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2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. Al l r ights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID
Cha!ter " Introd#ction
to S$itched %et$or&s
Routing and Switching
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Presentation_ID 2 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. Al l r ights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Chapter 1
.0 Introd#ction
. 'A% Design
.2 S$itched (nvironment
.) S#mmary
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Chapter 1: Objectives
*!on com!letion of this cha!ter, yo# $ill +e a+le to"
Descri+e convergence of data, voice, and video in the contet ofs$itched net$or&s.
Descri+e a s$itched net$or& in a small-to-medi#m-sied +#siness.
(!lain the !rocess of frame for$arding in a s$itched net$or&.
Com!are a collision domain to a +roadcast domain.
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Converged Networks
Growing Complexit o! Networks
#r digital $orld ischanging.
Information m#st
+e accessed fromany$here in the$orld.
%et$or&s m#st +esec#re, relia+le,
and highlyavaila+le.
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Presentation_ID 1 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. Al l r ights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Converged Networks
"lements o! a Converged Network
Colla+oration is are#irement.
3o s#!!ort colla+oration,net$or&s em!loy
converged sol#tions.
Data services incl#devoice systems, IP !hones,voice gate$ays, videos#!!ort, and video
conferencing. Call control, voice
messaging, mo+ility, anda#tomated attendant arealso common feat#res.
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Presentation_ID 4 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. Al l r ights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Converged Networks
#ene!its o! a Converged Network
5#lti!le ty!es of traffic6
only one net$or& to
manage.
S#+stantial savings over
installation and
management of
se!arate voice, video,
and data net$or&s.
Integrates I3management.
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Converged Networks
#orderless Switched Networks
3he Cisco orderless %et$or& is a net$or& architect#re thatallo$s organiations to connect anyone, any$here, anytime,and on any device sec#rely, relia+ly, and seamlessly.
Cisco orderless %et$or& is designed to address I3 and+#siness challenges, s#ch as s#!!orting the convergednet$or& and changing $or& !atterns.
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Converged Networks
$ierarch in the #orderless Switched
Network
orderless
s$itched net$or&
design g#idelines
are +#ilt #!on the
follo$ing !rinci!les"
9ierarchical
5od#larity
:esiliency
;lei+ility
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Switched Networks
Role o! Switched Networks
S$itching technologies are cr#cial to net$or& design.
S$itching allo$ traffic to +e sent only $here it is needed in mostcases, #sing fast methods.
A s$itched 'A%" Allo$s more flei+ility
Allo$s more traffic management
S#!!orts #ality of service, additional sec#rity, $ireless, IP
tele!hony, and mo+ility services
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Switched Networks
(orm (actor
(ixed)lat!orm
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Switched Networks
(orm (actor *cont+,
-odular
)lat!orm
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Switched Networks
(orm (actor *cont+,
Stackable
)lat!orm
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(rame (orwarding
Switching as a General Concept
A s$itch ma&es a decision +ased on ingress and a destination
!ort.
A 'A% s$itch &ee!s a ta+le that it #ses to determine ho$ to
for$ard traffic thro#gh the s$itch.
Cisco 'A% s$itches for$ard (thernet frames +ased on thedestination 5AC address of the frames.
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(rame (orwarding
&namicall )opulating a Switch -'C
'ddress .able A s$itch m#st first learn $hich devices eist on each !ort +efore it
can transmit a frame.
It +#ilds a ta+le called a 5AC address or content addressa+le
memory =CA5> ta+le.
3he ma!!ing device ?-@ !ort is stored in the CA5 ta+le. CA5 is a s!ecial ty!e of memory #sed in high-s!eed searching
a!!lications.
3he information in the 5AC address ta+le #sed to send frames.
hen a s$itch receives an incoming frame $ith a 5AC address thatis not fo#nd in the CA5 ta+le, it floods it to all !orts, +#t the one that
received the frame.
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(rame (orwarding
Switch (orwarding -ethods
'dd a header
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(rame (orwarding
Store/and/(orward Switching
Allo$s the s$itch to" Chec& for errors =via ;CS
chec&>
Perform a#tomatic
+#ffering
Slo$er for$arding !rocess
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(rame (orwarding
Store/and/(orward Switching *cont+,
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(rame (orwarding
Cut/.hrough Switching *cont+,
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Switching &omains
Collision &omains
A collision domain is the segment $here devices m#st com!ete tocomm#nicate.
All !orts of a h#+ +elong to the same collision domain.
(very !ort of a s$itch is a collision domain on its o$n.
A s$itch +rea& the segment into smaller collision domains, easingdevice com!etition.
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Switching &omains
#roadcast &omains
A +roadcast domain is the etend of the net$or& $here a +roadcastframe can +e heard.
S$itches for$ard +roadcast frames to all !orts6 therefore, s$itches
do not +rea& +roadcast domains.
All !orts of a s$itch, $ith its defa#lt config#ration, +elong to thesame +roadcast domain.
If t$o or more s$itches are connected, +roadcasts are for$arded to
all !orts of all s$itches, ece!t for the !ort that originally received
the +roadcast.
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Switching &omains
'lleviating Network Congestion
S$itches hel! alleviating net$or& congestion +y"
;acilitating the segmentation of a 'A% into se!arate collision
domains
Providing f#ll-d#!le comm#nication +et$een devices
3a&ing advantage of their high-!ort density
#ffering large frames
(m!loying high-s!eed !orts
3a&ing advantage of their fast internal s$itching !rocess
9aving a lo$, !er-!ort cost
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Chapter 1: Summar
In this cha!ter, yo# learned"
3he trend in net$or&s is to$ards convergence #sing a single set of$ires and devices to handle voice, video, and data transmission.
3here has +een a dramatic shift in the $ay +#sinesses o!erate.
3here are no !hysical offices or geogra!hic +o#ndaries constraints.:eso#rces m#st no$ +e seamlessly availa+le anytime andany$here.
3he Cisco orderless %et$or& architect#re ena+les differentelements, from access s$itches to $ireless access !oints, to $or&
together and allo$ #sers to access reso#rces from any !lace at anytime.
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Chapter 1: Summar *cont+,
3he traditional, three-layer hierarchical design model divides thenet$or& into core, distri+#tion, and access layers, and allo$s each!ortion of the net$or& to +e o!timied for s!ecific f#nctionality.
It !rovides mod#larity, resiliency, and flei+ility, $hich !rovides afo#ndation that allo$s net$or& designers to overlay sec#rity,
mo+ility, and #nified comm#nication feat#res. S$itches #se either store-and-for$ard or c#t-thro#gh s$itching.
(very !ort on a s$itch forms a se!arate collision domain allo$ing foretremely high-s!eed, f#ll-d#!le comm#nication.
S$itch !orts do not +loc& +roadcasts and connecting s$itches canetend the sie of the +roadcast domain, often res#lting in degradednet$or& !erformance.
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