference between a WAN and LAN The type of standards and protocols are used in
WAN Identify internal components of the router and
their functions Describe the physical characteristics of the
router Identify management, LAN and WAN ports on a
router
Properly connect Ethernet, serial WAN, andconsole ports
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WANsWANs
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Introduction to WANsIntroduction to WANs
What is a WAN? A WAN is a data communications network that
covers a relatively broad geographic area and thatoften uses transmission facilities provided by
common carriers Major characteristics
They connect devices that are separated by widegeographical areas.
They use the services of carriers to establish thelink
They use serial connections of various types toaccess bandwidth over large geographic areas
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LANs vs WANsLANs vs WANs
A WAN operates at the physical layer, thedata link layer and the network layer of theOSI reference model
LAN WAN
? ?
? ?
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WAN devices
Router Modem CSU/DSU Access Server WAN Switch
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WAN devices
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WAN devices
An access server acts as a concentration point for dial-in and dial-out connections
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WAN devices
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WAN devices
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WAN devices
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WANs standards and protocols
Data Link
Router Modem or CSU/DSU
WAN physical layer protocols describe how toprovide electrical, mechanical, operational, andfunctional connections for WAN services
WAN data link protocols describe how frames arecarried between systems on a single data link.
Physical Modem or CSU/DSURouter
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WANs standards and protocols
EIA/TIA-232, V.35,X.21, HSSI
Router Modem or CSU/DSU
HDLC High-level Data Link Control Frame Relay ISDN Integrated Service Digital Network PPP Point-to-Point Protocol
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WANs standards and protocols
International Telecommunication Union- Telecommunication Standardization Sector(ITU-T), formerly the Consultative Committeefor International Telegraph and Telephone(CCITT)
International Organization for Standardization
(ISO) Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Electronic Industries Association (EIA)
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ROUTERSROUTERS
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Router physical characteristicsRouter physical characteristics
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Internal Components:Internal Components: RAM/DRAMRAM/DRAM
Stores routing tables, ARP cache, switchingcache, packet buffering, and packet holdqueues.
Provides temporary and/or running memoryfor a router's configuration file while the
router is powered; RAM content is lost during a power down or
restart
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RAM - Working StorageRAM - Working Storage
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Internal Components:Internal Components: FLASHFLASH
Erasable, reprogrammable ROM. Holds the operating system image and
microcode. Flash memory enables software updates
without removing and replacing processorchips.
Flash content is retained during power downor restart. Flash memory can store multiple versions of
IOS software
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Internal Components:Internal Components: ROMROM
Contains power-on diagnostics, a bootstrapprogram, and operating system software.
Software upgrades in ROM require removing
and replacing pluggable chips on the CPU.
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Internal Components:Internal Components: ConsoleConsole
Send commands to Router through a PCserial connection as COM1 or COM2.
Use a rollover cable and TERMINAL adapter.
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Internal Components:Internal Components: AuxiliaryAuxiliary
Send commands to Router through a MODEMconnection.
Use a rollover cable and MODEM adapter.
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Internal Components:Internal Components: InterfacesInterfaces
Network connections on the motherboard oron separate interface modules, throughwhich packets enter and exit a router.
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Router LANs and WANsRouter LANs and WANs
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Network Layer Path DeterminationNetwork Layer Path Determination
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Internetwork RoutersInternetwork Routers
Any internetwork must include the following: Consistent end-to-end addressing Addresses that represent network topologies Best path selection
Dynamic routing Switching
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Router external connectionsRouter external connections
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External Configuration SourcesExternal Configuration Sources
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Connecting console interfacesConnecting console interfaces
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Connecting AUX interfacesConnecting AUX interfaces
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HyperTerminal session propertiesHyperTerminal session properties
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Connecting Console InterfacesConnecting Console Interfaces
1. Configure terminal emulation software on the PC for thefollowing: The appropriate com port 9600 baud 8 data bits 1 stop bit No parity No flow control
1. Connect a rollover cable to the router console port (RJ-45connector).
2. Connect the other end of the rollover cable to the RJ-45to DB-9 adapter
3. Attach the female DB-9 adapter to a PC.
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Connecting router LAN interfacesConnecting router LAN interfaces
From an Ethernet/FastEthernet interface to ahub/switch: straight through cable From an Ethernet/FastEthernet interface to a
PC/other Router: crossover cable.
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Connecting LAN InterfacesConnecting LAN Interfaces
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WAN connection typesWAN connection types
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Connecting WAN interfacesConnecting WAN interfaces
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Connecting WAN interfacesConnecting WAN interfaces
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Router serial interfacesRouter serial interfaces
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Connecting WAN interfacesConnecting WAN interfaces
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Connecting WAN interfacesConnecting WAN interfaces
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Academy approach to hands-on labsAcademy approach to hands-on labs
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SummarySummary
The major difference between a WAN and a LAN organizations that define and manage the standards
used for WAN What layers are WANs operate at layer? The devices used in a WAN The main internal components of a router
There are three basic external connections on arouter
How to connect router console, LAN, and WAN ports
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Q&AQ&A