CC-C 5 KH 20100305 final - lsknan.files.wordpress.com · ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ 7 maRta 558 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un maRta 523>- karGnuvtþdUcKñacMeBaHkic©snüaTUeTAEdlyktémøfñÚr

(Ðĕ□Б◦Б)

េសចកតកណត

ចេពះមរ នមយៗៃន

រកមរដឋបបេវណ

ភគ ៣ ³ គនថទ ៥

erobcMeday

KN³km μkarTTYlbnÞúkkarBaresckþIRBagRkmrdæb,evNI nig

RkumkargarCb:unEdlTTYlbnÞúkeFVIesckþIRBagRkmrdæb,evNI

RksYgyutþiFm’

PñMeBj 2010

esckþIkMNt;cMeBaHmaRtanImYy²énRkmrdæb,evNI RtUv)ane)aHBum< enAraCFanIPñMeBj

edaykariyal½ykmμviFIGPivDÆvis½yc,ab; nig yutþiFm’ enARksYgyutþiFm’énRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa

enAqñaM 2010.

km μviFIGPivDÆvis½yc,ab; nig yutþiFm’ KWCakmμviFIshRbtibtþikarbec©keTs

rvagRksYgyutþiFm’ nig TIPñak;garshRbtibtþikarGnþrCatiénRbeTsCb:un ¬JICA¦

siT§iniBn§ © RkumkargarCb:unEdlTTYlbnÞúkeFVIesckþIRBagRkmrdæb,evNI qñaM2010 ISBN: 9789995083373

GñkniBn§ CMBUkTI 1 nig CMBUkTI 4 elaksa®sþacarü Kamata Kaoru CMBUkTI 2 eTA CMBUkTI 3 elaksa®sþacarü Urakawa Michitaro CMBUkTI 5 eTA CMBUkTI 6 elaksa®sþacarü Matsumoto Tsuneo CMBUkTI 7 elaksa®sþacarü Nomura Toyohiro CMBUkTI 8 elaksa®sþacarü Yamamoto Yutaka CMBUkTI 9 nig CMBUkTI 13 elaksa®sþacarü Minami Toshifumi CMBUkTI 10 elaksa®sþacarü Nomi Yoshihisa CMBUkTI 11 eTA CMBUkTI 12 nig CMBUkTI 14 nig CMBUkTI 15

elaksa®sþacarü Niimi Ikufumi

CMBUkTI 16 elaksa®sþacarü Morishima Akio

kMNt;smÁal; enAkñúgesckþIkMNt;énmaRtanImYy²manesckþIkMNt;xøHEdlmankarbgðajGMBIkarbkRsay GñkEdl)anerobcMesckþIRBagedIménmaRtaenaH. sUmcat;TukkarbkRsayenaHCaTsSn³mYy kñúgcMeNamkarbkRsayCaeRcInEdlGacman edIm,IykeTAcat;Ecgkic©karCak;EsþgenARbeTs km<úCa .

i

matika

KnßITI 5 kic©snüasMxan;² nig GMeBIGnItüanukUl ------------------------------------- 1 CMBUkTI 1 karlk;Tij ----------------------------------------------------- 1

EpñkTI 1 lkçN³énkarlk; nig karbegáItkic©snüalk;Tij---------------------------1 EpñkTI 2 PaKIénkic©snüalk;Tij nig km μvtßúénkic©snüalk;Tij-----------------------7 EpñkTI3 GanuPaBénkic©snüalk;Tij------------------------------------------- 10

kfaPaKTI 1 krNIykic©©rbs;Gñklk; ------------------------------------ 11 kfaPaKTI 2 krNIykic©©rbs;GñkTij -------------------------------------29

EpñkTI 4 karrMlaykic©snüalk;;TijedayGnuvtþsiT§ielaH ---------------------------- 32 CMBUkTI 2 kardUr ------------------------------------------------------- 34 CMBUkTI 3 RbTankm μ ---------------------------------------------------- 35 CMBUkTI 4 karx©IbriePaK ---------------------------------------------------41

EpñkTI 1 niymn½y nig karbegáItkic©snüax©IbriePaK ----------------------------- 41 EpñkTI 2 karx©IbriePaKedayP¢ab;karR)ak; --------------------------------------44 EpñkTI 3 krNIykic©[x©Irbs;Gñk[x©I -----------------------------------------49 EpñkTI 4 krNIykic©sgrbs;Gñkx©I ------------------------------------------ 53

CMBUkTI 5 Ptisnüa ------------------------------------------------------56 EpñkTI 1 bTb,BaØtþiTUeTA --------------------------------------------------56 EpñkTI 2 GanuPaBénPtisnüa ----------------------------------------------60 EpñkTI 3 karbBa©b;Ptisnüa------------------------------------------------69 EpñkTI 4 kic©snüaRbvas;------------------------------------------------- 75

CMBUkTI 6 karx©IeRbI ------------------------------------------------------76 CMBUkTI 7 GaNtþi -------------------------------------------------------82 CMBUkTI 8 kic©snüaem:Akar------------------------------------------------- 95 CMBUkTI 9 kic©snüakargar ----------------------------------------------- 106

ii

CMBUkTI 10 beBaØI------------------------------------------------------- 110 EpñkTI 1 bTb,BaØtþiTUeTAsþIBIbeBaØI------------------------------------------ 110 EpñkTI 2 beBaØIedayrYmbBa©ÚlKña------------------------------------------- 130 EpñkTI 3 beBaØIbriePaK--------------------------------------------------131 EpñkTI 4 visuNæab½n--------------------------------------------------- 133

CMBUkTI 11 kic©snüaRkumh‘un ---------------------------------------------- 137 CMBUkTI 12 kic©snüaFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvit --------------------------------- 153 CMBUkTI 13 karsHCa---------------------------------------------------- 158 CMBUkTI 14 karRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al ---------------------------------------- 163 CMBUkTI 15 esckþIceRmIneday\tehtu --------------------------------------- 171 CMBUkTI 16 GMeBIGnItüanukUl ---------------------------------------------- 179

iii

smasPaBénKN³kmμkarTTYlbnÞúkkarBaresckþIRBagRkmrdæb,evNIkm<úCa ³ Ék]tþm GgÁ vgS vDÆana rdæm®nþI/ RksYgyutþiFm’ ¬RbFan¦ Ék]tþm s‘uy nU rdæelxaFikar/ RksYgyutþiFm’ ¬GaNtiþTI 1¦ Ék]tþm GIu dn rdæelxaFikar/ RksYgyutþiFm’ ¬GaNtiþTI 2¦ Ék]tþm hIu esaPa rdæelxaFikar/ RksYgyutþiFm’ elakCMTav can; suT§avI rdæelxaFikar/ RksYgyutþiFm’ Ék]tþm yU b‘uneLg RbFansala]T§rN_ Ék]tþm Kg; RsIum GnuRbFantulakarkMBUl Ék]tþm b‘un h‘un GnurdæelxaFikar/ RksYgyutþiFm’ Ék]tþm ekIt riT§ GnurdæelxaFikar/ RksYgyutþiFm’ Ék]tþm CYn etC GKÁaFikarrg/ RksYgyutþiFm’ Ék]tþm Eb:n eBRCsalI GKÁnaykGKÁnaykdæanbec©keTs/ RksYgyutþiFm’ Ék]tþm pUv sMPI GKÁnaykGKÁnaykdæanRsavRCav nigGPivDÆn_elIvis½yyutþiFm’/ RksYg

yutþiFm’ elak m:ug munñIcriya RbFansaladMbUgextþRBHsIhnu elak yUr ]tþra ecARkmtulakarkMBUl elak sMriT§ supl ecARkmsala]T§rN_ elak salI Fara: ecARkmsala]T§rN_ elakRsI exov suxa GKÁnaykrgGKÁnaykdæanbec©keTs/ RksYgyutþiFm’ elak swg bBaØavuDÆ ecARkmtulakarkMBUl elak hIug FIb¤T§i ecARkmsaladMbUgextþsÞwgERtg elak TUc fariT§i RbFannaykdæankic©karrdæb,evNI/ RksYgyutþiFm’ elak Titü b¤T§I ecARkmRksYgyutþiFm’

smasPaBénRkumkargarCb:unEdlTTYlbnÞúkeFVIesckþIRBagRkmrdæb,evNI ³ elak Morishima Akio sa®sþacarükitþiys/ sklviTüal½y Nagoya ¬RbFan¦ elak Kamata Kaoru sa®sþacarü/ sklviTüal½y Waseda elak Matsumoto Tsuneo sa®sþacarü/ sklviTüal½y Hitotsubashi elak Minami Toshifumi ecARkm/ sala]T§rN_éntMbn; Tokyo

iv

elak Motoyama Atsushi sa®sþacarü/ sklviTüal½y Ritsumeikan elak Niimi Ikufumi sa®sþacarü/ sklviTüal½y Meiji elak Nomi Yoshihisa sa®sþacarü/ sklviTüal½y Tokyo elak Nomura Toyohiro RBwT§burs nig sa®sþacarü/ sklviTüal½y Gakushuin elak Sato Keita sa®sþacarü/ sklviTüal½y Chuo elak Tanamura Masayuki sa®sþacarü/ sklviTüal½y Waseda elak Urakawa Michitaro sa®sþacarü/ sklviTüal½y Waseda elak Yamamoto Yutaka sa®sþacarü/ sklviTüal½y Kyoto elak Hatanaka Hisaya sa®sþacarü/ sklviTüal½y Fukuoka

CMnajkar TIPñak;garshRbtibtþikarGnþrCati énRbeeTsCb:un (JICA) RbcaMRksYgyutþiFm’ ³ elak Sakano Issei TIRbwkSa énkm μviFIGPivDÆvis½yc,ab; nig yutþiFm’ elak Yamada Yoichi GtItTIRbwkSac,ab; énkm μviFIGPivDÆvis½yc,ab; nig yutþiFm’ elak Imaizumi Manabu GtItTIRbwkSac,ab; énkm μviFIGPivDÆvis½yc,ab; nig yutþiFm’ elakRsI Homma Yoshiko GtItTIRbwkSac,ab; énkm μviFIGPivDÆvis½yc,ab; nig yutþiFm’ elak Kai Mineo GtItGñksRmbs®mYl énkmμvIFIIGPivDÆvis½yc,ab; nig yutþiFm’ elak Kamiki Atsushi GtItTIRbwkSac,ab; énkm μviFIGPivDÆvis½yc,ab; nig yutþiFm’ kBaØa Manabe Kana GtItTIRbwkSac,ab; énkm μviFIGPivDÆvis½yc,ab; nig yutþiFm’ kBaØa Terauchi Kozue GñksRmbs®mYl énkm μvIFIIGPivDÆvis½yc,ab; nig yutþiFm’ elak Kiyohara Hiroshi TIRbwkSac,ab; énkm μviFIGPivDÆvis½yc,ab; nig yutþiFm’

GñkbkERb ³ elak sr sinira GtItCMnYykarCan;x<s; énkm μvIFIIGPivDÆvis½yc,ab; nig yutþiFm’ elak s sUvan GtItCMnYykar énkmμvIFIIGPivDÆvis½yc,ab; nig yutþiFm’ elak Cin munI GtItCMnYykar énkmμvIFIIGPivDÆvis½yc,ab; nig yutþiFm’ elak Ekv va:nñI CMnYykar énkm μvIFIIGPivDÆvis½yc,ab; nig yutþiFm’ elak Sakano Issei TIRbwkSa énkm μviFIGPivDÆvis½yc,ab; nig yutþiFm’

1

KnßITI 5 kic©snüasMxan;² nig GMeBIGnItüanukUl

CMBUkTI 1 karlk;Tij

EpñkTI 1 lkçN³énkarlk; nig karbegáItkic©snüalk;Tij

maRta 515>- niymn½yénkarlk;Tij karlk;TijsMedAeTAelIkic©snüamYyEdlPaKImçagehAfa Gñklk;mankr-

NIykic©RtUvepÞrkm μsiT§i b¤ siT§iepSgeTotelIRTBüsm,tþi [eTAPaKImçageTotehAfa GñkTij ehIyGñkTijmankrNIykic©RtUvecjéføCaR)ak;[Gñklk; .

¬kMNt;¦ eKalbMNgénkic©snüalk;TijKWminEmnGnub,Tan {vtßú} eT KWGnub,Tan {siT§ielIRTBüsm,tþi} dUcCa

km μsiT§i b¤ siT§iRbtükSepSg² EdlCamUldæanénkarRKb;RKgvtßú nig siT§ielIbMNul elIsBIenH k¾manPaKh‘un km μsiT§ibBaØa CaGaT× . ehtuenHehIy Gñklk;minRtwmEtRtUvRbKl;nUvvtßúEdlCakm μvtßúénkarlk;Tij[GñkTij b:ueNÑaHeT EtEfmTaMgRtUvmankrNIykic©eFVI[GñkTij)aneFVIlT§kmμnUvsiT§iEdlCakm μvtßúeTotpg . pÞúyeTAvij GñkTijmankrNIykic©bg; {éføTijCaR)ak;} . kñúgkrNIEdltémøfñÚrminEmnCaR)ak;eT eKehAfa {kardUr} .

müa:geTot kic©snüalk;Tij KWCakic©snüaEdlbegáItnUv {krNIykic©} epÞrsiT§ielIRTBüsm,tþi ehtuenH ehIy ]TahrN_fa eTaHbICalk;TijvtßúEdlkMBugplit ehIyEdlminTan;manrUbragenAeLIy b¤ lk;TijnUvvtßú EdlCakm μsiT§irbs;GñkepSg CaGaT× EdlminGacepÞrsiT§ielIRTBüsm,tþiPøam²k¾eday k¾kic©snüaenaHman suBlPaBEdr . cMeBaHkrNIEdlkmμvtßúénkarlk;TijCasiT§irbs;GñkdéT KWmanEcgCaBiesscab;BImaRta 531 ¬krNIykic©RtUvepÞrsiT§i nig karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanarbs;Gñklk;¦ eTA . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 1017 nig maRta 1021 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa

maRta 516>- karbegáItkic©snüalk;Tij kic©snüalk;TijGacRtUv)anbegáIteLIg edaymankarRBmeRBogKñarvagPaKI

TaMgsgxagEtbu:eNÑaH elIkElgEtkñúgkrNIEdlmanbBaØtþiBiesskñúgc,ab; . b:uEnþ PaKIGackMNt;kareFVIlixityfaPUt b¤ lixitÉkCn Cal½kçx½NÐsRmab;kar

2

begáItkic©snüa)an .

¬kMNt;¦ cMeBaHkarbegáItkic©snüalk;Tij CaeKalkarN_ KWGacbegáIteLIg[EtmankarRBmeRBog ¬convention,

agreement¦ rvagPaKI edaymincaM)ac;eFVIlixitCalayl½kçN_GkSr b¤ mincaM)ac;manTRmg; dUcCakarRbKl;vtßúeT ¬eKalkarN_énkarbegáItedaykarRBmeRBog¦ . kñúgkrNIEdlcaM)ac;manTRmg; dUcCalixitkic©snüalk;Tij Calayl½kçN_GkSr esckþIbBa¢ak; karcuHbBa¢I CaedIm kñúgkarbegáItkic©snüalk;Tij b¤ edIm,IbBa¢ak;kic©snüa lk;Tij c,ab; b¤ bTdæanKtiyutþepSgeTot nwgkMNt;GMBITRmg;enH . eTaHbICaKμanbBaØtþienAkñúgc,ab; b¤ bTdæanKtiyutþepSgeTotk¾eday k¾PaKImanesrIPaBkñúgkarykTRmg;NamYy mkeFVICal½kçx½NÐedIm,IbegáIt kic©snüa)anEdr . enAkñúgvaküxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenH EcgEtGMBI {kareFVIlixit} b:ueNÑaH b:uEnþ eRkABIkareFVI lixitCalayl½kçN_GkSr PaKIk¾GacykTRmg;epSgeTot dUcCakarRbKl;R)ak;kk; CaedIm mkeFVICal½kçx½NÐ )anEdr . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 1022 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 4 énRkwtü-c,ab; elx 38 Rk>c

maRta 517>- karsnüalk;TijCamunedayÉketaPaKI 1-kñúgkrNIEdlPaKIEtmçagsnüaCamunkñúgkarlk; b¤ Tij karlk;TijenH

nwgmanGanuPaBcab;taMgBIeBlEdlPaKImçageTotbgðajqnÞ³bMeBjkarTij b¤ lk; cMeBaHGñksnüaenaH .

2-RbsinebIGMLúgeBlsRmab;karbgðajqnÞ³Edl)anEcgkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1

enHminRtUv)ankMNt;eT GñksnüaCamunGackMNt;nUvGMLúgeBlsmrmümYy ehIy

Gacdas;etOn[PaKImçageTotbgðajqnÞ³fa RBm b¤ minRBmbMeBjkarTij b¤ lk; enAkñúgGMLúgeBlenaH . kñúgkrNIEdlPaKImçageTotmin)anbgðajqnÞ³enAkñúg

GMLúgeBlkMNt;eT karsnüaCamunenaH RtUv)at;bg;GanuPaB .

¬kMNt;¦ {karsnüaCamun} KWCakic©snüaEdlPaKImçagpþl;siT§idl;PaKImçageTotbegáItkic©snüalk;Tij . ]TahrN_

Rkumh‘unGakascrN_ A bnÞab;BIkarcrcarCamYyRkumh‘unplitynþehaH B CaeRcIndg k¾)anseRmcnUvkarRBm

3

eRBogsþIBIl½kçx½NÐénkic©snüamYy b:uEnþ edIm,IseRmckarTijynþehaH xøÜncaM)ac;RtUvBinitüemIlcMnYnGñkCiHkñúg GMLúgeBl 2 eTA 3 qñaMeTot CaGaT× . kñúgkrNIenH RbsinebIRkumh‘unGakascrN_ A KiteXIjfa xøÜncg;)anCadac;xatnUvynþehaHenaH enAeBlEdlxøÜnseRmcTij rIÉRkumh‘un B vij KiteXIjEdrfa RbsinebI Rkumh‘un A seRmcfaTij xøÜncg;[eKTijynþehaHrbs;Rkumh‘unxøÜn enaHRkumh‘un B Gacpþl;siT§idl;Rkumh‘un A kñúgkarbegáItkic©snüa edayRKan;EtbgðajqnÞ³ÉketaPaKI enAeBlEdlRkumh‘un A cg;)an ¬siT§ibBa©b; karsnüaCamun nig seRmcbegáItkic©snüalk;Tij/ siT§ieFVICeRmIs¦ . kñúgkrNIenH maneBlxøH Rkumh‘un B GacTTYlnUvtémøfñÚrénlT§km μsiT§ibBa©b;karsnüaCamun nig seRmcbegáItkic©snüalk;TijenH BIRkumh‘un A . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 556 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1589 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg

maRta 518>- R)ak;kk;; ebIGñkTij)anbg;R)ak;kk;eTA[Gñklk; GñkTijGacrMlaykic©snüalk;Tij

edaye)aHbg;ecalR)ak;kk;enaH)an rIÉGñklk;GacrMlaykic©snüalk;Tijeday

sgR)ak;es μInwgBIrdgénR)ak;kk;enHmkvij)anEdr . b:uEnþ PaKIminGacrMlaykic© snüa)aneLIy eRkayeBlPaKImçageTot)ancab;epþImGnuvtþkic©snüaehIy .

¬kMNt;¦ R)ak;kk;mantYnaTIdUcCa ¬1¦ bBa¢ak;nUvkarbegáItkic©snüa ¬R)ak;kk;bBa¢ak;kic©snüa¦ ¬2¦ zbnIynUvsiT§i

rMlaykic©snüa ¬R)ak;kk;sRmab;rMlaykic©snüa¦ ¬3¦ rwbGUsykR)ak;kk;kñúgkrNIEdlminGnuvtþkatBVkic© ¬ykR)ak;kk;mkeFVICaR)ak;FanasMNgkñúgkrNIbMBankic©snüa¦ ¬R)ak;kk;FanasMNgkñúgkrNIbMBankic©snüa¦ CaGaT× . maRtaenHmanGtßn½ybkRsayfa CaeKalkarN_ R)ak;kk;KWCaR)ak;kk;sRmab;;rMlaykic©snüa minEmnCaR)ak;kk;FanasMNgkñúgkrNIbMBankic©snüaeT ebIKμankarRBmeRBogBiessrvagPaKI . b:uEnþ eTaHbICa mankarRBmeRBogCaR)ak;kk;FanasMNgkñúgkrNIbMBankic©snüak¾eday k¾GacmankrNIEdlRtUvbkRsayRBm CamYyKñafa CaR)ak;kk;sRmab;;rMlaykic©snüaEdr .

kñúgkrNIEdlmankarbg; nig TTYlR)ak;enAeBleFVIkic©snüa manbBaðamYykñúgkarbkRsayfa etIR)ak;enaH CaR)ak;kk; b¤ CaR)ak;mYyPaKénéfølk; . karbkRsayenHRtUveFVIeLIgeTAtamTMenomTmøab;énkic©karCMnYj .

kar {cab;epþImGnuvtþ} KWminEmnRtwmEtCakrNIEdlGnuvtþkatBVkic©mYyPaKb:ueNÑaHeT KWrab;bBa©ÚlkrNI EdleFVIskmμPaBcaM)ac;edIm,Ipþl;karGnuvtþ EdlGacdwgc,as; ebIemIlBIxageRkAEfmeTot .

4

müa:geTot kñúgkrNIEdlGñklk; b¤ GñkTijEtmçag)ancab;epþImGnuvtþ manbBaðaRtg;cMNucfa etIPaKIEdl )ancab;epþImGnuvtþGacrMlaykic©snüa)an b¤ min)an . maRtaenHmaneKalbMNgkuM[naM[mankarxUcRbeyaCn_ rbs;PaKIEdl)ancab;epþImGnuvtþ ehtudUecñH GacbkRsayfa karrMlayedayPaKIEdl)ancab;epþImGnuvtþ Gac RtUv)anTTYlsÁal; elIkElgEtmankal³eTs³Biess . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 519>- karlk;edaymankarPøk;sak 1-karlk;rbs;NaEdlmanTMenomTMlab;tRmUv[mankarPøk;sakmunnwgTij

RtUvmanGanuPaBenAeBlGñkTij)anyl;RBm eRkayeBl)anPøk;sakrYcehIy . 2-kñúgkrNIEdlmin)ankMNt;GMLúgeBlsRmab;GñkTijedIm,Iyl;RBm Gñk

lk;Gacdas;etOn[GñkTijeqøIyc,as;GMBIkaryl;RBm b¤ minyl;RBm eday

kMNt;GMLúgeBlsmrmü)an . kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTijmin)aneqøIyc,as; kñúgGMLúg

eBlenaH RtUvcat;Tukfa GñkTijbdiesFkñúgkareFVIkic©snüa .

¬kMNt;¦ cMeBaHkarlk;TijvtßúEdlmanTMenomTmøab;EdlGñkTijPøk;sakmunnwgTijenaH eTaHbICaKμankarsnüaCak;

lak;nUvkarPøk;sakenHk¾eday k¾kic©snüaenHminRtUvbegáIteLIgPøamedayRtwmEtmankarRBmeRBogGMBIvtßúEdl Cakmμvtßú nig éfølk;b:ueNÑaHeT KWkic©snüaenHnwgRtUv)anbegáItenAeBlEdlGñkTij)anPøk;sak ehIy yl;RBmTij . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 1587 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg

maRta 520>- karlk;edaymankareRbIsak 1-cMeBaHkarlk;TijedaymankareRbIsak kic©snüalk;TijenaHmanGanuPaB

enAeBlEdlGñkTij)anyl;RBmkñúgGMLúgeBleRbIsak b¤ GMLúgeBleRbIsakenaH knøghYs edayGñkTijmin)anbgðajqnÞ³eT . kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTijbdiesFmin

TTYlvtßúEdlCakm μvtßú kic©snüalk;TijenaH RtUvcat;Tukfa minRtUv)anbegáIteLIy .

5

2-kñúgkrNIEdlmin)ankMNt;GMLúgeBleRbIsakenAkñúgkic©snüa Gñklk; Gacdas;etOn[GñkTijeqøIyc,as;GMBIkaryl;RBm b¤ minyl;RBm edaykMNt; GMLúgeBlsmrmü)an . kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTijmin)aneqøIyc,as; kñúgGMLúgeBl

enaH ehIybnþeRbIsakvtßúEdlCakm μvtßúénkic©snüaenaH RtUvcat;Tukfa GñkTij)an

yl;RBm .

¬kMNt;¦ ]TahrN_ dUcCakrNIlk;Tijnavacas; kñúgkrNIEdl)aneFVIkic©snüaTijenHedaymanl½kçx½NÐ[GñkTij

eRbIsaksin ehIyebI)andwgfa manlT§pll¥tamkarsgÇwmrbs;GñkTijenaH eTIbseRmcTijvtßúenaH . kic©snüaenHminRtUv)anbegáIteLIgedayRKan;Et)anRBmeRBogKñaGMBIvtßúEdlCakm μvtßú nig éfølk;TijenaHeT KW begáIteLIgenAeBlEdlGñkTij)aneRbIsak ehIyyl;RBmTij . karcat;EcgkñúgkrNIEdlGñkTijmin)an bgðajqnÞ³GVIesaH eRkayBIkareRbIsak manPaBxusKñanwgmaRta 519 ¬karlk;edaymankarPøk;sak¦ . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 1588 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 1049 nig maRta 1070 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa

maRta 521>- éfølk;Tij 1-PaKIénkic©snüaRtUvkMNt;cMnYnR)ak;énéfølk;Tij b¤ viFIkMNt;cMnYnR)ak;

enaH enAkñúgkic©snüa . 2-cMnYnR)ak;énéfølk;TijGacRtUv)ankMNt; edayeyaleTAtamtémøén

TMnijNamYyenATIpSarkñúgeBlbc©úb,nñ b¤ GnaKt b¤ edayEp¥kelIkarvaytémø EdleFVIedayttiyCnEdlRtUv)aneRCIserIs tamrebobkMNt;edayKUPaKI . kñúg

krNIEdlkarvaytémørbs;ttiyCnRtUv)aneFVIeLIgedayPan;RcLM b¤ krNIEdl

karvaytémøenaH c,as;CapÞúynwgsmPaB PaKIénkic©snüaEdlTTYlkarxUcxat

plRbeyaCn_rbs;xøÜn edaysarkarvaytémøenaH Gactva:cMeBaHkarvaytémøenaH )an .

3-PaKIénkic©snüaGackMNt;cMnYnéfølk;TijedaybgðajcMnYnéføedImBit

R)akd b¤ eday[GñkTijbg;FnlaP EdlminkMNt;eBl b¤ FnlaPmYyCIvit)an .

6

b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlttiyCnvaytémø edayeyaleTAtambBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 2

xagelIenH éfølk;TijRtUv)ankMNt;edaybgðajcMnYnéføedImBitR)akd elIkElg

EtkrNIEdlKUPaKIRbKl;siT§ieTAttiyCnedayCak;lak; .

¬kMNt;¦ cMeBaHkic©snüalk;Tij cMnYnéfølk;TijCaktþamYysMxan;Nas; . dUecñH kic©snüalk;TijminRtUvekIteLIg

ebIminkMNt;nUvcMnYnTwkR)ak;énéfølk;Tij b¤ GackMNt;naeBlGnaKt . müa:geTot éfølk;TijGackMNt;)an edayykrebobbg;tambNþak;tameBlevlaEdlkMNt; edaymincaM)ac;kMNt;éføsrubk¾)anEdr ]TahrN_ RtUvbg;mYyqñaM 00 erol rhUtdl;Gñklk;TTYlmrNPaB . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 1591 nig maRta 1592 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 1021 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa

maRta 522>- esah‘uykñúgkarlk;Tij cMeBaHesah‘uyeFVIlixit b¤ esah‘uyepSg²EdlRtUvcMNaykñúgkareFVIkic©

snüalk;Tij PaKITaMgsgxagRtUvecjesμIKña elIkElgEtkrNIEdlmankarkMNt; epSgedayKUPaKI .

¬kMNt;¦ kic©snüalk;TijRtUveFVIeLIgsRmab;;plRbeyaCn_rbs;PaKIsgxag ehtuenHehIyPaKIsgxagRtUvTTYl

bnÞúknUvesah‘uyesμ IKña . b:uEnþ PaKImanesrIPaBeFVIkarRBmeRBogepSgBIenH . müa:geTot esah‘uuysRmab; nItiviFIcaM)ac;edIm,I[GñkTijeFVIlT§kmμnUvsiT§iedayBitR)akd ¬karcuHbBa¢IEdlCal½kçx½NÐedIm,IbegáItGanuPaBén karepÞrkmμsiT§ielIGclnvtßúedaykarRBmeRBog karcuHbBa¢IEdlCal½kçx½NÐttaMgénkarbegáIt karepÞr nig karEk ERbnUvsiT§iRbtükSeRkABIkrNIénkarepÞrkm μsiT§ielIGclnvtßúedaykarRBmeRBog karCUndMNwgEdlCal½kçx½NÐ ttaMgénGnub,TansiT§ielIbMNul CaGaT×¦ KWCaesah‘uysRmab;;GnuvtþkatBVkic© minEmnCaesah‘uysRmab;; begáItkic©snüaeT ehtuenHehIy RbsinebIK μankarRBmeRBogrvagPaKIeT CaeKalkarN_ esah‘uyenHKWCabnÞúk rbs;kUnbMNul ¬Gñklk;¦ tambBaØtþiénmaRta 446 ¬esah‘uyénkarsg¦ ¬b:uEnþ maRta 1593 énRkm rdæb,evNI)araMgEcgfa esah‘uysRmab;eFVIlixitbBa¢ak; nig esah‘uyepSgeTotBak;B½n§nwgkarlk;Tij KWCabnÞúk rbs;GñkTij¦ . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

7

maRta 558 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un

maRta 523>- karGnuvtþdUcKñacMeBaHkic©snüaTUeTAEdlyktémøfñÚr bBaØtþiénCMBUkTI 1 ¬karlk;Tij¦ enH RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr cMeBaH

kic©snüaEdlyktémøfñÚr eRkABIkic©snüalk;Tij .

¬kMNt;¦ kic©snüalk;Tij CaRbePTcm,gmYykñúgcMNamkic©snüaEdlyktémøfñÚr ¬kic©snüamUla ³ kic©snüaEdl

PaKIsgxagecjcMNayEdlmanGtßn½yCatémøfñÚr¦ ehtudUecñH bBaØtþisþIBIkic©snüalk;Tij manlkçN³Ca bBaØtþiTUeTAsþIBIkic©snüaEdlyktémøfñÚrEdr ehIyRtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr cMeBaHkic©snüaEdlyktémø fñÚrepSgeTot luHRtaEtminpÞúynwglkçN³énkic©snüaenaH . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


EpñkTI 2 PaKIénkic©snüalk;Tij nig km μvtßúénkic©snüalk;Tij

maRta 524>- PaKIénkic©snüalk;Tij rUbvnþbuKÁl b¤ nItibuKÁlTaMgLayGaclk; b¤ Tij)an elIkElgEtkñúgkrNI

Edlc,ab;hamXat; .

¬kMNt;¦ CnTaMgGs; eTaHCaCnCatibreTsk¾eday CaGnItiCnk¾eday GacbegáItkic©snüalk;TijkñúgnamCaGñklk;

b¤ GñkTij)an elIkElgEtkrNIEdlhamenAkñúgmaRta 525 ¬buKÁlEdlminGackøayCaGñkTij)an ¬mYy¦¦ nig maRta 526 ¬buKÁlEdlminGackøayCaGñkTij)an ¬BIr¦¦ RBmTaMghamedayc,ab;epSgeTot . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 1594 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 1023 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa

maRta 525>- buKÁlEdlminGackøayCaGñkTij)an ¬mYy¦ 1-GñkRKb;RKgRTBüsm,tþitamc,ab; tampøÚvtulakar b¤ tamkic©snüa min

8

GackøayCaGñkTij b¤ CaGñkTijedaykarlk;edaybgçM nUvRTBüsm,tþiEdlxøÜn)an

TTYlParkic©lk; edaypÞal;xøÜn b¤ tamry³GnþrkarI )aneLIy . 2-bBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr cMeBaH

m®nþIraCkarEdlTTYlbnÞúkcat;kar karlk;edaybgçM b¤ TTYlbnÞúkRKb;RKgkarlk; edaybgçM .

3-cMeBaHkarlk;TijEdlpÞúynwgkfaxNÐTI 1 b¤ TI 2 xagelIenH manEt

km μsiT§ikrénvtßúmuneBllk; b¤ snþtiCnb¤RbtisiT§irbs;kmμsiT§ikrenaHeT eTIbGac

lubecalkic©snüaenH)an .

¬kMNt;¦ ]TahrN_ RbsinebIGñkRKb;RKgRTBüsm,tþirbs;buKÁlGvtþman TijGclnvtßúrbs;buKÁlGvtþmanenaH

edaykMNt;nUvl½kçx½NÐeFVI[xøÜnmaneRbobCag edayeRbIeQ μaHxøÜnÉg b¤ eRbIGnþrkarI ¬tukátacMebIg¦ ¬kic©snüa EdlCnNamñak;eFVIeLIgkñúgnamGñktMNagbuKÁlNamñak; nig samIxøÜnenaH ehAfa {kic©snüaedayxøÜnÉg}¦ kic©snüaEbbenHeFVI[xUcRbeyaCn_buKÁlGvtþmanya:gxøaMg . ehtuenHehIy)anCamaRtaenHEcghammin[eFVI skmμPaBEdlmanRbeyaCn_pÞúyKñaEbbenH ehIyGñkEdlxUcRbeyaCn_edaysarskmμPaBenH ¬kñúg]TahrN_ enH KWbuKÁlGvtþman RBmTMagsnþtiCn nig RbtisiT§iedayELkrbs;buKÁlenaH¦ GaclubecalnUvkic©snüa enH)an . cMeBaHkrNIlk;edaybgçMk¾dUcKñaEdr . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 526>- buKÁlEdlminGackøayCaGñkTij)an ¬BIr¦ 1-ecARkm RBHraCGaC£a RkLabBa¢I b¤ m®nþItulakarepSgeTot minGackøay

CaGñkTij b¤ CaGñkTijedaykarlk;edaybgçM edaypÞal;xøÜn b¤ tamry³GnþrkarI nUvvtßúú b¤ siT§i EdlCakm μvtßúénvivaTEdlkMBugcat;karenAtulakarEdlxøÜnbMeBj

Parkic©)aneT . 2-bBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr cMeBaH

krNIEdlemFavI b¤ sarkarI køayCaGñkTij b¤ CaGñkTijedaykarlk;edaybgçM

9

nUvvtßú b¤ siT§iEdlTak;TgnwgerOgkþIEdlxøÜnTTYlbnÞúk . 3-cMeBaHkarlk;TijEdlpÞúynwgkfaxNÐTI 1 b¤ TI 2 xagelIenH manEt

Gñklk; PaKImçageTotEdlmanvivaTGMBIsiT§i b¤ snþtiCnb¤RbtisiT§irbs;Gñklk;b¤ PaKImçageToteT eTIbGaclubecalkic©snüaenH)an .

¬kMNt;¦ ]TahrN_ RbsinebIecARkm)anrkcMNucexSayrbs;PaKIénbNþwg ehIyeFVIkic©snüaTijnUvvtßú EdlTak;Tg

nwgerOgkþIEdlRtUv)ancat;karedaytulakarEdlxøÜneFVIkar GMeBIenaHGaceFVI[xUcRbeyaCn_rbs;PaKIénbNþwg enaH ehtuenHehIy)anCamaRtaenHhamGMeBIenH RBmTaMgpþl;siT§ilubecal[GñkEdlBak;B½n§nwgplRbeyaCn_ . kñúgkrNIEdlmankarxUcplRbeyaCn_dl;PaKIénbNþwgedaysarGMeBIenH PaKIénbNþwgenaHk¾GacTamTar[sg sMNgkarxUcxatedayykGMeBIGnItüanukUlmkeFVICamUlehtu)anpgEdr . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 527>- vtßúúEdlGaclk;)an vtßú b¤ siT§iTaMgLayNa eTaHbICaekItmaneLIgnaeBlGnaKtk¾eday k¾Gac

ykeTAeFVICakmμvtßúénkic©snüalk;Tij)anEdr elIkElgEtvtßú b¤ siT§ienaHman

lkçN³minGaceFVIGnub,Tan b¤ c,ab;hamXat;min[eFVIGnub,Tan .

¬kMNt;¦ kic©snüalk;TijRKan;EtbegáItnUvkatBVkic©epÞrsiT§iEdlCakmμvtßúénkarlk;TijEtb:ueNÑaH ¬sUmemIlmaRta

530 ¬krNIykic©TUeTArbs;Gñklk;¦¦ dUecñH karlk;TijnUvvtßúnaeBlGnaKt nig karlk;Tijvtßúrbs;GñkdéT k¾mansuBlPaBEdr . cMeBaHkarlk;TijnUvvtßúrbs;GñkdéT RbsinebImincat;Tukfa mansuBlPaBeT GñkTij minGacTamTar[Gñklk;eFVIlT§km μkmμsiT§ielIvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénkarlk;Tij ehIyRbKl;vtßúenaH[eTAGñkTij )aneT ehIyGñkTijk¾minGacTamTar[Gñklk;TTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarminGacepÞrkm μsiT§iBIGñklk;eTAGñkTijEdr . ehtudUecñH manbBaða ¬sUmemIlBImaRta 531 ¬krNIykic©RtUvepÞrsiT§i nig karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanarbs; Gñklk;¦ dl;maRta 533 ¬karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanacMeBaHkrNIEdlsiT§imYyPaK CasiT§irbs;GñkdéT¦ .

cMeBaHkrNIén {GlT§PaBTaMgRsugtaMgBIdMbUg} dUcCakrNIEdlvtßúEdlCakm μvtßúCak;lak;énkic©snüa lk;Tij)an)at;bg;TaMgRsugrYcehIy enAeBleFVIkic©snüalk;Tij ehIyminGacGnuvtþkatBVkic©enaH CaGaT×

10

sUmemIlmaRta 355 ¬GlT§PaBtaMgBIdMbUg¦ . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 1598 nig maRta 1589 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 1018 maRta nig 1019 énRkm rdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 35 énRkwtü-c,ab; lex 38 Rk>c

EpñkTI3 GanuPaBénkic©snüalk;Tij

maRta 528>- karepÞrkm μsiT§i 1-cMeBaHkarepÞrkm μsiT§ielIkmμvtßúkñúgkic©snüalk;Tij RtUvGnuvtþeTAtam

eKalkarN_TUeTAEdl)ankMNt;cab;BImaRta 133 ¬karbegáIt karepÞr nig karEk

ERbnUvsiT§iRbtükS edaykarRBmeRBog¦ dl;maRta 135 ¬l½kçx½NÐedIm,IbegáIt

GanuPaBénkarepÞrkm μsiT§ielIGclnvtßúedaykarRBmeRBog¦ énRkmenH .1 2-ebIkm μvtßúénkic©snüalk;TijCasiT§ielIRTBüsm,tþieRkABIkmμsiT§i karepÞr

siT§iTaMgenaH RtUvGnuvtþeTAtameKalkarN_TUeTAEdlTak;TgnwgkarepÞrsiT§inImYy²

enaH .

¬kMNt;¦ ]TahrN_ kñúgkic©snüalk;Tijclnvtßú kñúgkrNIEdlmankarsnüafa {kmμsiT§iRtUvepÞrCafñÚrnwgkarbg;

éfølk;} kmμsiT§inwgRtUvepÞr enAeBlbg;éfølk; tamGanuPaBénkic©snüalk;Tij ¬edaymincaM)ac;eFVIskmμPaB BiesseT¦ ¬maRta 133¦ . RbsinebIKμankarsnüaBiessGMBIeBlevlaEdlRtUvepÞrkm μsiT§ikñúgkic©snüaeT CaeKalkarN_ kmμsiT§iRtUvepÞrenAeBlEdlkic©snüaenaHmanGanuPaB . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIénkarlk;Tijclnvtßú RbsinCamin)anRbKl;clnvtßúeT karepÞrkmμsiT§ienH minGacttaMgcMeBaHttiyCn)aneLIy ¬kfaxNÐTI 1 én maRta 134¦ . kñúgkrNIlk;TijsiT§ielIbMNul siT§ielIbMNulRtUvepÞreTAGnub,TanikedaysV½yRbvtþi tam GanuPaBénkic©snüalk;Tij ¬maRta 502¦ b:uEnþ RbsinebIGnub,TayImin)anCUndMNwgeTAkUnbMNul b¤ kUnbMNulmin)anyl;RBm tambBaØtþiénmaRta 503 eT Gnub,TansiT§ielIbMNulenaHminGacttaMgcMeBaH kUnbMNul b¤ ttiyCnepSg)aneT . müa:geTot kñúgkrNIénkarlk;TijGclnvtßú RbsinebImin)ancuHbBa¢IeT karpÞrkm μsiT§iminRtUvbegáItGanuPaBeLIy ¬maRta 135¦ . 1 kfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRta 528 enH RtUv)aneFVIviesaFnkmμedayc,ab;sþIBIkarGnuvtþRkmrdæb,evNI .

11

kfaPaKTI 1 krNIykic©©rbs;Gñklk;

maRta 529>- krNIykic©RtUvBnül;rbs;Gñklk; Gñklk;mankrNIykic©RtUvBnül;[)anc,as;las; nUvxøwmsarénkrNIy-

kic©EdlGñklk;TTYlbnÞúk TMnak;TMngKtiyutþEdlTak;Tgnwgvtßú b¤ siT§iEdlCa km μvtßúénkarlk;Tij ehIyCaBiesskñúgkrNIlk;Gclnvtßú RtUvBnül;dl;GñkTij

[)anc,as;las;nUvxøwmsarénsiT§i karTTYlbnÞúk nig RBMEdnénGclnvtßú CaGaT× .

¬kMNt;¦ edIm,IeCosvagkuM[vivaTekIteLIgnaGnaKt KUPaKIKYrEtbegáItkic©snüalk;Tij edayyl;GMBIxøwmsarcm,g

énkic©snüaenaHedayRtwmRtUv . kñúgkic©snüalk;Tij krNIykic©rbs;GñkTijmanPaBc,as;las; edaysar krNIykic©cm,genaHmanEtkrNIykic©bg;éfølk;Tijb:ueNÑaH . pÞúyeTAvij krNIykic© nig karTTYlxusRtUv rbs;Gñklk;GacmanxøwmsarepSg² ehIyCaTUeTA Gñklk;manB½t’manGMBIvtßúEdlCakm μvtßúénkarlk;Tij . ehtudUecñH maRtaenHtRmUv[Gñklk;mankrNIykic©Bnül; . RbsinebIGñklk;bMBankrNIykic©Bnül;enH Gñk lk;enaHRtUvTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkarxUcxatEdl)anekIteLIgedaysarkarbMBanenaH . elIsBIenHeTot Rbsin ebIGñklk;Bnül;ehtuminBit b¤ lak;ehtuBit edayectna cMeBaHcMNucEdlman\T§iBlelIkarseRmcrbs; GñkTijkñúgkareFVI b¤ mineFVIkic©snüa ehIyCalT§pl naM[GñkTijPan;RcLM nig eFVIkic©snüaedayEp¥kelI karPan;RcLMenH GacmankrNIEdlkic©snüaenaHRtUv)anlubecaledayykkarqe)ak b¤ karPan;RcLMmkeFVICa mUlehtu . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 530>- krNIykic©TUeTArbs;Gñklk; Gñklk;mankrNIykic© RtUvepÞrsiT§ielIRTBüsm,tþiEdlxøÜn)anlk; RtUv

RbKl;vtßúEdl)anlk; RtUvEfrkSaTuknUvvtßúEdl)anlk;rhUtdl;eBlRbKl; RBm

TaMgRtUvRbKl;lixitepSg²EdlcaM)ac;edIm,IbBa¢ak;nUvsiT§i cMeBaHGñkTij tamkic© snüa nig bBaØtþiénRkmenH .

12

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHerobrab;krNIykic©TUeTArbs;Gñklk; . cMeBaHxøwmsarlm¥iténkrNIykic©nImYy²enH manbBaØtþi

cab;BImaRta 531 eTA . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 531>- krNIykic©RtUvepÞrsiT§i nig karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanarbs;Gñk

lk; 1-Gñklk;mankrNIykic©RtUvepÞrsiT§ielIRTBüsm,tþiEdlCakm μvtßúénkar

lk;TijeTA[GñkTij. 2-RbsinebIkm μvtßúénkarlk;TijCasiT§iirbs;GñkdéT Gñklk;mankrNIykic©

RtUvTTYlsiT§ienaH ehIyRtUvepÞrsiT§ienaHeTA[GñkTij . 3-RbsinebIGñklk;minGacepÞrsiT§iEdlCakm μvtßúénkarlk;TijeTA[Gñk

Tij)aneT GñkTijGacrMlaykic©snüa)an . kñúgkrNIenH RbsinebIGñkTijmin)an

dwg enAeBleFVIkic©snüafa siT§ienaHminEmnCasiT§irbs;Gñklk;eT GñkTijGacTam

TarsMNgénkarxUcxat)an .

¬kMNt;¦ tammaRta 1599 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg maRta 1019 énRkmrdæb,evNIkm<úCacas; Ecgfa karlk;vtßú

GñkdéT RtUvcat;TukCaemaX³ b:uEnþ Rkmf μ IenHcat;Tukfa karlk;vtßúGñkdéTmansuBlPaB edaymanmUlehtu dUc)anBnül;enAkñúgesckþIkMNt;énmaRta 532 . edayykcMNucenHmkeFVICabuerl½kçx½NÐ maRtaenHEcgfa Gñklk;mankrNIykic©RtUveFVIlT§km μnUvsiT§iEdlCakmμvtßúénkarlk;TijenaH ehIyepÞreTA[GñkTij ehIyEcg pgEdrGMBIkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkrNIEdlkrNIkic©enHminRtUv)anGnuvtþ ¬karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFana¦ .

RbsinebIGñklk;minGacGnuvtþkrNIykic©epÞrsiT§i)aneT eTaHbICaGñkTij)andwg enAeBleFVIkic©snüafa Gñklk;minEmnCakm μsiT§ikrelIvtßúEdlCakmμsiT§ik¾day k¾GñkTijenaHGacTamTar[rMlaykic©snüaenH)anEdr ¬vaküxNÐTI 1 kfaxNÐTI 3¦ . elIsBIenHeTot kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTijmanPaBsucrit ¬eBleFVIkic©snüa min)andwgfa Gñklk;KμansiT§ienaH¦ eRkABIsiT§irMlay GñkTijTTYlsiT§iTamTarnUvsMNgénkarxUcxatpgEdr ¬vaküxNÐTI 2 kfaxNÐTI 3 énmaRtaenH¦ . b:uEnþ RbsinebIkrNIykic©epÞrsiT§minGacGnuvtþ)an edaysar

13

GñkTijmanehtuEdlnaM[TTYlxusRtUv enaHGñklk;minRtUvTTYlxusRtUvEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 3 én maRtaenHeT .

siT§iTamTarnUvsMNgénkarxUcxatEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 3 énmaRtaenH RtUvekIteLIg eTaHbICa Gñklk;manehtuEdlnaM[TTYlxusRtUvk¾eday K μank¾eday ehtudUecñH CaeKalkarN_ TMhMénkarxUcxat EdlRtUvsgsMNgenaH manRtwmEtkarxUcxatEdlGñkTij)anTTYledaysarEtxøÜn)aneCOCak;fa nwgeFVIlT§km μ nUvkm μsiT§ienaHedayRbsiT§PaBEtb:ueNÑaH ¬plRbeyaCn_BICMenO¦ . b:uEnþ RbsinebIGñklk;manehtuEdlnaM [TTYlxusRtUv dUcCakrNIEdlGñklk;GaceFVIlT§kmμsiT§i ehIyepÞrsiT§ienaHeTAGñklk; b:uEnþ min)aneFVIdUecñH edayectna CaGaT× GñkTijGacTamTarnUvkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarminGnuvtþkatBVkic© tambBaØtþicab;BIImaRta 398 ¬l½kçx½NÐénkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsgsMNgénkarxUcxat¦ eTA . kñúgkrNIenH GñkTijGacTamTarnUv sMNgénplRbeyaCn_BIkarGnuvtþ)an .

müa:geTot maRtaenH minmanbBaØtþiBiessEdlkRmitnUvGMLúgeBlEdlGacGnuvtþsiT§ieT ehtuenHehIy GñkTijGacGnuvtþsiT§irMlay enAkñúgGMLúgeBlEdlkic©snüalk;TijmanGtßiPaB ehIyGaC£ayukalénkarrMlt; siT§iTamTarnUvsMNgénkarxUcxatenH KW 5 qñaM EdlCaGMLúgeBlénGaCJayukalénkarrMlt;siT§ielIbMNulTUeTA . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 560 nig maRta 561 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 43 dl; maRta 49 énRkwt-c,ab; elx 38 Rk>c/ maRta 1019 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 1599 nig maRta 1626 énRkmrdæb,evNI )araMg/ maRta 434 dl; maRta 443 énRkmrdæb,evNIGløWm:g;

maRta 532>- siT§irMlaykic©snüarbs;Gñklk;siT§iGñkdéT 1-RbsinebIGñklk;min)andwgfa siT§iEdlCakmμvtßúénkarlk;TijminEmnCa

rbs;xøÜn enAeBleFVIkic©snüaeT ehIyminGacTTYlyksiT§ienaHedIm,IepÞreTA[Gñk

Tij)aneT Gñklk;GacrMlaykic©snüaenaH)an EtRtUvsgkarxUcxat . 2-kñúgkrNIénkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH RbsinebIenAeBleFVIkic©snüa Gñk

Tij)andwgfa siT§iEdlCakmμvtßúénkarlk;TijminEmnCasiT§irbs;Gñklk;eT Gñk

lk;GacrMlaykic©snüaenaH)an edaymincaM)ac;sgkarxUcxat .

¬kMNt;¦ ]TahrN_ Gñklk;)anyl;RcLMfa vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénkarlk;CakmμsiT§irbs;xøÜn b:uEnþ tamkarBit vtßúenaH

14

Carbs;GñkdéT . kñúgkrNIenH dUcEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgmaRtamunenH Gñklk;mankrNIykic©eFVIlT§km μnUv km μsiT§ielIvtßúEdlCakm μvtßúenaH ehIyepÞrkmμsiT§ienaHeTA[GñkTij . b:uEnþ RbsinebIminGaceFVI)aneT Gñklk; GacrMlaykic©snüaedIm,I[rYcputBIkrNIykic©epÞrsiT§ienaH)an edaymanl½kçx½NÐsgnUvsMNgénkarxUcxat EdlxøÜnRtUvsg tambBaØtþiénmaRta 531 munenH . b:uEnþ RbsinebIGñkTijdwgenAeBleFVIkic©snüafa vtßúenaH CakmμsiT§irbs;ttiyCn ¬Tuc©rit¦ GñkTijminTTYlkarxUcxatEdlmkBIehtuEdlvtßúenaHCakmμsiT§irbs;ttiyCn eT ehtudUecñH Gñklk;GacrMlaynUvkic©snüa)an edaymincaM)ac;sgnUvsMNgénkarxUcxat . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 533>- karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanacMeBaHkrNIEdlsiT§imYyPaKCasiT§i rbs;GñkdéT

1-kñúgkrNIsiT§imYyPaKkñúgcMeNamsiT§iEdlCakmμvtßúénkarlk;Tij KWCa siT§irbs;GñkdéTehIyebIGñklk;minGacTTYlsiT§iénPaKenaHedIm,IepÞreTA[GñkTij

)aneT GñkTijGacTamTar[bnßynUvtémø tamsmamaRténPaKenaH)an . 2-kñúgkrNIEdl)ankMNt;kñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH RbsinebI enAeBl

eFVIkic©snüa GñkTijmin)andwgfa PaKxVHenaHminEmnCarbs;Gñklk;eT ehIyebI TTYlsÁal;fa GñkTijnwgminTijEtPaKEdlsl;Etb:ueNÑaHeT GñkTijenaHGac

rMlaykic©snüa)an . 3-kñúgkrNIEdl)ankMNt;kñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 b¤ TI 2 xagelIenH ebIenA

eBleFVIkic©snüa GñkTijmin)andwgfa siT§imYyPaKenaH minEmnCarbs;Gñklk;eT

GñkTijk¾GacTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxat)anEdr . 4-siT§iEdl)ankMNt;kñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 TI 2 nig TI 3 xagelIenH RtUvGnuvtþ

kñúgGMLúgeBl 1 ¬mYy¦ qñaM Kitcab;BIeBlEdlGñkTij)andwgkarBit kñúgkrNI Edl enAeBleFVIkic©snüa GñkTijmin)andwgfa siT§imYyPaKkñúgcMeNamsiT§iEdl

Cakm μvtßúénkarlk;Tij minEmnCarbs;Gñklk;eT b¤ Kitcab;BIeBleFVIkic©snüa kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTij)andwgfa siT§imYyPaKkñúgcMeNamsiT§iEdlCakmμvtßúénkar

15

lk;TijminEmnCarbs;Gñklk; enAeBleFVIkic©snüa .

¬kMNt;¦ kñúgkrNIsiT§imYyPaKkñúgcMeNamsiT§iEdlCakmμvtßúénkarlk;Tij KWCasiT§irbs;GñkdéT ehIyebIGñklk;min

GacTTYlsiT§iénPaKenaHedIm,IepÞreTA[GñkTij)aneT krNIenHKWCakarminGnuvtþkatBVkic©mYyPaKrbs;Gñklk; ehtudUecñH bBaØtþiénmaRta 531 RtUvykmkGnuvtþcMeBaHPaKEdlminRtUv)anGnuvtþenaH . b:uEnþ krNIenHminEmn CakarminGnuvtþkatBVkic©TaMgRsugeT ehtudUecñH karTTYlsÁal;[rMlaykic©snüaTaMgmUledaysV½yRbvtþi min manPaBsmrmüeT . GaRs½yehtuenH maRtaenHEcgfa CaeKalkarN_ GñkTijGacTamTar[bnßynUv éfølk;Tij rhUtdl;témøénPaKIEdlRtUv)anepÞreTAGñkTijenaHedaymansuBlPaB ehIyTTYlsÁal;krNIelIk ElgEdlGñkTijGacrMlaykic©snüaTaMgmUl EtkñúgkrNIEdleKalbMNgkñúgkareFVIkic©snüalk;TijminGac seRmc)an edayPaKEdlRtUv)anepÞreTAGñkTij ehIyGñkTijmanPaBsucritb:ueNÑaH . müa:geTot GñkTij sucritk¾GacTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatpgEdr b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTijTamTarTaMgkarbnßyéfølk;Tij nig sMNgkarxUcxat GñkTijminGacTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxat cMeBaHplRbeyaCn_EdlGñkTijGacTTYl)an RbsinebIxøÜneFVIlT§kmμsiT§iTaMgmUl ¬plRbeyaCn_BIkarGnuvt¦ )aneT GacTamTarRKan;EtsMNgénkarxUcxat cMeBaHplRbeyaCn_BICMenOb:ueNÑaH edaysarGñkTijenaHmin)anbg;éfølk;TijCafñÚrnwgsiT§iTaMgmUl .

kfaxNÐTI 4 kMNt;GMLúgeBlsRmab;eRbIsiT§iTamTar[bnßyéfølk;Tij siT§irMlay nig siT§iTamTar sMNgkarxUcxat xøICagkrNIFmμtaénkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarminGnuvtþkatBVkic© . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 1064 énRkmrdæb,eNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 562 nig maRta 564 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1636 nig maRta 1637 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg

maRta 534>- karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanakñúgkrNIEdlmansiT§iRbtükSCa plubePaK CaGaT×

1-kñúgkrNIEdlkmμvtßúénkarlk;TijP¢ab;CamYysiT§iCYlGcié®nþy_ plubePaK

siT§ieRbIR)as; siT§iGaRs½yenA esvPaB siT§iCYl siT§iXat;Tuk b¤ siT§ielIkarbBa©aM sRmab;ttiyCn ehIyebIGñkTijminGaceRbIR)as; b¤ TTYl plBIkm μvtßúTaMgmUl b¤ mYyEpñk edaysarGtßiPaBénsiT§ienaH GñkTijEdlmin)andwgGMBIGtßiPaBénsiT§ienaH

16

enAeBleFVIkic©snüa GacTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatBIGñklk;)an .2 2-kñúgkrNIEdl)ankMNt;kñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH RbsinebIeKalbMNg

énkic©snüaminGacseRmc)an edaysarGtßiPaBénsiT§ienaH GñkTijEdlmin)andwg

GMBIGtßiPaBénsiT§ienaHenAeBleFVIkic©snüa k¾GacrMlaykic©snüa)anEdr . 3-bBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1 nig TI 2 xagelIenH RtUvykmkGnuvtþpgEdr cMeBaH

krNIEdlesvPaBEdlRtUvmansRmab;GclnvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénkarlk;Tij Ebr CaK μaneTAvij .

4-kñúgkrNIEdl)ankMNt;kñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 TI 2 b¤ TI 3 xagelIenH karrMlaykic©snüa b¤ karTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxat RtUveFVIeLIgkñúgGMLúgeBl 1

¬mYy¦ qñaM Kitcab;BIeBlEdlGñkTij)andwgkarBit .

¬kMNt;¦ kñúgkrNIEdlvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénkarlk;TijP¢ab;CamYysiT§iCYlGcié®nþy_ plubePaK siT§ieRbIR)as; siT§iGaRs½y

enA esvPaB siT§iCYl siT§iXat;Tuk b¤ siT§ielIkarbBa©aM sRmab;ttiyCn ehIyebIGñkTijminGaceRbIR)as; b¤ TTYlplBIkm μvtßúTaMgmUl b¤ mYyEpñk edaysarGtßiPaBénsiT§ienaH manTMnak;TMngRsedogKñanwgkrNIEdlsiT§i mYyPaK ¬tambrimaN¦ CasiT§irbs;GñkdéT ehtudUecñH Gñklk;RtUYvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFana Rbhak;RbEhl KñanwgkrNIEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgmaRta 533 .

kñúgkrNIEdlesvPaBEdlRtUvmansRmab;GclnvtßúEdlCakm μvtßúénkarlk;Tij EbrCaK μaneTAvij k¾dUcKña nwgkrNIEdlmanbnÞúkénsiT§iRbtükSeRbIR)as; nig GaRs½ypl Rtg;cMNucfa kareRbIR)as; nig GaRs½ypl EdlGñkTijsgÇwmcMeBaHvtßúEdlCakm μvtßú RtUv)anraraMg ehtudUecñH RtUvGnuelameTAtambBaØtþidUcKña .

kfaxNÐTI 4 EcgGMBIGMLúgeBlxøIsRmab;eRbIsiT§i dUckrNIEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgmaRta 533 . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 566 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1636 nig maRta 1638 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg

maRta 535>- karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFana kñúgkrNIEdlmansiT§iR)atiePaK

RbtükS 2 kfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRta 534 enH RtUv)aneFVIviesaFnkmμedayc,ab;sþIBIkarGnuvtþRkmrdæb,evNI .

17

1-kñúgkrNIEdlmanÉksiT§i b¤ siT§ielIkarbBa©aMEdlkMNt;fa m©as;bMNul

mineRbIR)as; nig GaRs½ypl b¤ manhuIbU:EtkEdl)andak;elIGclnvtßúEdlCa km μvtßúénkarlk;Tij enAeBlEdlGñkTij)an)at;bg;km μsiT§ielIGclnvtßúenaH edaysarsiT§iR)atiePaKRbtükSenaHRtUv)anGnuvtþ GñkTijGacrMlaykic©snüa)an .

2-kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTij)aneFVIkarcMNayedIm,IrkSakm μsiT§i GñkTijGac

TamTar[Gñklk;sgéføcMNayenaHmkvij)an . 3-kñúgkrNINamYyEdl)ankMNt;kñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 b¤ TI 2 xagelIenH

RbsinebIGñkTij)anTTYlkarxUcxat GñkTijGacTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatenaH )an .

4-RbsinebIGñkTij )anTijGclnvtßúEdlP¢ab;siT§iR)atiePaKRbtükSEdl

)ankMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH kñúgtémøEdl)andkecjnUvcMnYnTwk

R)ak;énsiT§ielIbMNulEdlRtUv)anFanaedaysiT§iR)atiePaKRbtükSenaHrYcehIy

GñkTijenaHBuMmansiT§idUc)ankMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 TI 2 nig TI 3 xagelIenH eLIy .

¬kMNt;¦ GtßiPaBénsiT§iR)atiePaKEdlm©as;siT§iR)atiePaKminkan;kab;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßú minraraMgkareRbIR)as; nig

GaRs½yplBIvtßúEdlCakm μvtßúenaH b:uEnþ RbsinebIsiT§iR)atiePaKenaHRtUv)anGnuvtþ GñkTijRtUv)at;bg;kmμsiT§ielI vtßúEdlCakm μvtßúenaH . RbsinebIGñkTij)anTijGclnvtßúkñúgtémøEdldkcMnYnTwkR)ak;énsiT§ielIbMNulEdl RtUv)anFanaedaysiT§iR)atiePaKenaHBItémøénGclnvtßú GñkTijenaHminTTYlkarxUcxatGVIeT b:uEnþ RbsinebI GñkTijenaH)anTijGclnvtßúenaH edayykkarrMlt;siT§iR)atiePaKenaH edaykarsgcMeBaHsiT§ielIbMNulEdl RtUv)anFanaedayGñklk; CaGaT× mkeFVICabuerl½kçx½NÐ GñkTijenaHnwgTTYlkarxUcxatEdlxøÜnminGac Büakr)an edaysarkar)at;bg;kmμsiT§iedaykaGnuvtþsiT§iR)atiePaK . edIm,IsRmbsRmYlplRbeyaCn_rvag Gñklk; nig GñkTijenAkñúgkrNIenH maRtaenHEcgGMBIviFIse®gÁaHdUcCakarrMlaykic©snüa karsgéføcMNay mkvij nig karTamTarsMNgkarxUcxat . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


18

maRta 536>- karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanakñúgkarlk;edaybgçM 1-GñkEdl)anTijtamry³karlk;edaybgçM GacrMlaykic©snüacMeBaHkUn

bMNul b¤ TamTar[bnßytémø)an edayGnuelameTAtambBaØtþiBImaRta 531

¬krNIykic©RtUvepÞrsiT§i nig karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanarbs;Gñklk;¦ dl;maRta 535 ¬karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFana kñúgkrNIEdlmansiT§iR)atiePaKRbtükS¦ én

RkmenH . 2-kñúgkrNIEdl)ankMNt;kñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH RbsinebIkUnbMNul

sßitkñúgPaBGsaFnIy GñkTijGacTamTar[m©as;bMNulEdl)anTTYlcMENkén

éfølk; sgR)ak;Edl)anmkBIkarlk;enaHTaMgGs; b¤ mYyPaKvij)an . 3-kñúgkrNIEdl)ankMNt;kñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 b¤ TI 2 xagelIenH RbsinebI

kUnbMNul)andwgGMBIGtßiPaBénehtu EdlkøayCamUlehtuénkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúg

karFana ehIymin)anCUndMNwgeTAsßab½nEdlGnuvtþkarlk;edaybgçMeT b¤ m©as; bMNul)andwgehIy EtenAEtTamTar[lk;edaybgçM GñkTijGacTamTarnUvsMNg

énkarxUcxatBIGñkTaMgenaH)an .

¬kMNt;¦ kñúgkrNIénkarlk;edaybgçM vtßúEdlCakm μvtßúRtUv)anlk;edaypÞúynwgqnÞ³rbs;kUnbMNul ehtudUecñH

RtUvKitBicarNaGMBIPaBRtwmRtUv b¤ minRtwmRtUvénkartRmUv[kUnbMNul ¬kmμsiT§ikrénvtßúEdlCakmμvtßú CaGaT×¦ TTYlxusRtUv dUcKñanwgkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;Gñklk;enAkñúgkrNIénkarlk;TijFm μta . b:uEnþ cMeBaHGñkTijvij K μanmUlehtuGVIkñúgkarTTYlkarcat;EcgepSgBIGñkTijenAkñúgkarlk;Tijedays μ ½RKcitþ edaysarKμanPaBxusKña Rtg;cMNucfa min)aneFVIlT§km μnUvsiT§iEdlxøÜnsgÇwmfa GacTTYl)an . müa:geTot RbsinebIvtßú b¤ siT§iEdlman vikar³ RtUv)anlk;kñúgtémøénvtßúEdlKμanvikar³ ehIyR)ak;Edl)anmkBIkarlk; RtUv)anEckcMENk[eTAm©as; bMNul kUnbMNulnwgTTYlplRbeyaCn_hYsehtu ¬karrlt;katBVkic©¦ ehtudUecñH kartRmUv[kUnbMNulTTYl xusRtUvkñúgkarFana dUcGñklk;enAkñúgkrNIénkarlk;Tijedaysμ ½RKcitþ mansmPaBpgEdr . kñúgkrNIenH plRbeyaCn_Edl)anmkBIehtuEdlvtßú b¤ siT§ienaHRtUv)anlk;kñúgtémøéføhYsehtu RtUv)anTTYleday Rbeyal edaym©as;bMNulEdl)anTTYlkarEckcMENk ehtudUecñH maRtaenHEcgfa RbsinebIkUnbMNulsßitenA kñúgsßanPaBGsaFnIy GñkTijGacTamTar[m©as;bMNulEdl)anTTYlcMENkénéfølk; sgplRbeyaCn_enaH .

19

müa:geTot maRtaenHtRmUv[m©as;bMNulEdl)andak;BaküsuM[lk;edaybgçM edaydwgGMBIGtßiPaBénvikar³ TTYl xusRtUvkñúgkarsgsMNgénkarxUcxatpgEdr .

müa:geTot maRtaenHEcgfa bBaØtþisþIBIkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFana kñúgkrNIEdlmanvikar³énsiT§i cMeBaH vtßúEdlCakm μvtßúénkarlk;Tij ¬karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanakñúgkrNIdkhUtsiT§i garantie d'éviction¦ ¬maRta 531 dl;maRta 535¦ RtUvykmkGnuvtþcMeBaHkrNIénkarlk;edaybgçM b:uEnþ bBaØtþiénmaRtaenH minmann½y fa bBaØtþiénmaRta 540 GMBIkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanavika³énvtßú minRtUvykmkGnuvtþenaHeLIy . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 537>- karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanarbs;Gñklk;siT§ielIbMNul 1-Gñklk;siT§ielIbMNulRtUvTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHGtßiPaBénsiT§ielIbMNul

enaH . 2-kñúgkrNIEdlGñklk;siT§ielIbMNul)anFanasaFnPaBrbs;kUnbMNul

enaHRtUvsn μtfa )anFanasaFnPaBrbs;kUnbMNulEdlmanenAeBleFVIkic©snüa enaH .

3-kñúgkrNIEdlGñklk;siT§ielIbMNulEdlminTan;dl;eBlkMNt;RtUvsg

)anFanasaFnPaBGnaKtrbs;kUnbMNul enaHRtUvsnμtfa )anFanasaFnPaB

rbs;kUnbMNulenAeBlkMNt;RtUvsg .

¬kMNt;¦ Gñklk;siT§ielIbMNul RtUvTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHGtßiPaBénsiT§iEdlCakmμvtßúénkarlk;Tij b:uEnþ CaeKalkarN_

minRtUvTTYlxusRtUvGMBIehtuEdlkUnbMNuleFVI b¤ mineFVIkarsgCak;EsþgcMeBaHsiT§ielIbMNulenaH . kñúgkrNI EdlGñklk;)anFanasaFnPaBrbs;kUnbMNulenAkñúgkic©snüalk;Tij CaFmμta eKGacKitfa Gñklk;RKan;Et FanasaFnPaBrbs;kUnbMNulenAeBleFVIkic©snüab:ueNÑaH ehIyGñklk;enaHK μanqnÞ³TTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkar pøas;bþÚrsaFnPaBenAeBleRkay ehtudUecñH bBaØtþisn μtdUecñaH RtUv)anerobcMeLIg . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlGñklk; siT§ielIbMNulEdlminTan;dl;eBlkMNt;RtUvsg )anFanasaFnPaBGnaKtrbs;kUnbMNul enaHRtUvsnμtfa Gñklk;manqnÞ³FanasaFnPaBrbs;kUnbMNulenAeBlkMNt;RtUvsg . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

20


maRta 538>- karRBmeRBogKñakñúgkarGnueRKaH b¤ kRmitnUvkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúg

karFana eTaHbICamankarRBmeRBogKñakñúgkarGnueRKaH b¤ kRmitnUvkarTTYlxusRtUv

kñúgkarFanaEdlGñklk;RtUvman tambBaØtþiBImaRta 531 ¬krNIykic©RtUvepÞrsiT§i nig karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanarbs;Gñklk;¦ dl;maRta 537 ¬karTTYlxusRtUv kñúgkarFanarbs;Gñklk;siT§ielIbMNul¦ énRkmenH k¾eday k¾Gñklk;minGacrYc

putBIkarTTYlxusRtUv)anEdr cMeBaHehtukarN_EdlGñklk;)andwgEtmin)anpþl; dMNwg b¤ siT§iiEdlxøÜn)anbegáItsRmab;ttiyCn b¤ )aneFVIGnub,TaneTAttiyCn .

¬kMNt;¦ bBaØtþicab;BImaRta 531 dl; maRta 537 Edl)anEcgGMBIkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFana KWCabBaØtþi

EdlminRtUvGnuvtþdac;xateT ehIykarsnüaBiessEdlbnßy b¤ GnueRKaHkarTTYlxusRtUvenH mansuBlPaB . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlGñklk;dwgGMBIGtßiPaBénvikar³ Etmin)anpþl;dMNwg b¤ kñúgkrNIEdlGñklk;begáItvikar³eday pÞal;xøÜn karrYcputBIkarTTYlxusRtUvedayykkarRBmeRBogGMBIbnßy b¤ GnueRKaHkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFana mkeFVICamUlehtu minRtUv)anGnuBaØateLIy edaysarpÞúynwgeKalkarN_énPaBsucrit nig PaBesμaHRtg; . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 539>- krNIykic©pþl;vtßúEdlK μanvikar³ 1-Gñklk;RtUvmankrNIykic©RbKl;vtßúEdlKμanvikar³[eTAGñkTij . 2-elIkElgEtKUPaKI)ankMNt;epSg vtßúEdl)anRbKl;[eTAGñkTijman

lkçN³NamYydUcxageRkamenH RtUv)ancat;Tukfa manvikar³ ³ k-vtßúenaHmanPaBminRsbnwgcMnYn KuNPaB nig lkçN³Edl)an

kMNt;kñúgkic©snüa . x-vtßúenaHmanPaBepSgBIKMrUEdlGñklk;)anbgðaj[GñkTijemIlcMeBaH

cMnYn KuNPaB nig lkçN³ .

21

K-vtßúenaHminRsbnwgviFIeRbIEdlGñklk;RtUv)anbgðaj edayCak;lak; b¤ edaytuNðIPaB enAeBleFVIkic©snüa .3

X-vtßúenaHminRsbnwgviFIeRbIFm μtaénvtßúRbePTdUcKña . g-vtßúenaHminRtUv)anx©b;tamviFIFmμtaénkarx©b;vtßúRbePTdUcKña b¤ tamviFI

smrmüedIm,IkarBarvtßúenaH .

¬kMNt;¦ edayeyageTAtammaRta 35 énGnusBaØarbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCatisþIBIkic©snüalk;TijTMnijCaGnþrCati

¬United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, CISG¦ eTaHbICavtßúEdlCakm μvtßú énkarlk;TijenaHCavtßúkMNt;Cak;lak;EdlminGacmanrbs;CMnYsk¾eday vtßúEdlmin)ankMNt;Cak;lak;k¾eday k¾Gñklk;mankrNIykic©RbKl;nUvvtßúEdlK μanvikar³eTA[GñkTijEdr . kñúgkrNIEdlvtßúEdlCakm μvtßúmanvikar³ eTaHbICaGñklk;manehtuEdlnaM[mankarTTYlxusRtUvk¾eday K μank¾eday k¾GñkTijGacTamTar[Gñklk; GnuvtþeBjelj [rMlaykic©snüa nig¼b¤ [bnßynUvtémøTij tambBaØtþicab;BImaRtaxageRkameTA)anEdr . kñúgkrNIEdlGñklk;manehtuEdlnaM[mankarTTYlxusRtUv Gñklk;enaHRtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsgsMNgén karxUcxat edaysarkarminGnuvtþkatBVkic©pgEdr edayeyagtammaRta 398 . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 35 én GnusBaØarbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCatisþIBIkic©snüalk;TijTMnijCaGnþrCati ¬United Nations

Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, CISG¦/ maRta 570 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un

maRta 540>- karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanavikar³ 1-enAeBlEdlhaniP½yRtUvepÞreTAGñkTij ebIvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénkarlk;

Tijmanvikar³ eTaHbICavikar³enHRtUv)andwgc,as;enAeRkayeBlEdlhaniP½yRtUv )anepÞrk¾eday k¾Gñklk;RtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarRbKl;vtßúCMnYs karCYsCulvikar³ karrMlaykic©snüa b¤ karbnßynUvtémø Rsbtamkic©snüa nig bBaØtþiénRkmenHEdr .

2-eTaHbICavikar³ekIteLIgenAeRkayeBlEdl)ankMNt;kñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 xag

elIenHk¾eday RbsinebIvikar³enaH)anekIteLIgedaysarGñklk;eFVIxusnwgkrNIykic© 3 cMNuc K kfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRta 539 enH RtUv)aneFVIviesaFnkmμedayc,ab;sþIBIkarGnuvtþRkmrdæb,evNI .

22

rbs;xøÜn k¾Gñklk;RtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanavikar³ dUcbBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1 xag

elIenHEdr . 3-kñúgkrNIEdlGñklk;Fanafa vtßúEdlCakm μvtßúénkarlk;enaHRtUvRsb

nwgeKalbMNgFmμta b¤ eKalbMNgBiess kñúgGMLúgeBlEdl)ankMNt;eRkay

BIkarRbKl; b¤ Fanafa vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúenaHRtUvrkSaTuknUvKuNPaBBiess b¤ lkçN³BiessdEdl kñúgGMLúgeBlEdl)ankMNt;eRkayBIkarRbKl; ehIyebI mankarbMBanelIkarFanaenaH Gñklk;RtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanavikar³dUcKñaEdr .

4-kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTij)andwg b¤ min)andwgedaysarkMhusF¶n;F¶rrbs; xøÜnGMBIvikar³énvtßúEdlCakm μvtßúenaH enAeBleFVIkic©snüalk;Tij Gñklk;minRtUv TTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanavikar³enaHeT .

¬kMNt;¦ karvinicä½yfa man b¤ Kμanvikar³ RtUveFVItammaRta 36 nig kfaxNÐTI 3 énmaRta 35 énGnusBaØarbs;

GgÁkarshRbCaCatisþIBIkic©snüalk;TijTMnijCaGnþrCati ¬CISG¦ edayykeBlepÞrhaniP½y ¬eBlRbKl; vtßúEdlCakm μvtßú¦ mkeFVICamUldæan KWminEmnykeBleFVIkic©snüa mkeFVICamUldæaneT ¬edayminEbgEckfa Ca GlT§PaBtaMgBIdMbUg b¤ CaGlT§PaBeRkayeBleFVIkic©snüaeT¦ . ehtudUecñH bBaØtþiénmaRtaenH RtUvykmk GnuvtþminEmnEtcMeBaHvikar³EdlmanGtßiPaBenAeBleFVIkic©snüab:ueNÑaHeT RBmTaMgcMeBaHvikar³EdlekIteLIg kñúgGMLúgeBleRkayeBleFVIkic©snüa rhUtdl;RbKl;vtßúEdlCakm μvtßúpgEdr . müa:geTot karvinicä½yfa GñkTijmanPaBsucrit b¤ Tuc©ritvij ¬vikar³Ca {vikar³kM)aMg} b¤ minEmn¦ RtUveFVIedayykeBlEdleFVIkic©snüa mkeFVICamUldæan .

cMeBaHkfaxNÐTI 1 man]TahrN_dUcCa Gñklk;)anRbKl;man;EdlmanpÞúkCm¶Wqøg EtminTan;ekItCm¶WenA eLIyeTA[GñkTij ehIyeRkayBI)anRbKl; man;enaHekItCm¶Wqøg ehIy)anqøgeTAman;epSgeTot CaGaT× . mann½yfa vikar³EdlmanGtßiPaBenAmuneBlRbKl; )anecjCak;lak; eRkayeBlRbKl; .

RbsinebIGñkTij)andwgCamunfa vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúTijenaHmanvikar³ xøÜnc,as;Ca)anTijkñúgtémøefakCag Fmμta ehtudUecñH GñkTijenaHminGacTamTar[Gñklk;TTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFananUvvikar³enaH)aneT . kar bBa¢ak;GMBIPaBTuc©ritrbs;GñkTij CakarBi)akNas; ehtudUecñH kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTijmin)andwgGMBIvikar³enaH edaykMhusF¶n;F¶r k¾minGacTamTar[Gñklk;TTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanavikar³enHEdr . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

23

maRta 36 nig kfaxNÐTI 3 énmaRta 35 én GnusBaØarbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCatisþIBIkic©snüalk;Tij TMnijCaGnþrCati ¬United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, CISG¦/ maRta 570 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un

maRta 541>- siT§iCYsCulrbs;Gñklk; 1-kñúgkrNIEdlGñklk;RbKl;vtßúEdlmanvikar³muneBlkMNt;RtUvRbKl;

Gñklk;enaHGacCYsCulvikar³rhUtdl;eBlkMNt;enaH)an luHRtaEtminbNþal

[xUcxatplRbeyaCn_hYsehtudl;GñkTij . b:uEnþ GñkTijminRtUv)anraraMgkñúg

karGnuvtþsiT§iTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxateLIy . 2-eTaHbICaeRkayeBlkMNt;RtUvRbKl;k¾eday Gñklk;GacCYsCulvikar³

TaMgGs;edayecjcMNayedayxøÜnÉg)an luHRtaEtminbNþal[mankarxUcxat

plRbeyaCn_hYsehtudl;GñkTij . b:uEnþ GñkTijminRtUv)anraraMgkñúgkarGnuvtþ siT§irMlay nig siT§iTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxateLIy .

maRta 542>- siT§iTamTar[GnuvtþeBjeljrbs;GñkTij 1-GñkTijGacTamTar[Gñklk;GnuvtþkrNIykic©)an . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHmin

RtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy cMeBaHkrNIEdlGñkTijTamTarkarse®gÁaHEdlminsmRsb

nwgkarTamTar[GnuvtþkrNIykic©enaH . 2-kñúgkrNIEdlkm μvtßúénkarlk;Tijmanvikar³ GñkTijGacTamTar[Gñk

lk;RbKl;vtßúCMnYsEdlK μanvikar³)an . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy

cMeBaHkrNIEdlkarerobcMvtßúEdlmanRbePTdUcKña edayGñklk;nwgbegáItbnÞúk

minsmrmühYsehtu edayKitBicarNanUvkal³eTs³CuMvijTaMgLay . 3-kñúgkrNIEdlkm μvtßúénkarlk;Tijmanvikar³ GñkTijGacTamTar[Gñk

lk;CYsCulvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúenaH)an . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy

cMeBaHkrNIEdlkarCYsCulvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúedayGñklk; nwgbegáItbnÞúkminsmrmü hYsehtu edayKitBicarNanUvkal³eTs³CuMvijTaMgLay .

24

4-GñkTijGackMNt;GMLúgeBlsmrmübEnßmedIm,I[Gñklk;GnuvtþkrNIykic© )an . GñkTijminGacTamTarkarse®gÁaHcMeBaHkarbMBankic©snüakñúgGMLúgeBlenHeT

elIkElgEtkrNIEdlGñkTijTTYldMNwgBIGñklk;fa Gñklk;minGnuvtþkrNIykic© rbs;xøÜnkñúgGMLúgeBlenaH . b:uEnþ GñkTijminRtUv)at;bg;siT§iTamTarsMNgkarxUc

xatEdl)anekIteLIgedaysarkaryWtya:vkñúgkarGnuvtþkrNIykic© tameBlkMNt; edImeT .

¬kMNt;¦ kar {TamTarkarse®gÁaHEdlminsmRsbnwgkarTamTar[GnuvtþkrNIykic©enaH} enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 man

n½yfa karTamTar[rMlay b¤ [bnßynUvtémølk; .

maRta 543>- siT§irMlaykic©snüarbs;GñkTij kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTijminGacseRmceKalbMNgénkic©snüalk;Tij)an

edaysarvtßúEdlRtUv)anRbKl;manvikar³ GñkTijenaHGacrMlaykic©snüaenaH)an .

¬kMNt;¦ ]TahrN_ kñúgkrNIénkarlk;TijeRKOgcRk ¬m:UtU¦ RbsinebIeRKOgcRkenaHmankmøaMgexSayCagl½kçx½NÐ

Edlmankñúgkic©snüa ehIyGñkTijminGaceRbItambMNgrbs;xøÜn)aneT enaHGñkTijGacrMlaykic©snüa lk;TijenHtammaRtaenH ehIyGaceTATijeRKOgcRkEdlmanKuNPaBl¥BIGñkepSgvij edaymincaM)ac;eRbI eBlevlaEvgedIm,ICYsCuleRKOgcRkenaH .

maRta 544>- siT§iiTamTar[bnßyéfølk;rbs;GñkTij kñúgkrNIvtßúEdlRtUv)anRbKl;manvikar³ eTaHbICaéfølk;RtUv)anbg;rYc

ehIyk¾eday b¤ minTan;bg;k¾eday k¾GñkTijGacTamTarbnßyéfølk;enaH tam

smamaRténPaBxusKñaenAeBlRbKl;rvagtémøénvtßúEdlK μanvikar³ nig témøénvtßú EdlRtUv)anRbKl;)anEdr . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlGñklk;CYsCulvikar³enaHeday

RsbeTAtammaRta 542 ¬siT§iTamTar[GnuvtþeBjeljrbs;GñkTij¦ énRkmenH b¤ krNIEdlGñkTijminRBmTTYlesckþIesñIpþl;karCYsCulrbs;Gñklk;edayK μan

25

mUlehtuRtwmRtUv enaHGñkTijminGacTamTar[bnßyéfølk;)aneLIy .

¬kMNt;¦ Ca]TahrN_ PaKI)aneFVIkic©snüalk;TijnUvvtßúmYytémø 1 mWunerol edayykehtuEdlKμanvikar³mkeFVICa

mUldæan b:uEnþ tamkarBiteTA vtßúenaHmanvikar³kM)aMgvij ehIymantémøEt 8 Ban;erolb:ueNÑaH . kñúgkrNIenH eTaHbICaGñklk;manehtu b¤ K μanehtuEdlnaM[mankarTTYlxusRtUvk¾eday k¾GñkTijGacTamTar[bnßy éfølk;mkRtwm 8 Ban;erol)anEdr ¬RbsinebIGñkTij)anbg;éføTijehIy GacTamTar[Gñklk;sg 2 Ban; erolvij)an¦ . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlGñklk;)anCYsCulvikar³vij éfølk;minRtUvcuHbnßyeT . kñúgkrNIEdl GñkTij)anRbEkkmin[Gñklk;CYsCulvikar³vij edayKμanehtuplRtwmRtUv k¾minGacbnßytémø)anEdr .

maRta 545>- siT§iTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatrbs;GñkTij GñkTijminRtUv)anraraMgkñúgkarTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatedayRsbeTA

tambBaØtþiénEpñkTI 3 ¬sMNgénkarxUcxat¦ CMBUkTI 4 énKnßITI 4 edayminGnuvtþ b¤ edayGnuvtþRBmKñanUvsiT§iEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgbBaØtþiBImaRta 542 ¬siT§iTamTar[

GnuvtþeBjeljrbs;GñkTij¦ dl;maRta 544 ¬siT§iiTamTar[bnßyéfølk;rbs; GñkTij¦ énRkmenHeT .

maRta 546>- bBaØtþiBiesssþIBIdIEdlmanTMhMxVH b¤ elIs 1-cMeBaHdIEdl)ankMNt;Cak;lak;NamYy kñúgkrNIEdlkarlk;TijRtUv

)aneFVIeLIgedaybBa¢ak;TMhM nig kMNt;nUvtémøtamxñatdIc,as;las; EttamkarBit

TMhMdIEdlmanenaHminRKb;nwgTMhMEdl)anbBa¢ak; GñkTijGacTamTar[Gñklk; pþl;tavkaliknUvEpñkEdlxVH b¤ bnßynUvtémødIenaHeTAtamTMhMdIEdlxVH b¤ rMlay

kic©snüa nig TamTarsMNgénkarxUcxat tambBaØtþiBImaRta 542 ¬siT§iTamTar[

GnuvtþeBjeljrbs;GñkTij¦ dl;maRta 545 ¬siT§iTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxat

rbs;GñkTij¦ énRkmenH)an elIkElgEtmankarRBmeRBogepSgrvagPaKI . 2-cMeBaHdIEdl)ankMNt;Cak;lak;NamYy kñúgkrNIEdlkarlk;TijRtUv

)aneFVIeLIgedaybBa¢ak;TMhM nig kMNt;nUvtémø tamxñatdIc,as;las; Ettamkar Bit

26

TMhMdIEdlmanenaHelIsBITMhMEdl)anbBa¢ak; Gñklk;Edlmin)andwgGMBIkar elIsTMhMenaH ehIyBuMmankMhuskñúgkarmin)andwgenaH GacTamTar[GñkTij

bEnßmtémødIEdlelIsenaH)an elIkElgEtmankarRBmeRBogepSgrvagPaKI . 3-cMeBaHdIEdl)ankMNt;Cak;lak;NamYy kñúgkrNIEdlkarlk;TijRtUv

)aneFVIeLIgedaybBa¢ak;TMhM nig kMNt;EttémødITaMgmUl eTaHbICaTMhMdIenaHmin

RKb;nwgTMhMEdl)anbBa¢ak;k¾eday k¾GñkTijminGacTamTar[Gñklk;pþl;tavka-liknUvEpñkEdlxVH b¤ bnßynUvtémødIenaHeTAtamTMhMdIEdlxVH b¤ rMlaykic©snüa b¤ TamTarsMNgénkarxUcxat)aneLIy . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy

cMeBaHkrNIEdlGñklk;)andwgGMBIkarxVHTMhMdIenaH b¤ krNIEdlGñklk;)anFana nUvTMhMdIenaH b¤ krNIEdlTMhMxVHenaHeRcInCag 1 PaK 20 ¬mYyPaKémÖ¦ .

4-cMeBaHdIEdl)ankMNt;Cak;lak;NamYy kñúgkrNIEdlkarlk;TijRtUv )aneFVIeLIgedaybBa¢ak;TMhM nig kMNt;EttémødITaMgmUl eTaHbICatamkarBitTMhMdI EdlmanenaHelIsBITMhMEdl)anbBa¢ak;k¾eday k¾Gñklk;minGacTamTar[Gñk

TijbEnßmtémødI)aneLIy . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy cMeBaHkrNI EdlTMhMelIsenaHeRcInCag 1 PaK 20 ¬mYyPaKémÖ¦ ehIyGñklk;min)andwgGMBI karelIsTMhM nig BuMmankMhuskñúgkarmin)andwgenaH .

5-kñúgkrNIEdlGñklk;TamTarbEnßmtémø tambBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 2 b¤ kfaxNÐTI 4 énmaRtaenH GñkTijGacrMlaykic©snüa)an .

maRta 547>- GMLúgeBlEdlGacGnuvtþsiT§i 1-siT§iEdl)ankMNt;kñúgmaRta 542 ¬siT§iTamTar[GnuvtþeBjeljrbs;

GñkTij¦ dl;maRta 544 ¬siT§iTamTar[bnßyéfølk;rbs;GñkTij¦ nig maRta 546

¬bBaØtþiBiesssþIBIdIEdlmanTMhMxVH b¤ elIs¦ énRkmenH RtUvGnuvtþenAkñúgGMLúg

eBl 1 ¬mYy¦ qñaM . b:uEnþ cMeBaHsiT§iTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatEdl)ankMNt; enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 nig vaküxNÐTI 2 kfaxNÐTI 3 énmaRta 546 ¬bBaØtþiBiess

27

sþIBIdIEdlmanTMhMxVH b¤ elIs¦ RtUvGnuelamtambBaØtþiénmaRta 482 ¬GMLúgeBl

énGaCJayukalénkarrMlt;siT§ielIbMNulTUeTA¦ énRkmenH . 2-GMLúgeBlEdl)ankMNt;kñúgvaküxNÐTI 1 énkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH

RtUvKitcab;taMgBIeBlEdlGñkTij)andwg b¤ KYr)andwgGMBIvikar³ nig karxUcxat

rIÉGñklk;vij RtUvKitcab;taMgBIeBleFVIkic©snüa .

maRta 548>- kic©snüaBiessEdlGnueRKaH b¤ kRmitnUvkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkar Fanavikar³

eTaHbICamankarRBmeRBogGnueRKaH b¤ kRmitnUvkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFana vikar³EdlGñklk;RtUvman tambBaØtþiénmaRta 540 ¬karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFana vikar³¦ énRkmenH k¾eday cMeBaHvikar³EdlGñklk;)andwg Etmin)anR)ab;eT k¾Gñk

lk;enHminGacykkarRBmeRBogGnueRKaH b¤ kRmitnUvkarTTYlxusRtUvenaH mk

GHGag)aneLIy .

maRta 549>- krNIykic©RbKl;vtßúEdlCakm μvtßú 1-Gñklk;RtUvmankrNIykic©RbKl;vtßúEdlCakm μvtßúeTA[GñkTij tam

kalbriecäT nig tamTIkEnøgEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgkic©snüa . 2-kñúgkrNIEdlkMNt;EteBlRtUvbg;éfølk;b:ueNÑaH enaHRtUvsnμtfa eBl

kMNt;énkarRbKl;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßú k¾dUceBlkMNt;énkarbg;éfølk;Edr . 3-kñúgkrNIEdlmin)ankMNt;kalbriecäTEdlRtUvRbKl;pg min)ankMNt;

kalbriecäTEdlRtUvbg;éfølk;pg Gñklk;mankrNIykic©RbKl;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßú eTA[GñkTij enAeBlEdlGñkTijTamTar[RbKl; .

4-kñúgkrNIEdlmin)ankMNt;TIkEnøgEdlRtUvRbKl;eT cMeBaHkarlk;vtßú Edl)ankMNt;Cak;lak; Gñklk;RtUvRbKl;vtßúEdlCakm μvtßúenATIkEnøgEdlvtßú enaHsßitenA enAeBleFVIkic©snüa nig cMeBaHkrNIeRkABIenH RtUvRbKl;vtßúEdlCa km μvtßúenaH enAlMenAzanrbs;GñkTij .

28

5-Gñklk;RtUvecjesah‘uysRmab;RbKl; elIkElgEtmankarRBmeRBog

KñaBiess . b:uEnþ RbsinebIesah‘uyRbKl;enaHekIneLIgedaysarGñkTij)anbþÚr lMenAzan b¤ edaysarGMeBIGVImYyrbs;GñkTij GñkTijRtUvTTYlbnÞúkbg;nUvcMnYn

kMeNInénesah‘uyenH .

maRta 550>- viFIRbKl; karRbKl;vtßúRtUveFVIeLIgtamviFIRbKl;km μvtßúedayCak;Esþg viFIRbKl;eday

segçb viFIepÞrkarkan;kab;edaybBa¢a b¤ viFIbþÚrlkçN³énkarkan;kab; tambBaØtþién

maRta 229 ¬karepÞrkarkan;kab;¦ énRkmenH . karRbKl;GclnvtßúGaceFVIeLIg

)an edaykarRbKl;esaénGaKar b¤ RbKl;b½NÑbBa¢ak;siT§i .

maRta 551>- siT§itva:[GnuvtþRBmKña nig siT§itva:edaymankar)armÖ 1-Gñklk;GacRbEkkminRBmepÞrsiT§iEdlCakm μvtßú nig minRBmRbKl;vtßú

EdlCakm μvtßúeTAGñkTij)an rhUtdl;eBlEdlGñkTij)anpþl;karsg cMeBaH katBVkic©bg;éfølk; . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy cMeBaHkrNIEdl

katBVkic©rbs;GñkTijenaH BMuTan;dl;eBlkMNt;RtUvsg b¤ krNIEdlmankarRBm

eRBogKñaGMBIkarGnuvtþkrNIykic©epÞrsiT§i b¤ katBVkic©RbKl;Camun . 2-eTaHbICaGñklk;)anGnuBaØat[GñkTijmaneBlkMNt;edIm,Isgéføkm μvtßú

k¾eday RbsinebIGñkTij)ankS½yFn b¤ )ankøayeTACamankgVHnUvRTBüFn eRkay

eBleFVIkic©snüalk;Tij b¤ )anlak;nUvkgVHénRTBüFn muneBleFVIkic©snüa k¾Gñklk;GacRbEkkminepÞrsiT§i nig minRbKl;km μvtßúenaH)anEdr . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienH minRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy cMeBaHkrNIEdlGñkTij)andak;R)atiePaK b¤ cat;Ecg

viFankaredIm,IrMlt;kar)armÖenaH .

maRta 552>- krNIykic©rkSaTukvtßúEdlCakm μvtßú 1-Gñklk;vtßúEdl)ankMNt;Cak;lak; RtUvrkSaTukvtßúenaHedayRbugRby½tñ

29

kñúgnamCaGñkRKb;RKgd¾l¥ rhUtdl;eBlRbKl;vtßúenaHeTAGñkTij . bBaØtþienHRtUv ykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr cMeBaHvtßúEdlminkMNt; eRkayBI)ankMNt;vtßúenaHCak; lak;ehIy .

2-kñúgkrNIEdlGñklk;)aneFVI[)at;bg; b¤ eFVI[xUcxatvtßúEdlCakm μvtßú edaysarxøÜneFVsRbEhsmin)aneKarBkrNIykic©RtUvRbugRby½tñEdl)ankMNt; kñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH Gñklk;RtUvTTYlxusRtUv cMeBaHGñkTij tamkic©snüa nig bBaØtþiénEpñkTI 3 ¬sMNgénkarxUcxat¦ CMBUkTI 4 KnßITI 4 énRkmenH .

maRta 553>- siT§iTTYlpl kñúgkrNIEdlkm μvtßúénkarlk;)anbegáItplFmμCatimuneBlRbKl;eTAGñk

Tij plenHRtUvTukCakm μsiT§irbs;Gñklk; elIkElgEtmankarRBmeRBogKñaBiess

rvagKUPaKI . bBaØtþienHRtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr cMeBaHkrNIEdlkm μvtßúén

karlk;begáItplsuIvildUcCaéføQñÜl CaGaT× .

kfaPaKTI 2 krNIykic©©rbs;GñkTij

maRta 554>- krNIykic©TUeTArbs;GñkTij GñkTijRtUvmankrNIykic©bg;éføCaR)ak;Edlsnüa nig krNIykic©TTYlvtßú

EdlxøÜn)anTij .

maRta 555>- krNIykic©bg;éføTij 1-GñkTijmankrNIykic©bg;éføTijCaR)ak;Edl)ankMNt;kñúgkic©snüa

tamkalbriecäT nig enATIkEnøgEdl)ankMNt;kñúgkic©snüa . 2-kñúgkrNIénkarlk;clnvtßúEdlmanEtkMNt;eBlénkarRbKl;clnvtßú

EdlCakm μvtßúénkarlk;b:ueNÑaH b¤ kñúgkrNIénkarlk;GclnvtßúEdlmanEtkMNt; eBlénkareFVIskmμPaBcaM)ac;edIm,IcuHbBa¢IGclnvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénkarlk;b:ueNÑaH enaHRtUvsn μtfa eBlkMNt;énkarbg;éføTij k¾dUceBlkMNt;énkarRbKl; b¤ kar

30

eFVIskm μPaBcaM)ac;edIm,IcuHbBa¢IEdr. 3-kñúgkrNIEdlmin)ankMNt;eBlRbKl;clnvtßúEdlCakmμvtßú b¤ eBl

eFVIskm μPaBcaM)ac;edIm,IcuHbBa¢IGclnvtßúEdlCakm μvtßúpg min)ankMNt;eBlbg; éføpg GñkTijmankrNIykic©bg;éføeTAGñklk; enAeBlEdlGñklk;TamTar[Gñk

Tijbg; . 4-kñúgkrNIEdlmin)ankMNt;TIkEnøgEdlRtUvbg;éføTijenAkñúgkic©snüaeT

RbsinebIkarbg;éføRtUveFVIRBmKñanwgkarRbKl;clnvtßúEdlCakmμvtßú b¤ RBmKñanwg

kareFVIskmμPaBcaM)ac;edIm,IcuHbBa¢IGclnvtßúEdlCakm μvtßúenaH GñkTijRtUvbg;éfø enATIkEnøgEdlGñklk;RtUvRbKl;clnvtßúEdlCakmμvtßú b¤ RtUveFVIskmμPaBcaM)ac; edIm,IcuHbBa¢IGclnvtßúEdlCakm μvtßú .

¬kMNt;¦ kñúgkrNIEdlmin)anbBa¢ak;nUvkEnøgEdlRtUvRbKl;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúenAkñúgkic©snüaeT kEnøgEdlRtUvRbKl;

vtßú KWCakEnøgEdlkMNt;tambBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 3 maRta 549 ¬krNIykic©RbKl;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßú¦ .

maRta 556>- karR)ak;énéføTij nig R)ak;sMNgénkarxUcxatedaysarkaryWt

ya:v GñkTijmincaM)ac;RtUvbg;karR)ak;énéføTij b¤ R)ak;sMNgénkarxUcxat

edaysarkaryWtya:v rhUtdl;eBlEdlvtßúEdlCakm μvtßúRtUv)anRbKl;eLIy .

¬kMNt;¦ CaeKalkarN_ karRbKl;vtßúEdlCakm μvtßú nig karbg;éføTij RtUvGnuvtþRBmKña ehtudUecñH GñkTijmincaM)ac;

bg;karR)ak; b¤ R)ak;sMNgénkarxUcxatedaysarkaryWtya:v rhUtdl;eBlxøÜnTTYlkarRbKl;vtßúenaH eTaHbICa mankaryWtya:vkñúgkarGnuvtþkatBVkic©bg;éføTijk¾eday ¬cMeBaHTMnak;TMngCamYynwgsiT§iTTYlplEdlekIt eLIgBIvtßúEdlCakmμvtßú sUmemIlmaRta 553¦ . b:uEnþ PaKImanesrIPaBkñúgkarRBmeRBogxusBIenH)an .

maRta 557>- siT§ibdiesFminbg;éføTij kñúgkrNIEdlttiyCnGHGagsiT§irbs; xøÜnelIvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénkarlk;Tij

31

1-kñúgkrNIEdlmanGñkGHGagsiT§ielIvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénkarlk;Tij ehIy

mankar)armÖfa GñkTijnwg)at;bg;nUvsiT§iTaMgGs; b¤ mYyPaKEdlxøÜn)anTijenaH GñkTijGacbdiesFminbg;éføTijTaMgGs; b¤ mYyPaK eTAtamTMhMénhaniP½yenaH )an . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy cMeBaHkrNIEdlGñklk;)andak; R)atiePaKsmrmü .

2-kñúgkrNIEdl)ankMNt;kñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH Gñklk;GacTamTar [GñkTijtmál;éføTij)an .

maRta 558>- siT§itva:[GnuvtþRBmKña nig siT§itva:edaymankar)armÖ 1-GñkTijGacminRBmbg;éføTij)an rhUtdl;eBlEdlGñklk;)anpþl;nUv

karsgcMeBaHkatBVkic©rbs;xøÜn . bu:Enþ bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy cMeBaH krNIEdlkatBVkic©rbs;Gñklk;minTan;dl;eBlkMNt;RtUvsg b¤ krNIEdlman

karRBmeRBogKñaGMBIkarGnuvtþkatBVkic©bg;éføCamun . 2-eTaHbICaGñkTij)anGnuBaØat[Gñklk;maneBlkMNt;edIm,IGnuvtþkatBVkic©

k¾eday RbsinebImankar)armÖya:gCak;Esþgfa Gñklk;nwgminGnuvtþkatBVkic©rbs; xøÜn k¾GñkTijGacRbEkkminbg;éføTij)anEdr . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþ eLIy cMeBaHkrNIEdlGñklk;)andak;R)atiePaK b¤ cat;EcgviFankaredIm,IrMlt; kar)armÖenaH .

maRta 559>- karyWty:avkñúgkarbMeBjkrNIykic©TTYl 1-kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTijmankaryWtya:vkñúgkarbMeBjkrNIykic©TTYl

Gñklk;GacTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxat b¤ rMlaykic©snüa tambBaØtþiénEpñkTI 3

¬sMNgénkarxUcxat¦ nig EpñkTI 4 ¬karrMlaykic©snüa¦ CMBUkTI 4 énKnßITI 4 )an . 2-kñúgkrNIEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH ebIvtßúEdlCa

km μvtßúRtUv)an)at;bg; b¤ xUcxat edayK μankMhusrbs;Gñklk; GñkTijRtUvTTYl

bnÞúkhaniP½yenaH .

32

3-kñúgkrNIEdlGñklk;)anpþl;nUvkarsg EtGñkTijenAEtminRBmTTYl

vtßúEdlCakmμvtßú Gñklk;Gactmál; b¤ lk;vtßúEdlCakm μvtßúenaH tambBaØtþiénmaRta 457 ¬kartmál;¦ nig maRta 458 ¬siT§ilk;edayxøÜnÉg¦ énRkmenH )an .

EpñkTI 4 karrMlaykic©snüalk;;TijedayGnuvtþsiT§ielaH

maRta 560>- karsnüaBiessénkarelaH Gñklk;GacrMlaykic©snüalk;Tij edaysgR)ak;EdlGñkTij)anbg; nig

sgesah‘uyEdl)ankMNt;kñúgmaRta 563 ¬viFIGnuvtþsiT§ielaH¦ énRkmenH )an

edayEp¥kelIkarsnüaBiessénsiT§ielaHEdl)ankMNt;c,as;las; enAkñúglixit

énkic©snüa .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHTTYlsÁal;nUvkarbegáItkic©snüalk;TijedaymankarsnüaBiessénkarelaH kñúgeKalbMNgCa

R)atiePaK CaGaT× b:uEnþ edIm,IbgáarnUvGMeBIekgykcMeNjhYsehtu maRtaenHk¾EcgkRmitnUvesah‘uyénkarelaH ehIyTamTar[mankic©snüaCalayl½kçN_GkSredIm,IeFVIkarlk;TijEdlmansiT§ielaHBiessenH . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

vaküxNÐTI 1 énmaRta 579 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un

maRta 561>- GMLúgeBlénkarelaH 1-GMLúgeBlénkarelaH cMeBaHGclnvtßú KWminGac[elIsBI 5 ¬R)aM¦ qñaM

)aneT cMENkÉclnvtßúvij KWminGac[elIsBI 2 ¬BIr¦ qñaM )aneT . RbsinebI )ankMNt;GMLúgeBlEvgCagenH RtUvEtbnßykMNt;enaHedaysV½yRbvtþi mkRtwm 5

¬R)aM¦ qñaM cMeBaHGclnvtßú ehIymkRtwm 2 ¬BIr¦ qñaM vij cMeBaHclnvtßú . 2-kñúgkrNIEdlKUPaKI)ankMNt;nUvGMLúgeBlsRmab;karelaHrYcehIy KU

PaKIenaHminGacBnüarGMLúgeBl EfmeTot)aneLIy . 3-kñúgkrNIEdlmin)ankMNt;GMLúgeBlsRmab;karelaHeT Gñklk;RtUv

GnuvtþsiT§ielaHenaHenAkñúgGMLúgeBlEdl)ankMNt;kñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH .

33

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ maRta 580 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un

maRta 562>- karttaMgénkarsnüaBiessénkarelaH CaGaT× 1-GñkTijGacGnuvtþsiT§iTaMgLaykñúgnamCakm μsiT§ikr . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNI

EdlkarGnuvtþsiT§ienaH pÞúynwgGtßn½yénkarsnüaBiessénkarelaH GñkTijRtUv TTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarminGnuvtþkatBVkic©cMeBaHGñklk; .

2-karsnüaBiessénkarelaHnwgmanGanuPaBcMeBaHttiyCn luHRtaEt

karsnüaBiessenaHRtUv)ancuHbBa¢I RBmKñanwgkic©snüalk;Tij .

¬kMNt;¦ {ttiyCn} Edl)ankMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenH KWCaGñkEdl)anTTYlbnþnUvvtßú nig buKÁl

Edl)anTTYlkarbegáItsiT§iR)atiePaKRbtükS b¤ siT§iRbtükSeRbIR)as; nig GaRs½ypl BIGñkTij . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

kfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRta 581 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un

maRta 563>- viFIGnuvtþsiT§ielaH 1-Gñklk;RtUvbg;éfølk; nig bg;esah‘uykñúgkareFVIkic©snüa kñúgGMLúgeBl

Edl)ankMNt; edIm,IelaHvij . 2-kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTij b¤ GñkTTYlbnþvtßúBIGñkTij )anecjcMNay

esah‘uycMeBaHvtßúEdlCakm μvtßú Gñklk;RtUvsgeTAvijnUvcMNayCacaM)ac;sRmab; RKb;RKg nig EfrkSavtßúTaMgGs; rIÉkarcMNaybegáIntémøvij Gñklk;RtUvsgeTAGñk

TijvijnUvesah‘uyEdlGñkTij b¤ GñkTTYlbnþvtßúBIGñkTij)anecj b¤ témøR)ak; EdlekInenaH eTAtamkareRCIserIsrbs;Gñklk; kñúgkRmitEdlkMeNIntémøenaHenA Etman .

¬kMNt;¦ Rkmrdæb,evNIkm<úCacas; TTYlsÁal;nUvkarykkarR)ak;BIéfølk; b:uEnþ maRtaenHminTTYlsÁal;karykkar

34

R)ak;enHedaysV½yRbvtþieT edayRsbtamc,ab;énbNþaRbeTsnana ¬sUmemIlmaRta 560¦ . cMeBaHGanuPaB énkarsnüaBiessGMBIkarbg;karR)ak; nwgGaRs½yeTAelIkarbkRsay . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 564>- karlk;vtßúEdlCakmμsiT§iGviPaK edaymankarsnüaBiessénkar elaH

1-kñúgkrNIEdlm©as;km μsiT§iGviPaK )anlk;vtßúrYmTaMgmUledaymankar snüaBiessénkarelaH tamkic©snüaEtmYy ehIybuKÁlmñak;kñúgcMeNamm©as; km μsiT§iGviPaKTaMgGs;)anTamTar[elaHvtßúmYyPaKEdlCakmμsiT§irbs;xøÜn b¤ vtßú TaMgmUlenaH GñkTijmincaM)ac;yl;RBmk¾)anEdr .

2-RbsinebIm©as;km μsiT§iGviPaKTaMgGs; )anlk;PaKEdlCakm μsiT§irbs; xøÜnmñak;²eTAGñkTijEtmñak; tamkic©snüaedayELk edaymankarsnüaBiessén

karelaHvij m©as;kmμsiT§iGviPaKnImYy²enaHGacelaHmkvij nUvPaKEdlCakmμsiT§i rbs;xøÜn)an .


maRta 565>- GanuPaBénkarminGnuvtþsiT§ielaH RbsinebIGñklk;minGnuvtþsiT§ielaHkñúgGMLúgeBlEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúg

maRta 561 ¬GMLúgeBlénkarelaH¦ énRkmenHeT siT§ielaHRtUvrlt; ehIykm μsiT§i rbs;GñkTijnwgkøayCasßaBr .

CMBUkTI 2 kardUr

maRta 566>- Gtßn½y kardUr RtUvmanGanuPaB tamkarsnüaEdlPaKITaMgsgxag eFVIkarepÞrsiT§i

35

elIRTBüsm,tþi eRkABIR)ak;eTAvijeTAmk .

¬kMNt;¦ kardUr KWCakic©snüaepÞrsiT§ielIRTBüsm,tþi[KñaeTAvijeTAmk eRkABIkmμsiT§ielIR)ak; . ]TahrN_ kic©snüa

epÞrrvagkmμsiT§ielIkuMBüÚT½rCamYynwgkmμsiT§ielIma:suInftrUb . kardUr KWCakic©snüaEdleFVIeLIg edayRKan;Et mankarRBmeRBogKñaBIPaKITaMgBIrb:ueNÑaH ehIyCakic©snüaGBaØmBaØ EdlyktémøfñÚr ¬mUla¦ .

¬maRtaeyag¦ kfaxNÐTI 1 maRta 586 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1702 dl;maRta 1707 énRkmrdæb,evNI

)araMg/ maRta 515 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;

maRta 567>- karykbBaØtþiénkarlk;TijmkGnuvtþdUcKña bBaØtþisþIGMBIkarlk;Tij RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdrcMeBaHkardUr .

¬kMNt;¦ kfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 586 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un )anEcgCaBiesssþIBIkardUrEdlmanR)ak;bEnßm

¬EdlPaKINamYysnüafa nwgepÞrsiT§ielIRTBüsm,tþieRkABIR)ak; CamYyKñanwgR)ak;bénßm¦ ehIyEcgfa bBaØtþi TaMgLayEdlTak;Tgnwgéfølk;kñúgkic©snüalk;Tij RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdrcMeBaHR)ak;enaH . eyIg seRmcfa bBaØtþiEdlBak;B½n§eTAnwgkarlk;Tij RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr cMeBaHkardUr edayrYmbBa©Úul TaMgkrNIkardUrEdlmanR)ak;bEnßm BIeRBaHvanwgminbgá[manbBaðaGVICaBiessNamYyenaHeT .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ maRta 586 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1702 dl;maRta 1707 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 515

énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;

CMBUkTI 3 RbTankmμ

maRta 568>- niymn½y RbTankm μ sMedAeTAelIkic©snüamYy EdlRtUvmanGanuPaB edayPaKImçag

bgðajqnÞ³pþl;eTA[PaKImçageTotnUvRTBüsm,tþi edayminykéfø ehIyPaKImçag

eTotyl;RBmTTYl .

36

¬kMNt;¦ RbTankm μ KWCakic©snüamYyRbePTEdltamry³enaH PaKImçagpþl; ]TahrN_fa kuMBüÚT½rrbs;xøÜn [eTAPaKI

mçageToteday\tKitéfø ehIyCakic©snüaEdlminyktémøfñÚr nig kic©snüaÉketaPaKIEdlTaykTTYlnUv katBVkic©EtÉkÉgcMeBaHbdiKÁahk . RbTankmμ k¾Cakic©snüaEdltRmUv[mankarRBmeRBogrvagTayk nig bdiKÁahk ehIyEdlRtUv)anbegáIteLIgedayRKan;EtmankarRBmeRBogrvagKUPaKIEtb:ueNÑaH .

RbTankm μRTBüsm,tþimann½yfa CakarbegáInnUvRTBüsm,tþirbs;bdiKÁahk edaybnßynUvRTBüsm,tþi rbs;Tayk ehtudUecñH karTTYlkarBVkic©rbs;PaKImçageTot ¬bdiKÁahk¦ eday[PaKIenaHrYcputBIkatBVkic©enH k¾CaRbTankm μEdr .

kic©snüaEdlPaKImçagNamYyGnuBaØat[PaKImçageToteRbIR)as;nUvvtßúedayminyktémøfñÚr rab;bBa©Úlkarx©I eRbI ¬maRta 625 nig maRtabnþbnÞab;¦ nig kic©snüax©IbriePaKedayminyktémøfñÚr ¬maRta 578 nig maRtabnþbnÞab;¦ . bEnßmBIelIenHeTot kic©snüasþIBIkarpþl;nUvBlkm μ sRmab;bMeBjkic©karedayminykkéRm RtUv)ancat;TukfaCaGaNtþiedayminykkéRm ¬sUmemIlmaRta 638¦ . kic©snüaRbePTTaMgenHminRtUv)an cat;TukfaCaRbTankm μeT b:uEnþ KWCakic©snüaEdlminyktémøfñÚredayELkEdlmanlkçN³Biess .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 549 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 894 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 516 nig maRta 517 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;

maRta 569>- karepÞrkm μsiT§i karepÞrkm μsiT§iénvtßúEdlCakm μvtßú enAkñúgkic©snüaRbTankm μ RtUvGnuelam

tameKalkarN_TUeTAEdlkMNt;enAkñúgmaRta 133 ¬karbegáIt karepÞr nig karEk

ERbnUvsiT§iRbtükS edaykarRBmeRBog¦ maRta 134 ¬l½kçx½NÐttaMgénkarbegáIt

karepÞr nig karEkERbnUvsiT§iRbtükS¦ maRta 135 ¬l½kçx½NÐedIm,IbegáItGanuPaBén

karepÞrkm μsiT§ielIGclnvtßúedaykarRBmeRBog¦ maRta 160 ¬lT§km μénkm μsiT§i elIGclnvtßú¦ nig maRta 187 ¬lT§km μénkm μsiT§ielIclnvtßú¦ énRkmenH .

¬kMNt;¦ tamkic©snüaRbTankm μ siT§ielIRTBüsm,tþiRtUv)anepÞrBITaykeTAbdiKÁahk ehIykñúgcMeNamsiT§ielI

RTBüsm,tþiTaMgenH siT§icm,gKWCakmμsiT§i . dUecñHehIy)anCaeyIgdak;bBa©ÚlmaRtaenHedIm,IsmÁal;fa

37

RbsinebIkmμsiT§iRtUv)anepÞr tamry³RbTankmμ maRtaTaMgLayEdlBak;B½n§nwgkarpÞrkm μsiT§i RtUvykmkGnuvtþ dUcKñapgEdr .

maRta 570>- RbTankm μEdlmineFVICalayl½kçN_GkSr eTaHbICa)aneFVIkarsnüaRbTankmμk¾eday RbsinebImin)aneFVICalayl½kçN_

GkSrsþIGMBIRbTankmμeT PaKIénkic©snüa Gaclubecalkic©snüa edaydkkarbgðaj

qnÞ³énkareFVIRbTankm μvij)an . b:uEnþ cMeBaHEpñkEdl)anGnuvtþehIy minGacdk

karbgðajqnÞ³énkareFVIRbTankm μvij)aneLIy .

¬kMNt;¦ edaysarEtmanbBaØtþiEdlEcgfa kic©snüaRbTankm μ Cakic©snüaEdleFVIeLIgtamkarRBmeRBogEtb:ueNÑaH

edayminTamTarnUvlixityfaPUt CaGaT× maRtaenHyklMnaMtamRkmrdæb,evNICb:un ehIyEcgfa EpñkEdl minTan;)anGnuvtþénkic©snüaRbTankmμEdlminsresrCalayl½kçN_GkSr Gacdkvij)an . CaFm μta Rbsin ebIqnÞ³rbs;TaykRtUv)anbgðajtamrUbPaBCalayl½kçN_GkSr karbgðajqnÞ³rebobenH KWCalT§plénkar vinicä½yedayRbugRby½tñrbs;Tayk ehIyqnÞ³enaHGacRtUv)aneFVIkarbBa¢ak;y:agc,as;las;tamlixitCalay l½kçN_GkSrenaH . edayehtuenH bdiKÁahkGacbgçM[TaykGnuvtþnUvRbTankm μ)an . k¾b:uEnþ cMeBaHRbTankmμ EdlmineFVICalayl½kçN_GkSr mankrNICaeRcInEdrEdlTayksnüaeFVIRbTankmμedayminm)anKitBicarNa edayRbugRby½tñ . ehtudUecñH maRtaenHEcgGMBIlT§PaBénkardk . RbePTénkic©snüaCalayl½kçN_GkSr EdltRmUv[eFVI GaRs½yeTAtamkarbkRsaynaeBlGnaKt . tamkarbkRsayRkmrdæb,evNICb:unvij lixitTaMgLayEdlcg¥úleTArkqnÞ³énRbTankm μ RtUv)anTTYlsÁal;y:agTUlMTUlayfaCalixitEdlRtUv)anyl; eXIjfa maneKalbMNgeFVIRbTankm μ .


maRta 571>- karlubecalRbTankm μedaysarGMeBIrMelaPelITMnukcitþ CaGaT× 1-kñúgkrNIEdlbdiKÁahk)aneFVIGMeBIrMelaPelITMnukcitþF¶n;F¶rcMeBaHTayk

TaykGaclubecalRbTankm μ)an . 2-cMeBaHEpñkEdl)anGnuvtþehIy karlubecalRbTankm μEdlkMNt;enA

38

kñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH GaceFVI)anEtkñúgGMLúgeBl 5 ¬R)aM¦ qñaM Kitcab;BI eBlEdlmanGMeBIrMelaPelITMnukcitþF¶n;F¶renaH .

¬kMNt;¦ edaysarkareFVIRbTankm μ CaFmμta CaskmμPaBEdlminKitkéRmfñÚr edayEp¥kelIsuqnÞ³ ehIyRtUv)aneFVI

edayEp¥kelIsßanPaBhirBaØvtßúFUrFarrbs;Tayk Rkmrdæb,evNIénRbeTsxøH)anpþl;[TayknUvsiT§iTamTar [ykmkvijnUvGMeNayEdl)aneFVIRbTankmμehIyenaH RbsinebImansßanPaBpøas;bþÚreRkayeBleFVIRbTankm μ dUcCakrNIEdlbdiKÁahkbgðajnUvPaBGktBaØútacMeBaHTayk b¤ krNIEdlTaykFøak;xøÜnRk . maRtaenH nig maRta 572 EclGMBIsiT§ilubecal kñúgkrNITaMgenaH .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ maRta 953 nig maRta 966 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 530 dl;maRta 533 énRkmrdæb,evNI

GaløWm:g;

maRta 572>- karlubecalRbTankm μedaysarPaBTIT½lRkrbs;Tayk 1-RbsinebITaykFøak;xøÜnkñúgsßanPaBTIT½lRk minGacrkSaCIvPaBrs;enA

rbs;xøÜnpÞal; nig buKÁlEdlRtUvmanGaharkatBVkic© eRkayBI)anbgðajqnÞ³eFVI RbTankm μehIy TaykGaclubRbTankm μenaHecal)an .

2-cMeBaHEpñkEdl)anGnuvtþehIy karlubecalRbTankm μEdlkMNt;enA kñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH GaceFVI)anEtkñúgGMLúgeBl 5 ¬R)aM¦ qñaM Kitcab;BIeBl

Edl)anGnuvtþ .

¬kMNt;¦ sUmemIlesckþIkMNt;énmaRta 571 ¬karlubecalRbTankmμedaysarGMeBIrMelaPelITMnukcitþ CaGaT×¦ .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ maRta 528 nig maRta 529 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;

maRta 573>- GanuPaBénkarlubecalRbTankm μ kñúgkrNIEdl)anlubecalRbTankm μtambBaØtþiénmaRta 571 ¬karlub

39

ecalRbTankm μedaysarGMeBIrMelaPelITMnukcitþ CaGaT×¦ nig maRta 572 ¬karlub

ecalRbTankm μedaysarPaBTIT½lRkrbs;Tayk¦ xagelIenH TaykGacTamTar [sgRTBüsm,tþiEdl)aneFVIRbTankm μenaH edayEp¥ktambBaØtþisþIBIkarsgén

esckþIceRmIneday\tehtu)an .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIGanuPaBénkarGnuvtþnUvsiT§ilubecalRbTankm μ .

maRta 574>- karbnßynUvkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFana Tayk BMumanbnÞúkTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFana cMeBaHvikar³ b¤ karxVHvtßú b¤ siT§i

EdlCakm μvtßúénRbTankm μeLIy . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy ebI Tayk)andwgGMBIvikar³ b¤ karxVHenaHehIy Etmin)anpþl;dMNwgeTAbdiKÁahk .

¬kMNt;¦ TaykminRtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanacMeBaHvikar³énKuNPaBénvtßúEdlCakm μvtßúénRbTankmμ b¤ vikar³

énsiT§ienaHeLIy . cMeBaHkic©snüaRbTankm μ EdlCakic©snüaminykkémøfñÚr xusKñaBIkic©snüalk;Tij b¤ kic©snüaepSgeTot EdlykkémøfñÚr eTaHbICavtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénRbTankm μmanvikar³enAeBleFVIkic©snüa k¾eday k¾vaminsmrmüEdr Edldak;bnÞúkF¶n;eToteTATayk bEnßmBIelIbnÞúkcMeBaHkarRbKl;nUvvtßú eTAtam sßanPaBbc©úbn,rbs;vaenaH . cMeBaHRbTankm μEdlmanP¢ab;bnÞúk kfaxNÐTI 3 énmaRta 576 EcgGMBI krNIelIkElg .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ maRta 551 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 523 maRta 524 nig maRta 526 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;

maRta 575>- RbTankm μedaymankMNt;eBl RbTankm μEdleFVIeLIgkñúgeKalbMNgpþl;tavkalikedaymankMNt;eBl

RtUv)at;bg;GanuPaB edaymrNPaBrbs;Tayk b¤ bdiKÁahk .

¬kMNt;¦ RbTankm μedaymankMNt;eBl KWCaRbTankmμEdlmanlkçN³bnþ ehIyCaRbTankmμEdlmankMNt;eBl

40

cMeBaHvtßúmYycMnYn ]TahrN_dUcCa RbTankmμ 50 000 erol RbcaMEx sRmab;cMNaykñúgCIvPaBrs;enA . eday karBicarNaGMBIqnÞ³énPaKIkic©snüaRbTankm μedaymankMNt;eBl GanuPaBénkic©snüaRbTankmμRtUv)at;bg; enAeBlEdlTayk b¤ bdiKÁahkTTYlmrNPaB elIkElgEtKUPaKI)ansnüaBiess .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ maRta 552 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 520 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;

maRta 576>- RbTankm μEdlmanP¢ab;bnÞúk 1-RbTankm μ EdlbdiKÁahkmankrNIykic©RtUvGnuvtþkarpþl;tavkalikCa

kMNt; edIm,ITTYlRTBüsm,tþiEdlCakmμvtßúénRbTankm μ RtUvehAfa RbTankm μEdl

manP¢ab;bnÞúk . 2-enAkñúgRbTankmμEdlmanP¢ab;bnÞúk TaykRtUvTTYlxusRtUvelIR)atiePaK

dUcKñanwgGñklk;pgEdr RtwmkRmiténbnÞúkenaH . 3-kñúgkrNIEdlPaKImçag)aneFVIkarpþl;tavkalik enAkñúgRbTankm μEdl

manP¢ab;bnÞúk buKÁlenaHGacTamTar cMeBaHPaKImçageTot[pþl;tavkalik)an . 4-enAkñúgRbTankm μEdlmanP¢ab;bnÞúk ebIK μankic©snüaBiesseT luHRtaEt

PaKImçagmin)aneFVIkarpþl;tavkalikeT eTIbPaKImçageToténkic©snüa Gacminpþl; tavkalikrbs;xøÜn)an .

5-TaykénRbTankmμEdlmanP¢ab;bnÞúk GacrMlaykic©snüaRbTankmμEdl

manP¢ab;bnÞúkenaH tambBaØtþiénkarrMlaykic©snüa)an enAkñúgkrNIEdlPaKImçag

eTotmin)anGnuvtþbnÞúk .

¬kMNt;¦ dUcEdlmanEcgkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRtaenH RbTankmμEdlmanP¢ab;bnÞúk KWCaRbTankmμEdlbdiKÁahk

TTYlbnÞúknUvkrNIykic©kñúgkarpþl;tavkalikCak;lak;NamYy . k¾b:uEnþ edaysarEtRbTankm μEdlmanP¢ab; bnÞúkenAEtCakic©snüaEdlminyktémøfñÚr krNIykic©kñúgkarpþl;tavkalikrbs;bdiKÁahk RtUvEtmantémøTab CagsiT§ielIRTBüsm,tþiEdlRtUveFVIRbTankm μedayTayk . kñúgRbTankmμEdlmanP¢ab;bnÞúk PaKITaMgBIrTTYl bnÞúknUvkrNIykic©kñúgkarpþl;tavkalik ehtudUecñH bBaØtþiTaMgLayEdlTak;Tgnwgkic©snüaGBaØmBaØ Gacyk

41

mkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr . kfaxNÐTI 2 nig kfaxNÐbnþbnÞab; Ecgc,as;GMBIbnÞúkTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFana siT§itva: kñúgkarGnuvtþRBmKña nig siT§irMlay edayGaRs½yeTAtameKalbMNgenaH .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ maRta 553 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 954 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg

maRta 577>- RbTankm μedaymUlehtumrNPaB 1-RbTankm μEdlbegáItGanuPaBedaymrNPaBrbs;Tayk RtUvehAfa

RbTankm μedaymUlehtumrNPaB . 2-bBaØtþiénGc©½yTan RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr cMeBaHGanuPaBén

RbTankm μedaymUlehtumrNPaB .

¬kMNt;¦ RbTankm μedaymUlehtumrNPaB KWCaRbTankm μEdlykmrNPaBrbs;TaykmkeFVICal½kçx½NÐedIm,I

begáItGanuPaB tamry³kic©snüaEdlTaykenaH)aneFVICamYybdiKÁahkkñúgGMLúgeBlEdlTaykenaHenArs; . RbTankm μedaymUlehtumrNPaB KWRsedogKñaeTAnwgGc©½yTanRtg;fa minmankarpøas;bþÚrsßanPaBRTBüsm,tþi kñúgGMLúgeBlEdlTaykrs;enA ehIyRTBüsm,tþiEdlCakmμsiT§irbs;snþtiCnfycuHenAeBlEdlsnþtikmμ cab;epþImenAeBlEdlmtkCnTTYlmrNPaB . dUecñH maRtaenHEcgfa bBaØtþiEdlTak;TgnwgGc©½yTan RtUvyk mkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr cMeBaHRbTankmμedaymUlehtumrNPaB . edaysarEtRbTankm μedaymUlehtu mrNPaBKWCakic©snüa ¬minEmnCaskm μPaBÉketaPaKI¦ bBaØtþiEdlTak;TgnwgsmtßPaB TRmg; karyl;RBm nig karlHbg;Gc©½yTan EdlCabBaØtþiRtUv)anerobcMedaysarlkçN³Caskm μPaBÉketaPaKIénGc©½yTan min RtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy . manEtbBaØtþisþIBIGanuPaBénGc©½yTaneTEdlGacykmkGnuvtþdUcKña)an .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ maRta 554 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 943 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 230 énRkm rdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;

CMBUkTI 4 karx©IbriePaK

EpñkTI 1 niymn½y nig karbegáItkic©snüax©IbriePaK

maRta 578>- niymn½yénkarx©IbriePaK

42

karx©IbriePaK sMedAeTAelIkic©snüamYy EdlPaKImçag ehAfaGñk[x©I man

krNIykic©RbKl;kareRbIR)as;edayesrI nUvR)ak; es,ógGahar RsUv b¤ vtßúCMnYs 4

epSgeTot kñúgGMLúgeBlEdlmankMNt; [eTAPaKImçageTot ehAfa Gñkx©I ehIyenA eRkayeBlEdlGMLúgeBlenaH)anknøgput Gñkx©ImankrNIykic©sgeTA[Gñk[

x©Ivij nUvvtßúEdlmanRbePT KuNPaB nig cMnYn esμIKñanwgvtßúEdl)anTTYlBI Gñk[x©IenaH .5

¬kMNt;¦ kñúgkrNIEdlGñk[x©I )an[Gñkx©I x©IR)ak; b¤ RsUv Gñkx©ImanesrIPaBkñúgkareRbIR)as; b¤ briePaKR)ak; b¤

RsUvenaH)an ehIyGñkx©IenaHmankrNIykic©sgeTAGñk[x©Ivij nUvR)ak;EdlmancMnYnes μIKña b¤ nUvRsUvEdlman RbePT nig RbmaNdUcKña eRkayBIGMLúgeBlkMNt;mYy)anknøgputeTA . mankrNIBIr KW krNIEdlman karR)ak; nig krNIEdlKμankarR)ak; ehIykic©snüax©IbriePaKR)ak;edayP¢ab;karR)ak; KWCaviFId¾sMxan;mYy sRmab;;skmμPaBesdækic© .

maRta 579>- karbegáItkic©snüax©IbriePaK kic©snüax©IbriePaKRtUvbegáIteLIg edaykarRBmeRBogrvagGñk[x©I nig Gñkx©I

Etb:ueNÑaH .

¬kMNt;¦ enARbeTsCaeRcIn kic©snüax©IbriePaK KWCakic©snüaEdlcaM)ac;RtUvRbKl;vtßú ¬kic©snüaEdlbegáItGanuPaB

edayRbKl;vtßú¦ . k¾b:uEnþ eRkABIkic©snüaRbePTenH enAkñúgRbeTsTaMgGs; eKTTYlsÁal;kic©snüax©IbriePaK EdlbegáIteLIgedayEtkic©RBmeRBog ¬kic©snüax©IbriePaKedaykarRBmeRBog b¤ karsnüaCamunnUvkarx©I briePaK kic©snüaEdlmanxøwmsarfa nwgpþl;\NTannaGnaKt CaGaT×¦ ehIyeKeRbIkic©snüaRbePTenH TUlMTUlaykñúgkic©karCaFm μta . dUecñHehIy kñúgRkmenH kic©snüax©IbriePaKGacbegáIteLIg edayEtkar RBmeRBogrbs;PaKIEtb:ueNÑaH)an ¬kic©snüaEdlRtUv)anbegáIteLIgedayRKan;EtmankarRBmeRBogb:ueNÑaH¦ . b:uEnþ tameKalkarN_esrIPaBkñúgkareFVIkic©snüa PaKIGackMNt;fa GanuPaBénkic©snüanwgekIteLIg enAeBl

4 {vtßúCMnYs} sMedAeTAelIvtßúEdlGacRtUv)anCMnYsedayvtßúepSgEdlmanRbePT KuNPaB nig cMnYndUcKña 5 maRta 578 enH RtUv)aneFVIviesaFnkmμedayc,ab;sþIBIkarGnuvtþRkmrdæb,evNI .

43

EdleFVIlixitkic©snüaCalayl½kçN_GkSr b¤ enAeBlRbKl;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénkic©snüaenaH)an .

maRta 580>- kardkkic©snüax©IbriePaKminykkarR)ak;EdlmineFVICalixit

layl½kçN_GkSr cMeBaHkic©snüax©IbriePaKminykkarR)ak;EdlmineFVICalixitlayl½kçN_

GkSr PaKInImYy²énkic©snüa Gacdkkic©snüaenaHenAeBlNak¾)an . b:uEnþ bBaØtþi enHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy cMeBaHEpñkénvtßúEdlCakm μvtßúEdlGñk[x©I)anRbKl; ehIy .

¬kMNt;¦ kic©snüax©IbriePaKEdlminykkarR)ak; KWCakic©snüaEdlminyktémøfñÚr . eyIgGacEcgfa kic©snüaenH

Cakic©snüaEdlRtUv)anbegáIteLIg edaykarRbKl;vtßú b¤ edaybMeBjTRmg;NamYyCakMNt;)an edaysarEt lkçN³Biessénkic©snüaEdlminyktémøfñÚr . k¾b:uEnþ kic©snüax©IbriePaKedayminykkarR)ak; EdleFVIeLIg edaykarRBmeRBogedaypÞal;mat; RtUv)aneRbIya:gTUlMTUlay kñúgCIvPaBRbcaMéf¶ dUcCakarx©IluyeTAvijeTAmk rvagmitþPkþi CaedIm . ehtuenHehIymincaM)ac;bdiesFTaMgRsugnUvGanuPaBenHeT RKan;EtbnßyGanuPaBcg énkic©snüaEbbenHRKb;RKan;ehIy . ehtuenHehIy RbsinebI)aneFVIkic©snüaCalayl½kçN_GkSr Gñk[x©Iman krNIykic©RbKl;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßútamkic©snüa k¾b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlkic©snüa[x©IluyEdlminykkarR)ak; RtUv)aneFVIeLIgedaypÞal;mat; RbsinebIGñk[x©IminTan;RbKl;luyx©ICak;lak;enAeLIyeT Gñk[x©IGacbBaÄb;kar [x©IluyenaH)anEdr edaymincaM)ac;manmUlehtuc,as;las;eT .

maRta 581>- karrMlayedaykarFøak;cuHnUvTMnukcitþcMeBaHGñkx©I 1-enAkñúgcenøaHeBlEdlkic©snüa)anbegáIteLIg rhUteTAdl;eBlRbKl;

vtßúEdlCakmμvtßú RbsinebIsßanPaBesdækic©rbs;Gñkx©I Føak;cuHy:agxøaMg EdlnwgeFVI [man]bsKÁdl;karGnuvtþkatBVkic©sg Gñk[x©IGacrMlaykic©snüax©IbriePaK)an .

2-ebIGñk[x©I)anrMlaykic©snüaedayEp¥ktambBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1 xag

elIenH enAkñúgkrNIEdl)anTTYlkarR)ak;kéRmeCIgsar b¤ témøfñÚrepSgeTot Camun

Gñk[x©IenaHRtUvsgeTA[Gñkx©Ivij .

44

¬kMNt;¦ enAeBl)aneFVIkic©snüax©IbriePaK Gñk[x©ImankrNIykic©RbKl;nUvvtßúEdlCakm μvtßúenaH . k¾b:uEnþ kñúgkrNI

EdlsßanPaBesdækic©rbs;Gñkx©I)anRtUvcuHGn;fy eRkayeBleFVIkic©snüa rhUtdl;eBlRbKl;enaH RbsinbI Gñk[x©IenAEtmankrNIykic©RbKl;enH enaHnwgbegáIt[manlT§plGsmPaBmYy ehtuenHehIy RkmenH Ecg[Gñk[x©IGacrMlaykic©snüa)an ebImanmUlehtuvibtþi\NTan .

müa:geTot kñúgkrNIEdlsßanPaB\NTanrbs;kUnbMNul)ancuHGn;fymuneBleFVIkic©snüa EtGñk[x©I min)andwgmunnwgeFVIkic©snüa bBaØtþiénmaRtaenHminGacykmkGnuvtþ)aneLIy b:uEnþ Gñk[x©ImanlT§PaBkñúgkar TTYlkarkarBar tambBaØtþisþIBIkarqe)ak karPan;RcLM CaGaT× . cMeBaHkarcuHGn;fyénsßanPaB\NTan eRkaykarRbKl;vtßúEdlCakm μvtßúenaH maRtaenHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeT KWRtUvcat;EcgtameKalkarN_pøas;bþÚr sßanPaB b¤ eKalkarN_TUeTAepSgeTot .

maRta 582>- ]bsnüaénkarx©IbriePaK 1-buKÁlEdlmankrNIykic©pþl;tavkalikCaR)ak; b¤ vtßúCMnYsepSgeTot

edaymUlehtueRkAGMBIkarx©IbriePaK RbsinebI)anRBmeRBogCamYym©as;bMNulfa ykvtßúenaHeFVICakmμvtßúénkarx©IbriePaK karx©IbriePaKRtUv)anbegáIteLIgedaykar RBmeRBogenH .

2-kñúgkrNIEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH R)atiePaK

sRmab;katBVkic©cas; RtUv)ansn μtfa RtUvkøayeTACaR)atiePaKsRmab;katBVkic©f μI .

¬kMNt;¦ ]TahrN_ kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTijminGacbg;éfølk; 1 mWunerol)aneT ehIyGñkTaMgBIr)anRBmeRBogfa Gñk

lk;[GñkTijx©IR)ak; 1 mWunerol tamkarBit Gñklk;min)an[GñkTijx©I 1 mWuneroleT k¾b:uEnþ TMnak;TMngén kic©snüax©IbriePaK RtUv)anbegáIteLIg rvagGñklk; nig GñkTij . BIeRBaHkrNIenHminxusBIkrNIEdlGñklk; [GñkTijx©I 1 muWnerol ehIyGñkTijykluyenaHeTAbg;éfølk;[Gñklk;vij . kñúgkrNIenH RbsinebIman karFana b¤ siT§ihIub:UEtk edIm,IeFVICaR)atiePaKsRmab;siT§ielIbMNulEdlCatémølk;Tij eRkaymk R)atiePaKTaMgenHnwgkøayCaR)atiePaKEdlFanakatBVkic©én]bsnüax©IbriePaK elIkElgEtmankic©RBmeRBog pÞúyBIenaH .

EpñkTI 2 karx©IbriePaKedayP¢ab;karR)ak;

45

maRta 583>- siT§ielIbMNulEdlCakarR)ak; 1-karR)ak; sMedAeTAelIcMnYnTwkR)ak; b¤ vtßúepSgeTot EdlRtUv)anpþl;

eTA[tamsmamaRténGMLúgeBlénkareRbIR)as; kñúgnamCatémøtbcMeBaHkareRbI R)as;R)ak; b¤ vtßú EdlRtUv)anRbKl;[Gñkx©I ehIyEdlRtUvKNnaedayykcMnYn

TwkR)ak; b¤ vtßú Edl)anx©I mkKuNCamYynwgGRtaEdlRtUv)ankMNt; . 2-enAkñúgbBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH vtßúEdlRtUv)anRbKl;[Gñkx©I

ehAfa R)ak;edIm PaKEdl)ankMNt; EdlRtUv)andak;cUleTAkñúgcMnYnTwkR)ak; énR)ak;edIm ehAfaGRtakarR)ak; .

3-PaKIénkic©snüax©IbriePaK Gacykkm μvtßúénkarsgkarR)ak;mkbegáItCa siT§ielIbMNul tamkarRBmeRBog)an . b:uEnþ cMeBaHkarRBmeRBogbegáItsiT§ielI bMNulénkarR)ak; RbsinebIBMu)aneFVItamlixitCalayl½kçN_GkSr edaymancuH htßelxarbs;Gñkx©IeT BMumanGanuPaBeLIy .

4-enAkñúgkarRBmeRBogbegáItsiT§ielIbMNulénkarR)ak; edaymineyaltam

lixitCalayl½kçN_GkSr EdlmancuHhtßelxarbs;Gñkx©I RbsinebIGñkx©I)ansg

edaydwgGMBIkarGnuvtþbBaØtþivaküxNÐTI 2 énkfaxNÐTI 3 xagelIenH karsgman

GanuPaBRtwmkRmitEdlRtUv)ansgenaHEtbu:eNÑaH .

¬kMNt;¦ R)ak; b¤ vtßúCMnYsepSgeTotEdlbg;edayykGRtakMNt;mYy tamsmamaRténcMnYnR)ak;edIm b¤ vtßúedIm nig

GMLúgeBléneRbIR)as; kñúgnamCatémøfñÚrénkareRbIR)ak;edIm b¤ vtßúedImedayGñkx©I ¬témøfñÚrcMeBaHkarEdlGñk[ x©IminGaceRbIvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúrbs;xøÜn kñúgGMLúgeBlkMNt;mYy¦ RtUvehAfaCakarR)ak; . ]TahrN_ dUcCakñúgkrNIKitkarR)ak;elItémølk;Tij eKGacKitkarR)ak;cMeBaHsiT§ielIbMNuleRkABIsiT§ielIbMNulénkarx©I briePaK)anEdr . k¾b:uEnþ edIm,IykkarR)ak; caM)ac;RtUvmanR)ak;edImCaR)ak; b¤ CavtßúCMnYsepSgeTot . rIÉkñúg krNIdUcCaéføQñÜlpÞHvij témøfñÚrEdlbg;cMeBaHkareRbIvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúenaH tamkic©snüax©IvtßúkMNt;BiessmYy ehIynwgsgvtßúenaHeTAvij ¬Ptisnüa¦ minEmnCa {karR)ak;} eT .

karR)ak;GacCabnÞúkmYyd¾F¶n;sRmab;kUnbMNul ehtuenHehIyRbsinebIkic©RBmeRBogenaHmin)aneFVIeday

46

lixitCalayl½kçN_GkSrEdlmancuHhtßelxarbs;Gñkx©IeT CaeKalkarN_ siT§ielIbMNulcMeBaHkarR)ak; minRtUv ekIteLIgeT . k¾b:uEnþ kñúgCIvPaBerogral;éf¶ Gacmankarsnüabg;karR)ak;edaypÞal;mat; . kñúgkrNIenH edIm,IkarBarkMu[manvivaTEdlGñkx©ITamTar[sgvijnUvkarR)ak;EdlxøÜn)anbg;edaysμ ½RKcitþrYcehIy kfaxNÐTI 4 dUcxagelIenH RtUv)anerobcMeLIg .

maRta 584>- GRtakarR)ak;EdlkMNt;edayc,ab; nig GRtakarR)ak;kñúgkic© snüa

1-GRtakarR)ak; GackMNt;)antambBaØtþic,ab; b¤ edaykarRBmeRBogrbs; PaKI .

2-kñúgkrNIEdlRtUvbg;karR)ak; tamkarRBmeRBogrvagPaKI b¤ bBaØtþic,ab; RbsinebIPaKIBMu)ankMNt;GMBIGRtakarR)ak;eTenaH RtUvGnuelamtamGRtakarR)ak; EdlkMNt;edayc,ab;EdlbBaØtþenAkñúgRkmenH b¤ c,ab;Biess .

3-GRtakarR)ak;EdlkMNt;tamkarRBmeRBogrbs;PaKI ehIyEdlhYs

GRtakarR)ak;EdlkMNt;edayc,ab; BMumanGanuPaBeLIy ebIBMu)ankMNt;tamlixit

Calayl½kçN_GkSr eyagtamrUbmnþEdlkMNt;kñúgkfaxNÐTI 3 maRta 583

¬siT§ielIbMNulEdlCakarR)ak;¦ xagelIeT .

¬kMNt;¦ CaeKalkarN_ GRtakarR)ak;RtUvkMNt;tamkarRBmeRBogrbs;PaKI ¬GRtakarR)ak;enH ehAfa {GRtakar

R)ak;kñúgkic©snüa}¦ . kñúgkrNIEdlPaKI)ansnüabg;karR)ak; Etmin)ankMNt;nUvGRtakarR)ak;enHeT RtUvyk GRtakarR)ak;Edl)ankMNt;edayRkmenH b¤ c,ab;epSg ¬GRtakarR)ak;enH ehAfa {GRtakarR)ak;kMNt;eday c,ab;}¦ . kñúgkrNIEdlRtUvbg;karR)ak; edayeyagtambBaØtþiénc,ab; ¬kfaxNÐTI 3 énmaRta 411/ kfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRta 461/ maRta 643/ kfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRta 646/ kfaxNÐTI 4 énmaRta 712/ kfaxNÐTI 1 nig kfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRta 737/ kfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRta 911/ kfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRta 915/ kfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRta 916/ kfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRta 932/ maRta 1101/ maRta 1132/ kfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRta 1303 CaedIm¦ k¾RtUvGnuvtþdUcKñaEdr .

müa:geTot cMeBaHGRtakñúgkic©snüaEdlx<s;CagGRtakarR)ak;kMNt;edayc,ab; caM)ac;RtUvkMNt;Calay l½kçN_GkSr edaymanhtßelxarbs;PaKI . dUecñH kñúgkrNIEdlkarbg;karR)ak;enaH RtUvkMNt;Calayl½kçN_

47

GkSr edaymanhtßelxarbs;kUnbMNul b:uEnþ GRtakarR)ak;enaHRtUv)ansnüaedaypÞal;mat; eBlenaH RbsinebIGRtakarR)ak;Edl)ansnüaenH x<s;CagGRtakarR)ak;EdlkMNt;edayc,ab; RtUvykGRtakarR)ak;Edl kMNt;edayc,ab;enHmkKNnakarR)ak; ehIyRbsinebIGRtakarR)ak;Edl)ansnüaenH TabCagGRtakarR)ak; EdlkMNt;edayc,ab; RtUvykGRtakarR)ak;kñúgkic©snüaenHmkKNnakarR)ak; .

maRta 585>- karkRmitkarR)ak; 1-GRtakarR)ak;EdlRtUv)ankRmit sMedAeTAelIGRtakarR)ak;GtibrmaEdl

GackMNt;)anedayRsbc,ab; tamkarRBmeRBogrbs;PaKI EdlkMNt;edayc,ab; nig bTdæanKtiyutþepSgeTot .

2-PaKIGackMNt;karR)ak; x<s;CagGRtakarR)ak;EdlkMNt;edayc,ab; Edl)anbBaØtþkñúgkfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRta 584 ¬GRtakarR)ak;EdlkMNt;eday

c,ab; nig GRtakarR)ak;kñúgkic©snüa¦ xagelIenH )an EtminGackMNt;elIsBI GRtakarR)ak;EdlRtUv)ankRmit)aneLIy .

3-RbsinebIPaKI)ankMNt;GRtakarR)ak;elIsBIGRtakarR)ak;EdlRtUv)an

kRmit kic©snüaénPaKEdlelIsBIkRmiténGRtakarR)ak;enaH RtUvTukCaemaX³ rIÉ

Gñkx©ImankrNIykic©sgEtcMeBaHkar®)ak;EdlRtUv)anKNna tamGRtakarR)ak; EdlRtUv)ankRmitenaH Etb:ueNÑaH .

4-enAkñúgkrNIEdl)ansgkarR)ak;EdlelIsBIGRtakarR)ak;EdlRtUv )ankRmitehIy RtUvcat;TukfaPaKEdlelIsBIkarkRmitenaH Cakarkat;bMNul

eTAelIR)ak;edIm . enAkñúgkrNIEdl)ankat;bMNuleTAelIR)ak;edIm cMeBaHEpñk

EdlelIsBIkarkRmitehIy EtenAmanesssl;eTot Gñk[x©IRtUvsgeTA[Gñkx©I edayP¢ab;CamYy nUvR)ak;sMNgénkarxUcxat edayKNnatamGRtakarR)ak;Edl

kMNt;edayc,ab; edayKitcab;BIéf¶Edl)anbegáIt[mankaresssl;énkarsg

rhUtdl;éf¶Edl)ansgenaH . 5-cMeBaHkarGnuvtþmaRtaenH enAkñúgkrNIEdlcMnYnR)ak;edImelIkic©snüa

xusKñaBIcMnYnTwkR)ak;énvtßúEdlGñk[x©I)anRbKl;edayCak;Esþg dUcCakrNIén

48

karRbKl;R)ak;edImedaydkkarR)ak;EdlRtUvbg;naeBlGnaKt CaGaT× cMnYn

TwkR)ak;énvtßúEdlGñk[x©I)anRbKl;edayCak;EsþgeTA[Gñkx©IenaH RtUvTukCacMnYn

R)ak;edIm . 6-cMeBaHkarGnuvtþmaRtaenH R)ak; nig vtßúepSgeTot EdlGñk[x©I)anTTYl

eRkABIR)ak;edIm Tak;TgeTAnwgkic©snüax©IbriePaK eTaHbICa)anTTYlenAkñúgnamCa R)ak;rgVan; kéRmeCIgsar kéRmesIubGegát nig kéRmepSg²eTotk¾eday RtUvcat;Tuk

faCakarR)ak; . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy cMeBaHesah‘uyénkareFVI kic©snüa nig esah‘uyénkarsg .

¬kMNt;¦ tamRbvtþisa®sþ rhUtdl;sBVéf¶enH ]bsKÁénkar[x©IR)ak;edayykkarR)ak;x<s; ekIteLIgminecHdac;

esaH . ehtuenHehIy)anCaRbeTsCaeRcIn )anbegáItbBaØtþieFVIkarkRmitnUvkar[x©IR)ak;edayykkarR)ak;x<s; dUecñHRkmenHk¾manbBaØtþidUcKñaEdr .

edIm,I[rYcputBIkarGnuvtþénbBaØtþikRmitkarR)ak;enH eKeRcInEtkat;ykkarR)ak;Camun b¤ eKykCaesah‘uy b¤ ykedayeRbIeQ μaHRbePTkéRmepSg² . ehtuenHehIy kfaxNÐTI 5 nig kfaxNÐTI 6 enH RtUv)anbBaØtþeLIgedIm,IeFVIkarkRmitnUvGMeBIeCosvagc,ab;TaMgenH .

]TahrN_ kñúgkrNIEdlGRtakarR)ak;EdlRtUv)ankRmitenaHKW 20° kñúgmYyqñaM RbsinebI)aneFVIkic©snüa x©IbriePaKR)ak; 1 mWunerol edayKitkarR)ak;kñúgkic©snüa 30° kñúgmYyqñaM ehIyGñkx©I)anTTYl 7 Ban; eroleRkayBIRtUveKkat;ykkarR)ak;sRmab;;qñaMTImYy ehIyGñkx©I)anbg;karR)ak; 3 Ban;erolkñúgmYyqñaM Caerog ral;qñaM . RbsinebIemIleTAtamEbbbT edaysarEtkUnbMNul)anbg;EtkarR)ak; ehtuenHehIy R)ak;edIm 1 mWunerolenAsl;dEdl . b:uEnþ tamkarBit kUnbMNul)anTTYlEt 7 Ban;erolb:ueNÑaH dUecñHkarR)ak;én qñaMTImYyKW 20° = 1400 erol CakarR)ak;EdlmanGanuPaBRtwmRtUv . ehtuenHehIy 1600 erol Edl)anbg;elIs 1400 erol kñúgcMnYnR)ak;; 3000 erolenaH RtUvykmkkat;bMNulénR)ak;edIm edayeyageTAtamkfaxNÐTI 4 ehIyR)ak;edIménqñaMTI2 KW 7000 - 1600 = 5400 erol . rIÉkarR)ak;sRmab;;qñaMTI 2 EdlKNnatamkarR)ak;kRmit 20° enaH KW 5400 x 0/20 = 1080 erol dUecñH kñúgcMnYnR)ak; 3000 erolenaH cMnYnR)ak; 1920 erol Edl)anbg;elIskarR)ak;kRmitenAkñúgqñaMTI 2 enaH RtUvykmkeFVIkarkat;bMNulénR)ak;edIm . ehtuenHehIy R)ak;edImEdlenAsl;sRmab;qñaMTI 3 KW 5400-1920 = 3480 erol . dUecñH RtUvKNnaCabnþbnÞab; rhUtdl;sgR)ak;edImrYcral; ehIyR)ak;Edl)anbg;

49

eRkayR)ak;edImenAsl;sUnüenaH KWCaesckþIceRmIneday\tehtu dUecñH eyageTAtambBaØtþiénvaküxNÐTI 2 kfaxNÐTI 4 énmaRtaenH Gñk[x©IRtUvsgR)ak;enHeTAGñkx©Ivij edaybUkTaMgkarR)ak;kñúgGMLúgeBlénkar yWtya:vpg .

maRta 586>- eBlevlaénkarbg;karR)ak; nig karR)ak;smasEdlkMNt;eday

c,ab; 1-ebIK μankarkMNt;BiesseT karR)ak; RtUvbg;enAerogral;eBlEdleBl

evla 1 ¬mYy¦ qñaM )anknøgput Kitcab;BIeBlEdl)anRbKl;vtßúEdlCakm μvtßú .

b:uEnþ RbsinebIRtUvsgvtßúEdlCakm μvtúßenaH enAmuneBlEdleBlevla 1 ¬mYy¦ qñaM minTan;)anknøgput RtUvbg;karR)ak;enAeBlRbKl;vtßúEdlCakm μvtßúenaH .

2-kñúgkrNIEdlmankaryWty:avmin)ansgkarR)ak; sRmab;ry³eBlcab; BI 1 ¬mYy¦ qñaM eLIgeTA ehIyeTaHbICaGñk[x©I)andas;etOn[sgy:agNak¾eday

k¾Gñkx©IminRBmsgkarR)ak;enaH Gñk[x©IGacbUkkarR)ak;bBa©ÚleTAkñúgR)ak;edIm)an .

¬kMNt;¦ tamry³karbUkbBa©ÚlkarR)ak;eTAkñúgR)ak;edIm karR)ak;nwgRtUvKiteTAelIkarR)ak;CabnþeTot ¬enHeK

ehAfa {karR)ak;smas}¦ . ]TahrN_ karR)ak;RtUvbg;Caerogral;Ex EtRbsinebImin)anbg;eT eKnwgbUk bBa©ÚleTAkñúgR)ak;edImedaysV½yRbvtþi ehIykarbUkbBa©ÚleTAkñúgR)ak;edImkñúgry³eBld¾xøI CasarFatu nwgeFVI [karR)ak;ekInya:gelOn . dUecñHehIy RbsinCaKμankarRBmeRBogBiessrvagPaKIeT karR)ak;RtUvsgedayKit CaqñaM ehIyTTYlsÁal;[KitkarR)ak;smas EtkñúgkrNIEdlmankaryWtya:vkñúgkarbg;karR)ak;sRmab; GMLúgeBlcab;BImYyqñaM eLIgeTA ehIyGñkx©Imin)anbg; eTaHbICaRtUv)andas;etOnk¾eday . müa:geTot RbsinebImankic©RBmeRBogBiessedaybUkbBa©ÚlkarR)ak;eTAkñúgR)ak;edImeRcIndgkñúgmYyqñaM cMeBaHkarGnuvtþ maRta 585 RtUvKitemIlTMnak;TMngrvagkarR)ak;srubkñúgmYyqñaM nig R)ak;edIménqñaMenaH ehIyseRmcfa etIkarR)ak;subenaHelIskarR)ak;EdlRtUv)ankRmitkñúgmaRtaenaH b¤eT .

EpñkTI 3 krNIykic©[x©Irbs;Gñk[x©I

maRta 587>- krNIykic©[x©IvtßúEdlCakmμvtßú

50

1-Gñk[x©I mankrNIykic©[Gñkx©IeRbIR)as;vtßú edaysmRsbtamkic©snüa . 2-Gñkx©I GaceRbIR)as; GaRs½ypl nig cat;Ecgvtßú edayesrI)an ehIy

RtUvTTYlbnÞúkhaniP½y elIkar)at;bg; b¤ xUcxat cMeBaHvtßúEdlCakm μvtßú EdlekIt

eLIgedaysarmUlehtuEdlminEmnCabnÞúkrbs;Gñk[x©I kñúgnamCakm μsiT§ikr Kit

cab;BIéf¶Edl)anTTYlkarRbKl;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßú .

¬kMNt;¦ kic©snüax©IbriePaKxusKñanwgkic©snüax©IeRbI b¤ Ptisnüa EdlGñkx©ImankrNIykic©sgnUvvtßúdEdlEdl

xøÜn)anx©IenaH BIeRBaHkñúgkic©snüax©IbriePaK Gñkx©IEdlTTYlkarRbKl;nUvvtßúCMnYs ¬vtßúEdlGacRtUv)anCMnYs edayvtßúepSgEdlmanRbePT KuNPaB nig cMnYndUcKña¦ eFVIlT§km μnUvkm μsiT§iénvtßúenaH nig eRbIR)as; GaRs½ypl cat;EcgvtßúenaH edayesrI ehIysgeTA[Gñkx©Ivij nUvvtßúEdlmanRbePTdUcKña cMnYndUcKña .

maRtaenHbBaØtþ[Gñk[x©ImankrNIykic©[Gñkx©IeRbIR)as;vtßúEdlCakm μvtßúenaH kñúgGMLúgeBlkMNt;mYy ¬plRbeyaCn_esdækic©Edl)anmkBIkareRbIR)as;vtßúEdlCakm μvtßúenaH Gñk[x©IminGacTTYledayxøÜnÉg)aneT RtUv[Gñkx©ITTYlplRbeyaCn_enaHeTAvij¦ . CalT§plenH kic©snüax©IbriePaKedaymankarR)ak; køayeTACa kic©snüaGBaØmBaØEdlyktémøfñÚr ¬mUla¦ .

maRta 588>- karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFana rbs;Gñk[x©I kñúgkarRbKl;vtßúrbs; GñkdéT

1-enAkñúgkic©snüax©IbriePaKEdlmanP¢ab;karR)ak; Gñk[x©IEdl)anRbKl; vtßúEdlminsßitenAeRkamkm μsiT§irbs;xøÜn mankrNIykic©RtUveFVIlT§kmμnUvkm μsiT§ién

vtßúenaH ehIyepÞreTA[Gñkx©I b¤ RtUvbþÚrCamYynwgvtßúepSgeTotEdlsßitenAeRkam

km μsiT§irbs;xøÜn . b:uEnþ enAeRkayeBlEdlGñkx©I)anbriePaKvtßúenaHrYcehIy BMuGac

TamTar[RbKl;vtßúCMnYs)aneLIy . 2-RbsinebIGñk[x©I BMuGacGnuvtþkatBVkic©Edl)anbBaØtþkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1

xagelIenHeT Gñkx©IGacrMlaykic©snüa)an . 3-kñúgkrNIEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 nig TI 2 xagelIenH Rbsin

ebI)anTTYlkarRbKl;edayBMu)andwgfaGñk[x©IenaHK μansiTi§ Gñkx©IGacTamTar[

51

Gñk[x©IsgsMNgénkarxUcxat)an . 4-enAkñúgkic©snüax©IbriePaKedayK μankarR)ak;; bBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1 TI 2

nig TI 3 xagelIenH RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr cMeBaHEtkrNIEdlGñk[x©I)an

dwgfaxøÜnK μansiT§icat;EcgvtßúEdlCakm μvtßú ehIy)anRbKl;vtßúrbs;GñkdéTenaH edayBMu)anCUndMNwgeTA[Gñkx©I .

5-elIkElgEtkrNIEdl)anTTYlkarRbKl;vtßúCMnYs edayEp¥ktambBaØtþi énkfaxNÐTI 1 b¤ TI 4 xagelIenH RbsinebIGñkx©Ivtßúrbs;GñkdéT )ansgvtßúEdl

RtUv)anpþl; b¤ témøénvtßúenaH [eTAkm μsiT§ikr Gñkx©Ivtßúrbs;GñkdéTenaH RtUvrYcputBI krNIykic©sg cMeBaHGñk[x©I .

¬kMNt;¦ RbsinebIvtßúEdlGñk[x©IRbKl;eTA[Gñkx©I CakmμsiT§irbs;GñkepSg kic©snüax©IbriePaKminEmnkøayeTACa

emaX³eT b:uEnþ Gñk[x©ImankrNIykic©eFVI[Gñkx©IeFVIlT§kmμnUvkm μsiT§iénvtßúenaH b¤ RbKl;vtßúepSgCMnYsvtßúenaH cMeBaHGñkx©IenaH . RbsinebIGñk[x©IminGaceFVIdUecñaH)aneT Gñkx©IGacrMlaynUvkic©snüa)an eTaHbICaGñkx©IenaH sucritk¾eday b¤ Tuc©ritk¾eday . müa:geTot Gñkx©Isucrit GacTamTarnUvsMNgénkarxUcxatcMeBaHGñk[x©I)an ¬mincaM)ac;manehtuEdlnaM[Gñk[x©IRtUvTTYlxusRtUveT¦ . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlCakarx©IbriePaKeday\tman karR)ak; manEtGñk[x©ITuc©ritb:ueNÑaHeTEdlRtUvTTYlxusRtUv . müa:geTot cMeBaHrUbiyvtßúvij CaeKalkarN_ GñkEdlkan;kab;rUbiyvtßúenaH RtUv)ancat;TukfaCakmμsiT§ikr ehtuenHehIy maRtaenH nig maRtabnÞab; minRtUvykmkGnuvtþeT .

maRta 589>- siT§irMlayrbs;Gñk[x©IvtßúGñkdéT Gñk[x©IEdl)anRbKl;vtßúEdlCakm μvtßú edayBMudwgfaCavtßúrbs;GñkdéT

RbsinebIBMuGaceFVI[Gñkx©I)anlT§km μnUvkm μsiT§ielIvtßú b¤ vtßúCMnYseT GacrMlay

kic©snüa)an . b:uEnþ RbsinebIGñkx©Isucrit mansiT§iTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxat

edayEp¥ktambBaØtþiénmaRta 588 ¬karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFana rbs;Gñk[x©I kñúg

karRbKl;vtßúrbs;GñkdéT¦ xagelIenH luHRtaEtkñúgkrNIEdl)ansgsMNgén

karxUcxatenaH eTIbGacrMlaykic©snüa)an .

52

¬kMNt;¦ RbsinebIGñk[x©I)anRbKl;RsUv CaedIm edayyl;RcLMfaCarbs;xøÜneTA[Gñkx©I b:uEnþ minEmnCakm μsiT§i

rbs;xøÜneTenaH CadMbUg Gñk[x©ImankrNIykic©eFVI[Gñkx©IeFVIlT§kmμnUvkmμsiT§ielIvtßúenaH b¤ RbKl;vtßúepSgCMnYs vtßúenaHeTA[Gñkx©I . b:uEnþ RbsinebIminGaceFVI)aneT Gñk[x©IGacrMlaykic©snüaenaH)an luHRtaEtGñk[x©IenaH sucrit . müa:geTot cMeBaHkarx©IbriePaKedaymankarR)ak; RbsinebIGñkx©Isucrit Gñk[x©IRtUvsgnUvsMNgén karxUcxatcMeBaHGñkx©I edayeyagtambBaØtþiénmaRtamunenH .

maRta 590>- karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanarbs;Gñk[x©InUvvtßúEdlmanvikar³ 1-enAkñúgkic©snüax©IbriePaKEdlmanP¢ab;karR)ak; RbsinebImanvikar³kM)aMg

enAkñúgvtßúEdlGñk[x©I)anRbKl; Gñkx©IEdl)anTTYlkarRbKl;edaymin)andwg

GMBIvikar³enaH GacTamTar[bþÚrCamYynwgvtßúEdlKμanvikar³ nig GacTamTarsMNg

énkarxUcxat)an . 2-enAkñúgkic©snüax©IbriePaKEdlKμankarR)ak; Gñkx©IEdl)anTTYlkarRbKl;

vtßúEdlmanvikar³ GacsgtémøénvtßúEdlmanvikar³)an . b:uEnþ bBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1

xagelIenH RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr cMeBaHkrNIEdlGñk[x©I)an dwgGMBI vikar³enaHehIy EtBMu)anCUndMNwgeTA[Gñkx©I .

¬kMNt;¦ kñúgkrNIEdlGñk[x©Iénkic©snüax©IbriePaKEdlP¢ab;karR)ak; )anRbKl;RsUv CaGaT× dl;Gñkx©I b:uEnþ

RsUvenaHmanCm¶W Gñkx©IEdl)anTTYlRsUvenaH edaymin)andwgfa RsUvenaHmanCm¶W GacTamTar[Gñk[x©IbþÚr RsUvl¥EdlKμanCm¶W[xøÜnvij)an ehIyGacTamTarnUvsMNgénkarxUcxat edaysarkarqøgCm¶Wdl;RsUvEdl Gñkx©Iman edaysarRsUvEdlmanCm¶WenaH CaGaT× )an .

Gñkx©IRsUv CaGaT× edayKμankarR)ak; minGacTamTar[Gñk[x©IbþÚrnUvRsUvl¥vij b¤ minGacTamTar[Gñk [x©IsgnUvsMNgénkarxUcxat)aneLIy eTaHbICaRsUvenaHmanvikar³k¾eday . kñúgkrNIenH tamtkása®sþ Gñkx©IRtUvsgnUvRsUvEdlmanvikar³dUcKñavij b:uEnþ enHminRsbnwgPaBCak;EsþgeT ehtuenHehIy maRtaenH Ecgfa Gñkx©IGac[sgCaR)ak;es μ InwgtémøRsUvEdlmanvikar³eTAvij)an . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlGñk[x©Idwgfa manvikar³ ehIy)anlak;cMeBaHGñkx©I Gñk[x©IRtUvsgnUvsMNgénkarxUcxatEdlGñkx©I)anTTYlrgeRKaHedaysar vikar³enaH .

53

EpñkTI 4 krNIykic©sgrbs;Gñkx©I

maRta 591>- krNIykic©RtUvsgR)ak;edIm nig bg;karR)ak;rbs;Gñkx©I 1-Gñkx©I mankrNIykic©RtUvsgeTAGñk[x©I nUvvtßúEdlmanRbePT KuNPaB

nig cMnYn esμIKñanwgvtßúEdl)anTTYlkarRbKl; enAéf¶EdlRtUvsg . 2-Gñkx©Iénkic©snüax©IbriePaKEdlmanP¢ab;karR)ak; RtUvbg;karR)ak; tam

bBaØtþiBImaRta 584 ¬GRtakarR)ak;EdlkMNt;edayc,ab; nig GRtakarR)ak;kñúg

kic©snüa¦ dl;maRta 586 ¬eBlevlaénkarbg;karR)ak; nig karR)ak;smasEdl

kMNt;edayc,ab;¦ énRkmenH .

¬kMNt;¦ ]TahrN_ GñkEdl)anx©IGgárEdlmanKuNPaBl¥ 10 KILÚ kñúgry³eBlmYyqñaM edaymanGRtakarR)ak;kñúg

kic©snüa 10° GacbriePaKGgárenaHedayesrI)an b:uEnþ mYyqñaMeRkaymk RtUvsgGgárEdlmanKuNPaBdUcKña cMnYn 11 KILÚ eTAGñk[x©Ivij . RbsinebIGgárEdlsgedayGñkx©I manKuNPaBminl¥ b¤ manTm¶n;Et 10 KILÚ Gñk[x©IGacbdiesFminTTYlnUvkarsgenaHedayykmUlehtufa sMeNIpþl;karsgenaH minRsbtamxøwmsar énkatBVkic©)an ehIyGacTamTar[Gñkx©ITTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkarmin)anGnuvtþrbs;Gñkx©I)an .

maRta 592>- karsgedayeyaltamtémø 1-RbsinebIBMuGacsgedayEp¥ktambBaØtþiénmaRta 591 ¬krNIykic©RtUv

sgR)ak;edIm nig bg;karR)ak;rbs;Gñkx©I¦ xagelI)aneT Gñkx©ImankrNIykic©RtUv bg;®)ak;EdlsmrmünwgtémøénvtßúEdlCakmμvtßú enATIkEnøg nig éf¶EdlRtUvsg .

2-kñúgkrNIEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH RbsinebIBMu)an

kMNt;éf¶ b¤ TIkEnøgEdlRtUvsgeT RtUvcat;TukfaRtUvbg;cMnYnR)ak;;Edlsmrmü nwgtémøenaH enAéf¶ nig TIkEnøgEdl)aneFVIkic©snüa .

¬kMNt;¦ ]TahrN_ kñúgkrNIEdl)aneFVIkic©snüax©IbriePaKfñaMsmøab;stVl¥itsRmab;ksikmμcMnYn 50 KILÚ ehIy

eRkayBI)anRbKl;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúenaH rhUtdl;kalbriecäTEdlRtUvsgtamkic©snüavij plitkmμ nig

54

karlk;fñaMsmøab;stVl¥itenaH RtUv)anhamXat; . kñúgkrNIenH Gñkx©IminGacsgfñaMsmøab;stVl¥itEdlman RbePTdUcKña)aneT ehtuenHehIy edayeyagtammaRtaenH Gñkx©IGacsgCaR)ak;Edles μ InwgtémøfñaMenaH)an .

maRta 593>- karERbRbYléntémørUbiyvtßú CaGaT× eTaHbICatémørUbiyvtßú b¤ témøénvtßú mankarERbRbYl enAmuneBlsgk¾eday

elIkElgEtkñúgkrNIEdlmankarRBmeRBogBiess Gñkx©IRtUvsgnUvcMnYnTwkR)ak; dUcKñanwgcMnYnTwkR)ak;EdlTTYl)anBIkarRbKl; .

¬kMNt;¦ ]TahrN_ eRkayBI[x©I 1 mWunerol dl;eBlEdlRtUvsgvij eTaHbICatémørUbiyvtßúenaH)ancuHk¾eday Gñkx©I

RKan;EtsgCaTwkR)ak;cMnYn 1 mWunerol RKb;RKan;ehIy ¬eKalkarN_namkrN_¦ . RbsinebIcg;TTYlnUvtémø sarFatu caM)ac;RtUveFVIkarsnüaBiess edayKitR)ak;EdlRtUvsgeTAtamkarpøas;bþÚréntémørUbiyvtßú témømas témøTMnij CaGaT× . kñúgkrNIEdl)anTTYllT§plmYyEdlmanGsmPaBya:gxøaMgedaysarEtkareKarBnUv eKalkarN_namkrN_enH eKGacEkERbvij eTAtameKalkarN_TUeTAdUcCa {eKalkarN_énkarpøas;bþÚrsßanPaB} CaGaT× )an .

maRta 594>- eBlevlaénkarsg 1-RbsinebIPaKI)ankMNt;kalbriecäTénkarsg Gñk[x©IminGacTamTar[

sgvtßúEdlCakm μvtßú)aneLIy rhUtdl;eBlkMNt;RtUvsg tamkalbriecäTénkic© snüa . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy cMeBaHkrNIEdlehtuEdl)an

kMNt;enAkñúgmaRta 331 ¬kar)at;bg;plRbeyaCn_énkarkMNt;eBl¦ énRkm enH )anekIteLIg .

2-RbsinebIPaKImin)ankMNt;kalbriecäTénkarsgeT Gñk[x©IGacdas; etOn[sg edaykMNt;GMLúgeBlsmrmü)an .

3-Gñkx©Iénkic©snüax©IbriePaKedayK μankarR)ak; GacsgenAeBlNak¾)an . 4-Gñkx©Iénkic©snüax©IbriePaKEdlmankarR)ak; GacsgenAmunkalbriecäT

sgEdl)ankMNt;edaykic©snüa)an . b:uEnþ enAkñúgkrNIEdleFVI[mankarxUc

55

xatdl;Gñk[x©IedaysarkarsgenaH Gñkx©IRtUvsgsMNgénkarxUcxat edayEp¥k

tambBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRta 330 ¬RbeyaCn_énkarkMNt;eBl¦ énRkm

enH .

¬kMNt;¦ kfaxNÐTI 1 nig kfaxNÐTI 3 RKan;EtEcgfa eKalkarN_TUeTAéneBlsgkatBVkic© RtUvykmkGnuvtþ

cMeBaHkarx©IbriePaKb:ueNÑaH ¬sUmemIlmaRta 329 dl;maRta 331 nig maRta 391¦ . cMeBaHkatBVkic©Edl\tmankMNt;eBlevlasgvij CaeKalkarN_ enAeBlEdlm©as;bMNuldas;etOn

eBlEdlRtUvsgbMNulmkdl; ¬maRta 388 cMNuc K¦ b:uEnþ RbsinebIykeKalkarN_enHmkGnuvtþ cMeBaHkarx©IbriePaK eBlNak¾Gñkx©IRtUveRtomsgvijEdr ehIykarx©IbriePaKkøayeTACaK μann½yeTAvij ehtuenH ehIy)anCakfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenHbBaØtþfa eRkayGMLúgeBlsmrmümYy)anknøgputBIeBldas;etOnsg eTIbdl;eBlRtUvsg ¬kñúg }GMLúgeBlsmrmü} enaH Gñkx©IGaceRtomedIm,Isg)an¦ .

cMeBaHkic©snüax©IbriePaKEdlmankarR)ak; karsgmuneBlkMNt; nwgeFVI[xUcplRbeyaCn_dl;karTTYl karR)ak;rbs;Gñk[x©I ehtuenHehIy)anCamancm¶l;mYyekIteLIgfa RbEhlCaGñkx©IKμanesrIPaBkñúgkare)aHbg; ecalnUvplRbeyaCn_énkarkMNt;eBleT ehtudUecñH kfaxNÐTI 4 EcgbBa¢ak;fa Gñkx©IGace)aHbg;ecalnUv plRbeyaCn_énkarkMNt;eBl)an ¬Gñk[x©IminGacTamTar[sgmuneBlkMNt;)aneT¦ . kñúgkrNIenH Gñkx©I mankrNIykic©RtUvsgnUvkarxUcxatrbs;Gñk[x©I edayRsbtamkfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRta 330 . GVIeTAEdlCa {karxUcxat} enH GaRs½yeTAelIkarbkRsay . enARbeTsCb:un karR)ak;KWCatémøfñÚrénkareRbIR)ak;edIm ¬témøfñÚrnwgehtuEdlGñk[x©IminGaceRbIR)ak;edImrbs;xøÜn¦ ehIyGñk[x©IGaceRbIR)ak;edImrbs;xøÜn bnÞab;BIeBl Edl)anTTYlkarsgmuneBlkMNt; ehtuenHehIy)anCaPaKeRcInbkRsayfa karR)ak;EdlnwgekIteLIgBI éf¶sg rhUtdl;éf¶kMNt;sgkñúgkic©snüa minEmnCakarxUcxateT . dUecñH {karxUcxat} EdlmanenAkñúgenH mandUcCaesah‘uyEdlekIteLIgedIm,ITTYlnUvkarsgmuneBlkMNt;enaH EdlRtUv)anbEnßmBIesah‘uyTTYlkar sgenAeBlkMNt; ¬]TahrN_ esah‘uyedIm,IKNnakarR)ak;sarCafμ I esah‘uybEnßmedIm,IrkSaTuknUvvtßúEdl Cakmμvtßú edaysar)anTTYlkarsgmuneBlkMNt; CaGaT×¦ .

maRta 595>- TIkEnøgénkarsg RbsinebIBMumankarRBmeRBogrvagPaKI GMBITIIkEnøgénkarsgeT Gñkx©IRtUvyk

vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúenaH eTAsg enAlMenAzanrbs;Gñk[x©I .

56

¬kMNt;¦ eyageTAtameKalkarN_TUeTAénc,ab;katBVkic© TIkEnøgénkarsg KWlMenAzanrbs;m©as;bMNul . b:uEnþ

PaKImanesrIPaBkñúgkarkMNt;nUvTIkEnøgénkarsgepSgBIenH .

CMBUkTI 5 Ptisnüa

EpñkTI 1 bTb,BaØtþiTUeTA

maRta 596>- niymn½yénPtisnüa 1-Ptisnüa sMedAeTAelIkic©snüamYy EdlPaKImçag [PaKImçageToteRbI

R)as; nig GaRs½ypl BIvtßúNamYy edayykéfø . 2-vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénPtisnüa manclnvtßú nig Gclnvtßú .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHbBaØtþGMBIniymn½yénPtisnüa . enAkñúgmaRta 1101 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa nig

Rkmrdæb,evNIepSgeTotEdlykRkmrdæb,evNI)araMgmkeFVICaKMrU EcgGMBIkarCYlvtßú ehIyeRkABIenH EcgGMBI karCYlBlkm μ b¤ karCYlR)ak;pgEdr k¾b:uEnþ enAkñúgCMBUkenH EcgEtGMBIkarCYlvtßúb:ueNÑaH .

CaeKalkarN_ CMBUkenHEcgGMBIvin½yEdlRtUvGnuvtþCaTUeTA cMeBaHvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénPtisnüa edaymin EbgEckclnvtßú nig GclnvtßúeT . k¾b:uEnþ cMeBaHbBaØtþiBiesssRmab;Gclnvtßúvij mankarbBa¢ak;c,as;las; fa bBaØtþienaHCabBaØtþiBiessGMBIGclnvvtßú . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 1099/ maRta 1100 nig maRta 1101 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa

maRta 597>- karbegáItPtisnüa Ptisnüa RtUvmanGanuPaB edayPaKImçag snüafa[PaKImçageToteRbIR)as;

nig GaRs½ypl BIvtßúNamYy cMENkÉPaKImçageTot snüafabg;éføQñÜlcMeBaH vtßúenaH .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIl½kçx½NÐbegáItPtisnüa . PtisnüaKWCa kic©snüaGBaØmBaØ ehIyCakic©snüaEdlmantémø

57

fñÚr ¬kic©snüamUla¦ RBmTaMgCakic©snüaEdlRtUv)anbegáItedaykic©RBmeRBogEtb:ueNÑaH . caM)ac;RtUvkMNt; témøQñÜl . eTaHbICaBMu)ankMNt;GMLúgeBlCYlk¾eday k¾PtisnüaenHmansuBlPaBEdr . kñúgkrNIenH eyagtammaRta 615 énRkmenH PaKInImYy²GacesñIsMu[rMlayPtisnüaeBlNak¾)anEdr ehIybnÞab;BI GMLúgeBlkMNt;mYy )anknøgputeRkaykaresñIsMuenH PtisnüanwgRtUv)anbBa©b; . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 598>- l½kçx½NÐttaMgénsiT§iCYlGclnvtßú 1-edayeyagtamlT§km μénkarkan;kab; nig kareRbIR)as;nigGaRs½ypl

CabnþbnÞab; nUvvtßúCYl Ptik³énPtisnüaGclnvtßú GacttaMgcMeBaHCnEdl)an

eFVIlT§km μnUvsiT§iRbtükSelIGclnvtßú enAeRkayeBlEdlPtik³)anTTYlkarkan; kab; )an .

2-Ptik³EdlkMBugEtkan;kab;vtßúCYl GacGnuvtþsiT§iTamTar[RbKl;vij

siT§iTamTar[bBaÄb;karraraMg nig siT§iTamTar[bgáarCamunnUvkarraraMg cMeBaHkar bMBansiT§iCYl dUcsiT§iEdlkm μsiT§krman .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgfa PtisnüaGclnvtßú GacttaMgcMeBaHttiyCn)an edaykarkan;kab; RBmTaMgkareRbIR)as;

nigkarGaRs½yplCabnþbnÞab; ehIyGacGnuvtþsiT§iTamTaredayEp¥kelIsiT§iRbtükS)an cMeBaHttiyCnEdl bMBansiT§iCYl .

siT§iCYlGclnvtßúCasiT§ielIbMNul elIkElgEtsiT§iCYlGcié®nþy_ dUecñHehIy kñúgkrNIEdlttiyCn)aneFVI lT§km μnUvkm μsiT§ielIGclnvtßú eRkayeBleFVIPtisnüa CaeKalkarN_ Ptik³BMuGacGHGagnUvGanuPaBénsiT§iCYl cMeBaHttiyCnenaH)aneLIy . k¾b:uEnþ edaysarEtsiT§iCYlGclnvtßú manTMnak;TMngya:gxøaMgeTAnwgCIvPaB rs;enArbs;Ptik³ ehtuenHehIy)anCakfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRtaenHEcgfa RbsinCaPtik³)aneFVIlT§kmμnUv karkan;kab;Cak;EsþgnUvGclnvtßúenaH Ptik³enaHRtUv)ankarBar . kñúgkrNIEdlPtik³)anTTYlnUvkarRbKl; edaykarbþÚrlkçN³énkarkan;kab;6 EtBMueRbInigGaRs½yplCak;EsþgeT BMucaM)ac;karBar[)anxøaMgeT dUecñHehIy

6 sUmemIlkfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRta 229 .

58

kñúgkrNIenH BMuGacGnuvtþmaRtaenH)aneLIy . maRta 605 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un TTYlsÁal;nUvGanuPaBttaMgcMeBaHttiyCn EtkñúgkrNIEdl)ancuH

bBa¢InUvsiT§iCYlenaHb:ueNÑaH ehtudUecñH maRtaenHkarBarPtik³énGclnvtßúenaHya:gxøaMgCagRkmrdæb,evNICb:un . kfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenHRtUv)anEcgeLIgedayQrelITsSn³mYyrbs;bNÐitsPac,ab;énRbeTsCb:un .

kñúgkrNIEdlmanttiyCnbMBanCak;Esþg b¤ eRtomnwgbMBansiT§irbs;xøÜn m©as;siT§iPtisnüaGclnvtßúEdl RtUv)anTTYlsÁal;nUvGanuPaBttaMgedayEp¥kelIkarkan;kab;Cak;Esþg GacTamTar[bBaÄb; b¤ bgáarnUvkarbMBan enaH)an . enHKWmann½yfa TTYlsÁal;nUvsiT§iTamTaredayEp¥kelIsiT§iRbtükS cMeBaHsiT§iCYlEdlmanGanuPaB ttaMg .

eyagtambBaØtþiénmaRta 244 énRkmenH siT§iCYlry³eBlEvg EdlmankarkMNt;ry³eBlcab;BI 15 qñaM eLIgeTA RtUckøayeTACasiT§iCYlGcié®nþy_ EdlCasiT§iRbtükS . siT§iCYlGcié®nþy_ KWCasiT§iRbtükS ehtuenHehIyGñkCYlGcié®nþy_Gaccat;Ecg)an dUcCakareFVIGnub,TansiT§iCYlGcié®nþy_ b¤ karbegáIthIub:UEtk elIsiT§iCYlGcié®nþy_enaH CaGaT× edaymincaM)ac;mankaryl;RBmBIkm μsiT§ikrénGclnvtßúenaHeT . pÞúyeTAvij cMeBaHsiT§iCYlGclnvtßúEdlminEmnCasiT§iCYlGcié®nþy_ maRtaenHTTYlsÁal;GanuPaBdUcKñanwgkrNIénsiT§i RbtükS cMeBaHGanuPaBttaMg nig siT§iTamTaredayEp¥kelIsiT§iRbtükSEtb:ueNÑaH ehIyminTTYlsÁal;rhUtdl; siT§icat;EcgénsiT§iCYlGclnvtßú edayBMumankaryl;RBmBIPtibtIeLIy . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

cMeBaHkfaxNÐTI 1 sUmemIlmaRta 605 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un .

maRta 599>- GMLúgeBlEdlPtisnüamanGtßiPaB 1-Ptisnüa GaceFVIeLIgedaykMNt; b¤ minkMNt;GMLúgeBl)an . 2-PtisnüaGclnvtßú Edlmin)aneFVICalayl½kçN_GkSr RtUvcat;Tukfa

CaPtisnüaEdlK μankMNt;GMLúgeBl . 3-PtisnüaGclnvtßúEdlmankMNt;GMLúgeBlcab;BI 15 ¬db;R)aM¦ qñaM

eLIgeTA RtUvGnuelamtambBaØtþicab;BImaRta 244 ¬niymn½yénsiT§iCYlGcié®nþy_¦ eTA énRkmenH .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIGMLúgeBlEdlPtisnüamanGtßiPaB . GMLúgeBlenH GackMNt;k¾)an minkMNt;k¾)an .

59

kñúgkrNIEdlmin)ankMNt;GMLúgeBlenHeT PaKInImYy²GacesñIsMurMlayPtisnüa edayeyagtammaRta 615 ehIyGacbBaÄb;Pkisnüa eRkayeBlkMNt;mYy)anknøgputeTA)an .

eTaHbICaPtisnüaGclnvtßúk¾eday k¾mincaM)ac;eFVICalixityfaPUtk¾)anEdr . müa:geTot mincaM)ac;eFVICa layl½kçN_GkSrk¾)anEdr . mann½yfa PtisnüaGclnvtßúEdl)aneFVIeLIgedaypÞal;mat;k¾mansuBlPaB Edr . k¾b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlmin)aneFVICalayl½kçN_GkSreT eyagtamkfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenH PtisnüaenH RtUv)ancat;TukfaCaPtisnüaEdlBMu)ankMNt;GMLúgeBl dUecñH PaKInImYy²GacesñIsMurMlayPtisnüa eday eyagtammaRta 612 énRkmenH)an ehIysiT§irbs;Ptik³ rvagPaKIénPtisnüaenH manPaBexSayNas; . eTaHCakñúgkrNIenHk¾eday Ptik³EdlkMBugkan;kab; ehIyeRbIR)as;nigGaRs½yplGclnvtßúenaH GacttaMg siT§iCYlenHcMeBaHttiyCn)an müa:geTot EfmTaMgGacGnuvtþsiT§iTamTaredayEp¥kelIsiT§iRbtükS)an cMeBaH karbMBanrbs;ttiyCn .

kfaxNÐTI 3 énmaRtaenH Ecgfa bBaØtþicab;BImaRta 244 eTA kñúgRkmenH RtUvykmkGnuvtþcMeBaH siT§iPtisnüaEdlmankMNt;GMLúgeBlcab;BI 15 qñaMeLIgeTA . kfaxNÐTI 3 enHKWCabBaØtþiEdlman eKalKMnitdUc maRta 244 énRkmenHEdr .

müa:geTot maRta 604 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:unEcgfa GMLúgeBlénPtisnüaNaEdl)ankMNt;eBlelIs 20 qñaM RtUvbRgYjmkenARtwmEt 20 qñaM . tamkfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRta 106 énc,ab;PUmi)alkm<úCa karCYlGclnvtßúman 3 RbePT KW karCYlry³eBlminkMNt; karCYlry³eBlEvg 15 qñaM b¤ elIs nig karCYlry³eBlxøI eRkam 15 qñaM EtBMumankarkMNt;GMLúgeBlGtibrimaeT . maRta 1105 énRkmrdæb,evNI cas;rbs;km<úCa ¬eFVIviesaFnkm μenAqñaM 1957¦ minTTYlsÁal;nUvPtisnüaEdlminmankMNt;GMLúgeBleT ehIykñúgkrNIEdl)aneFVIPtisnüaedayK μankarkMNt;GMLúgeBl RtUvsnñidæanfaCaPtisnüaEdlmanGMLúgeBl 3 qñaM . elIsBIenH BMuGaceFVIPtisnüaedaykMNt;GMLúgeBlelIs 99 qñaM)aneLIy . kfaxNÐTI 1 maRta 1106 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa ¬viesaFnkm μenAqñaM 1957¦ fa PtisnüaEdlCYlelIsBIkMNt; 1 qñaMeLIgeTA RtUveFVICalayl½kçN_GkSrdrab ehIyPtisnüaGclnvtßúEdlkMNt;ry³eBlelIsBI 3 qñaM RtUveFVICalixitbBa¢ak; b¤ eFVIenAmnÞIsarkarI . müa:geTot edIm,IcuHbBa¢I RtUvmanlixityfaPUt ehIyRbsinebI cuHbBa¢IeTA nwgGacttaMgcMeBaHttiyCn)an . kfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 109 énc,ab;PUmi)alkm<úCa TamTar[eFVI Calayl½kçN_GkSr ehIykñúgkrNIEdlBMumansresrCalayl½kçN_GkSrnUvl½kçx½NÐénkic©snüaeT RtUvcat;Tuk faCaPtisnüaEdlBMumankarkMNt;GMLúgeBl ehIyGacbBaÄb;PtisnüaenH edayCUndMNwgCamun kñúgry³eBl esμ Inwgry³eBlbg;R)ak;QñÜl . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

60

maRta 1105/ maRta 1106/ maRta 1107 nig maRta 1141 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ kfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 106 énc,ab;PUmi)alkm<úCa/ maRta 604 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un

EpñkTI 2 GanuPaBénPtisnüa

maRta 600>- siT§i nig krNIykic©énkareRbIR)as; nig GaRs½ypl Ep¥ktamviFI eRbIR)as; rbs;Ptik³

1-Ptik³ mansiT§i nig krNIykic© elIkareRbIR)as; nig GaRs½ypl

elIvtßúCYl edayEp¥keTAtamviFIeRbIR)as; EdlRtUv)ankMNt;enAkñúgkic©snüa b¤ tamlkçN³énvtßúCYlenaH .

2-ebIPtik³ )aneFVIxusnwgkrNIykic©énbBaØtþikfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH PtibtIGacrMlaykic©snüaenaH)an .

3-PtibtI minRtUveFVI[raMgsÞHkñúgkareRbIR)as; nig GaRs½ypl EdlPtik³ eFVIedayEp¥ktamviFIeRbIR)as;eLIy .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgfa Ptik³mansiT§ieRbIR)as; nig GaRs½yplelIvtßúCYl edayEp¥ktamviFIeRbIR)as; ehIyman

krNIykic©dUcenHEdr . PtibtIminRtUvraraMgnUvkareRbIR)as; nig GaRs½yplrbs;Ptik³ EdleFVItamtamviFIeRbI R)as;enHeT .

kfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenHEcgGMBIsiT§irMlaykic©snüarbs;PtibtI kñúgkrNIEdlmankarbMBankrNIykic© kñúgkareRbIR)as; nig GRs½ypltamviFIeRbIR)as; k¾b:uEnþ eTaHbIICaK μanbBaØtþienHk¾eday k¾siT§irMlaykic©snüaenH RtUv)anTTYlsÁal; edayeyagtambBaØtþiTUeTAénkarminGnuvtþkatBVkic© nig karbMBankic©snüaEdr . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

cMeBaHkfaxNÐTI 1 sUmemIl maRta 616/ kfaxNÐTI 1 maRta 594 Rkmrdæb,evNICb:un nig maRta 1116 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa . cMeBaHkfaxNÐTI 3 sUmemIlmaRta 112 énc,ab;PUmi)alkm<úCa .

maRta 601>- krNIykic©RbugRby½tñkñúgkarRKb;RKgedaysucrit rbs;Ptik³ 1-Ptik³ mankrNIykic©RKb;RKgvtßúCYl edayRbugRby½tñ kñúgnamCaGñk

61

RKb;RKgedaysucrit . 2-ebIPtik³ )aneFVIxusnwgkrNIykic©énbBaØtþikfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH

PtibtIGacrMlaykic©snüaenaH)an .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIkrNIykic©rbs;Ptik³ kñúgkarRKb;RKgvtßúCYl kñúgnamCaGñkRKb;RKgedaysucrit . kñúgRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa manEcgGMBIkrNIykic©sgnUvsMNgénkarxUcxat kñúgkrNIEdlman

kar)at;bg; b¤ xUcxat kñúgmaRta 1118 sþIBIGclnvtßú kñúgmaRta 1142 sþIBIstV kñúgmaRta 1143 sþIBIsMeBA sM)a:n TUkkþar nig kñúgmaRta 1144 sþIBIreTHsaLI sareBIeRKÓgRbdab;eFVIksiikm μ b¤ ]sSahkm μ .

kfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenH EcgGMBIsiT§irMlaykic©snüarbs;PtibtI kñúgkrNIEdlmankarbMBankrNIykic© RbugRby½tñkñúgkarRKb;RKgedaysucrit k¾b:uEnþ eTaHBICaK μanbBaØtþienHk¾eday k¾siT§irMlaykic©snüa RtUv)anTTYlsÁal; edayeyagtambBaØtþiTUeTAénkarminGnuvtþkatBVkic© nig karbMBankic©snüaEdr . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 400 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1118/ maRta 1142/ maRta 1143 nig maRta 1144 én Rkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa

maRta 602>- krNIykic©CYsCulrbs;PtibtI PtibtI mankrNIykic©eFVIkarCYsCulEdlcaM)ac; sRmab;kareRbIR)as; nig

GaRs½ypl énvtßúCYlenaH .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIkrNIykic©CYsCulvtßúCYlrbs;PtibtI . {mankrNIykic©CYsCul} mann½yfa PtibtIRtUv

TTYlbnÞúknUvesah‘uyCYsCulEdlcaM)ac;edIm,IeRbIR)as; nig GaRs½yplelIvtßúCYl edayEp¥keTAtamviFI eRbIR)as; EdlRtUv)ankMNt;enAkñúgkic©snüa b¤ tamlkçN³énvtßúCYlenaH . müa:geTot maRta 111 énc,ab;PUmi)alkm<úCaEcgfa karEfTaMFm μtaénGclnvtßú KWCakarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;Ptik³ ehIymaRtaenHGac RtUv)anyl;eXIjfa esah‘uysRmab;karCYsCulcaM)ac;Fmμta ¬BaküeBcn_kñúgc,ab;PUmi)al KW esah‘uysRmab; kar {EfTaM}¦ KWCabnÞúkrbs;Ptik³ .

Cakarc,as;Nas;ehIyEdlfa PaKIGaceFVIkarsnüaBIessGMBIkrNIykic©CYsCul b¤ bnÞúkénesah‘uy CYsCul edayxusBIRkmrdæb,evNIk¾)anEdr .

62

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ kfaxNÐTI 1 maRta 606 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1720 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 1111

nig maRta 1112 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa .

maRta 603>- skm μPaBEfrkSarbs;PtibtI 1-ebIPtibtI manbMNgcg;Gnuvtþskm μPaBEdlcaM)ac;kñúgkarEfrkSavtßúCYl

Ptik³minGacbdiesF)aneLIy . 2-kñúgkrNIEdlPtibtImanbMNgcg;GnuvtþskmμPaBEdlcaM)ac;kñúgkarEf

rkSavtßúCYl pÞúyBIqnÞ³rbs;Ptik³ RbsinebIehtuenaH bNþal[Ptik³BMuGacseRmc

eKalbMNgénkarCYleT Ptik³GacTamTar[bnßyéføQñÜl b¤ GacrMlaykic© snüa)an .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgfa PtibtIGaceFVIskmμPaBcaM)ac;edIm,IEfrkSavtßúCYl dUcCakarCYsCulvtßúCYl CaGaT× .

Ptik³minGacbdiesFnwgskmμPaBenH)aneLIy k¾b:uEnþ ]TahrN_ kñúgkrNIEdlkarCYsCulGaKarb‘ulDij TaMgRsug RtUveRbIeBlevlaeRcIn ehIyPtik³minGacseRmcnUveKaledAénPtisnüa Ptik³GacrMlayPtisnüa edayeyagtamkfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenH)an . kar {rMlay} EdlmankñúgenH mann½yfaCakar {CUndMNwg rMlaykic©snüa} 7 . kñúgkrNIEdleKaledAénkic©snüaminEmnRtUv)anraraMgTaMgRsugeT b:uEnþ eKaledAEdl manBIdMbUgRtUv)anraraMgmYyPaK ehIytémøénkareRbIR)as;vtßúCYlsRmab;Ptik³RtUv)ancuHfy eBlenaHPtik³ GacGnuvtþsiT§iTamTar[cuHbnßyéføQñÜlk¾)anEdr . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

kfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 606 nig maRta 607 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1724 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 1113 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa

maRta 604>- siT§iTamTar[sgvij nUvesah‘uyrbs;Ptik³ 1-ebIPtik³)ancMNayesah‘uycaM)ac; EdlRtUvCabnÞúkrbs;PtibtI cMeBaH

7 cMeBaH {karCUndMNwgrMlaykic©snüa} sUmemIlesckIkMNt;énmaRta 617 .

63

vtßúCYl Ptik³GacTamTarsMNgenaH BIPtibtI CabnÞan;)an . 2-ebIPtik³)ancMNayesah‘uyedIm,IEklMGvtßúCYl b¤ cMNayepSgeTot

edIm,IbegáIntémø luHRtaEtenAkñúgkrNIEdlkRmiténkMeNIntémøenaHenAEtman na eBlbBa©b;PtisnüaEtb:ueNÑaHeT eTIbPtik³GacTamTarcMeBaHPtibtI [sgvijnUv R)ak;Edl)ancMNay b¤ témøR)ak;EdlekInenaH edayEp¥ktamkareRCIserIsrbs; PtibtI)an . b:uEnþ tulakarGacGnuBaØat edaykMNt;GMLúgeBlsmrmü [sgvij

eyaltamkarTamTarrbs;PtibtI)an .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIsiT§iTamTar[PtibtIsgvijnUvesah‘uy kñúgkrNIEdlPtik³)anecjesah‘uyCYsCulvtßú

CYl b¤ kñúgkrNIEdl)anecjesah‘uysRmab;EklMGvtßúCYl . CaeKalkarN_ PtibtIRtUvTTYlbnÞúkesah‘uycaM)ac;sRmab;Ef;rkSavtßúCYl dUcCaesah‘uyCYsCul CaGaT×

¬RtUvehAfa {esah‘uycaM)ac;}¦ edayeyagtammaRta 602 énRkmenH ehIykñúgkrNIEdlPtik³)anecj CMnYssinenaH Ptik³GacTamTar[PtibtIsgesah‘uyenaHmkvij)an .

kñúgkrNIEdlminEmnCakarcaM)ac;edIm,IEfrkSaeT k¾b:uEnþ RbsinebIvtßúCYlRtUv)anEklMG nig begáIntémø Ptik³Gac[PtibtIsgvijnUvesah‘uyEdlPtik³)ancMNayBitR)akd b¤ cMnYnTwkR)ak;éntémøEdlRtUv)anbegáIn tamkareRCIserIsrbs;PtibtI)an . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 605>- karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;PtibtI cMeBaHvikar³énvtßúCYl 1-RbsinebIPtik³min)anBinitüsßanPaBénvtßúEdlCakm μvtßúénPtisnüafa

RtwmRtUvtamsßanPaBEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúglixitkic©snüa enAeBlTTYlkarRbKl; vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúenaH Ptik³minGacTamTar[PtibtI TTYlxusRtUv)aneLIy cMeBaH PaBxusBIsßanPaBEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúglixitkic©snüaEdlxøÜnGacdwgedaygay

RsYlebIBinitü . 2-enAkñúgkrNIEdlvtßúCYlmanvikar³kM)aMg ebIPtik³min)andwgGMBIvikar³

enaHeT Ptik³GacTamTar[CYsCulvikar³enaH b¤ [dUrvtßúEdlK μan vikar³ nig Gac

64

TamTarsMNgénkarxUcxat)an . 3-PtibtIGacCYsCulvikar³ edayesah‘uyxøÜn)an luHRtaEtmineFVI[man

karxUcxatedayminRtwmRtUvnUvplRbeyaCn_rbs;Ptik³ . b:uEnþ Ptik³minRtUv)an

raraMgkñúgkarGnuvtþsiT§iTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxateLIy . 4-CMnYsnwgkarTamTarEdlkMNt;kñúgkfaxNÐTI 2 xagelIenH Ptik³Gac

TamTar[bnßyéføQñÜlEdlsmrmünwgvikar³)an edayKittaMgBIeBlEdl)an

RbKl; .8 5-ebIBMuGacseRmcnUveKalbMNgEdl)aneFVIkic©snüa edaysarmUlehtu

énvikar³kM)aMgenaHeT Ptik³GacrMlayPtisnüaenaH)an . 6-karTamTar[CYsCul [dUr [bnßyéføQñÜl nig karrMlay RtUvGnuvtþ

enAkñúgGMLúgeBl 1 ¬mYy¦ qñaM Kitcab;BIeBlEdlPtik³)andwg b¤ eBlEdlRtUv dwgGMBIehtuenaH)an .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;PtibtIkñúgkarFananUvvikar³énvtßúCYl kñúgkrNIEdlvtßúCYlmanvikar³ .

eyagtammaRta 559 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un bBaØtþisþIBIkarlk;Tij RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr cMeBaH kic©snüaEdlyktémøfñÚr eRkABIkic©snüalk;Tij . maRtaenHCabBaØtþiEdlRtUv)anEcgeLIg edIm,IbBa¢ak;[)an c,as;las;nUveKalKMnitdUcmaRta 570 nig maRta566 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un .

xøwmsarénkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanavikar³ mandUcCasMNgénkarxUcxat karrMlaykic©snüa RBmTaMg karCYsCulvikar³ karbþÚrnwgvtßúEdlBMumanvikar³ karTamTar[cuHbnßyéføQñÜl .

dUckrNIlk;TijEdr KWPtibtImansiT§iCYsCulvikar³ ¬siT§iGnuvtþeBjelj¦ Edr ehIyGacrYcputBI karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanavikar³enH)an tamry³karCYsCulvikar³ .

kar {rMlay} Edl)ankMNt;kñúgkfaxNÐTI 5 énmaRtaenH mann½yfaCakar {CUndMNwgrMlaykic©snüa} . kfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRta 110 énc,ab;PUmi)alkm<úCa EcgGMBIkrNIykic©rbs;Ptik³kñúgkarBinitü munnwg

TTYlkarRbKl;vtßúCYl ehIyRbsinebImin)anBinitüeT RtUvcat;Tukfa RtwmRtUvtaml½kçx½NÐdUcmanEcgkñúg Ptisnüa . enAkñúgc,ab;PUmi)alenH minmanbBaØtþiNamYyEcgpÞal;eT b:uEnþ GacbkRsayfa kñúgkrNIenH 8 kfaxNÐTI 4 énmaRta 605 enH RtUv)aneFVIviesaFnkmμedayc,ab;sþIBIkarGnuvtþRkmrdæb,evNI .

65

eTaHbICarkeXIjcMNucNamYyxusnwgl½kçx½NÐénPtisnüaeRkaykarTTYlk¾eday k¾Ptik³minGacTamTar[ PtibtITTYlxusRtUv)aneT . dUecñHehIy kñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRtaenH k¾EcgdUceKalKMnitenHEdr . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 1115 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 1721 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 110 én c,ab;PUmi)alkm<úCa

maRta 606>- siTi§rMlay nig siT§iTamTar[bnßyéføQñÜl enAkñúgkrNIEdl

cMNUlfycuH 1-ebIPtik³éndIEdlmaneKalbMNgGaRs½yplBIdI TTYlpl)anticCag

éføQñÜl edaysarkrNIRbFanskþi Ptik³GacTamTar[bnßyéføQñÜl rhUtdl; RtwmcMnYnTwkR)ak;énkarGaRs½yplenaH)an .

2-kñúgkrNIEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH ebIkarTTYlpl

)anticCagéføQñÜl elIsBI 2 ¬BIr¦ qñaM CabnþbnÞab; edaysarkrNIRbFanskþi Ptik³GacrMlayPtisnüa)an .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIsiT§iTamTarbnßyéføQñÜl kñúgkrNIEdlcMNUlEdlPtik³TTYlBIdIFøIfycuH . maRtaenHKWCabBaØtþiEcgBiesssRmab;krNIEdlRbmUlpldMNaMBIdIERscMkarEdlCYl min)anl¥ edaysar

eRKaHFmμCati Etminrab;bBa©ÚlkrNIEdl)anCYldIsagsg;eragcRksRmab;plitTMnij EtTMnijenaHlk;min)an ehIycMNUlmin)antamKeRmageLIy . cMNUlBIkarlk;TMnijEdl)anplitedayeragcRkEdlsßitelIdICYl enaH minGaccat;TukfaCa {plBIdI} )aneLIy . cMeBaHkrNIEdlminEmnCapldMNaM min)anl¥eT EtCakrNI EdlcMNUlBIdI)anfycuHTabCagéføQñÜl edaysarkarFøak;cuHtémødMNaMEdlminGacBüakr)anvij sUmTuk[ ecARkmkm<úCaeFVIkarvinicä½ynaeBlGnaKt .

kar {rMlay} Edl)ankMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenH mann½yfaCakar {CUndMNwgrMlaykic©snüa} . tamFmμta enAkm<úCa kñúgkrNIeRcIn karCYldIERscMkar manGMLúgeBl 1 qñaM ehIyPaKeRcInman

karRBmeRBogrvagPaKIGMBIkarbnßyéføQñÜl ehtuenHehIy RtUveKsegáteXIjfa erOgvivaTenHminsUvekIt eLIgeT . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

66

maRta 609 nig maRta 610 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un

maRta 607>- siT§irMlay nig siT§iTamTarbnßyéføQñÜl edaysarkar)at;bg; b¤ vinasvtßúCYlmYyPaK

1-ebIvtßúCYlmYyPaKRtUv)an)at;bg; b¤ vinas edayminEmnCakMhusrbs; Ptik³eT Ptik³GacTamTar[bnßyéføQñÜl eTAtamsmamaRténPaKEdlRtUv)an

)at;bg; b¤ vinasenaH)an . 2-kñúgkrNIénkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH ebIPtik³BMuGacseRmceKalbMNg

Edl)aneFVIkic©snüaCYl eTAelIPaKEdlenAesssl;enaHeT Ptik³GacrMlay

Ptisnüa)an .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIsiT§iTamTar[bnßyéføQñÜl RBmTaMgsiT§irMlay kñúgkrNIEdlvtßúCYl)anvinasmYyPaKén

vtßúCYl . kar {rMlay} Edl)ankMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenH mann½yfaCakar {CUndMNwgrMlaykic©snüa} .


maRta 608>- Gnub,TansiT§iCYl nig karCYlbnþ nUvvtßúCYl 1-ebIK μankaryl;RBmBIPtibtIeT Ptik³BMuGaceFVIGnub,TansiT§iCYl b¤ CYl

bnþnUvvtßúCYl)aneLIy elIkElgEtkrNIénsiT§iCYlGcié®nþy_ . 2-ebIPtik³)an[ttiyCneRbIR)as; b¤ GaRs½yplBIvtßúCYl pÞúynwgbBaØtþi

énkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH PtibtIGacrMlaykic©snüa)an .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcghammin[Ptik³eFVIGnub,TansiT§iCYl b¤ CYlbnþedayK μankaryl;RBmBIPtibtI ehIy

RBmCamYyKñaenH EcgGMBIsiT§irMlayPtisnüarbs;PtibtI kñúgkrNIEdlPtik³)aneFVIGnub,TansiT§iCYl b¤ )an CYlbnþ edayK μankaryl;RBmBIPtibtI . müa:geTot eyagtamyutþisa®sþrbs;Cb:un eTaHbICamanGnub,Tan

67

siT§iCYl b¤ karCYlbnþedayK μankaryl;RBmk¾eday RbsinebIminGacTTYlsÁal;fa GMeBIrbs;Ptik³enaH man lkçN³rMelaPelITMnukcitþeT PtibtIminGacrMlayPtisnüa)aneLIy . enAkm<úCa k¾GacmankrNIxøHEdl minGnuBaØat[eRbIsiT§irMlay)anedaysarkarrMlayenHKWCakareRbIsiT§iedaybMBan .

kar {rMlay} Edl)ankMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenH mann½yfaCakar {CUndMNwgrMlaykic©snüa} . siT§iCYlGcié®nþy_ KWCasiT§iRbtükS EdlGaceFVIGnub,Tan b¤ CYlbnþedayesrI)an ehtuenHehIy Cakar

FmμtaeT k¾b:uEnþ edIm,IbBa¢ak;[)anc,as;las; )anCaenAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 bEnßmBakü {elIkElgEtkrNI énsiT§iCYlGcié®nþy_} . sUmemIlmaRta 252 énRkmenH . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 612 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1123 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa

maRta 609>- karCYlbnþ 1-ebIPtik³)anCYlbnþ nUvvtßúCYledayRtwmRtUvtamc,ab; Ptik³bnþRtUvman

krNIykic©edaypÞal; cMeBaHPtibtI . cMeBaHkrNIykic©bg;éføQñÜlCYlbnþ Ptik³ bnþBMuGacykkarbg;éføCamuneTA[Ptik³ mkttaMgCamYyPtibtI )aneLIy .

2-bBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH BMuraraMgdl;karGnuvtþsiT§irbs;PtibtI cMeBaHPtik³eLIy .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgsþIBIkrNIykic©rbs;Ptik³bnþ cMeBaHPtibtI kñúgkrNIEdlPtik³)anCYlbnþnUvvtßúCYl eday

RtwmRtUvtamc,ab; . Bakü {edayRtwmRtUvtamc,ab;} kñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRtaenH mann½yfa PaKeRcIn KWCakrNIEdl)anTTYlkaryl;RBmBIPtibtI k¾b:uEnþ eTaHbICaBMumankaryl;RBmBIPtibtIk¾eday EtRbsinebI karrMlayedayPtibtI edayEp¥kelIkfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRta 608 minGacTTYlsÁal; edaysarkarrMlayenaH KWCakareRbIsiT§iedaybMBan CaGaT× k¾RtUvcat;Tukfa {edayRtwmRtUvtamc,ab;} Edr . cMeBaHkarCYlGcié®nþy_ k¾dUcKñaEdr eTaHbICaBMumankaryl;RBmBIPtibtIk¾eday k¾GacCYlbnþ)anEdr ehIykñúgkrNIenH k¾CakrNI CYlbnþ {edayRtwmRtUvtamc,ab;} Edr dUecñHehIy RtUvGnuvtþmaRtaenHEdr .

eKalKMniténkfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenH KW ]TahrN_ cMeBaHkarTamTaréføQñÜl PtibtIGacykCeRmIs TamTarBIPtik³CYlbnþ)an b¤ k¾TamTarBIPtik³)anEdr . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

68


maRta 610>- krNIykic© nig eBlevlaénkarbg;éføQñÜl 1-Ptik³ mankrNIykic©bg;éføQñÜl eTA[PtibtI eTAtameBlevlaEdl

)ankMNt; . 2-enAkñúgkrNIEdlmin)ankMNt;CaBiessenAkñúgkic©snüa GMBIeBlevla

EdlRtUvbg;éføQñÜleT cMeBaHclnvtßú nig pÞH b¤ GaKar RtUvbg;enAerogral;cugEx

cMeBaHdIFøIvij RtUvbg;enAerogral;cugqñaM . b:uEnþ cMeBaHvtßúEdlmanrdUvRbmUlpl

RtUvbg;enAeRkayeBlEdlrdUvenaHknøgput edayK μankaryWty:av .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIkrNIykic© nig eBlevlaEdlRtUvbg;éføQñÜledayPtik³ . tambBaØtþiénRkmrdæb,evNI

CaeKalkarN_ Ptik³RtUvbg;éføQñÜlenAral;eBlEdlGMLúgeBlkMNt;mYy)anknøgputeTA k¾b:uEnþ PaKIGaceFVI karsnüaBiessGMBIkarbg;éføQñÜlmunral;GMLúgeBlEdl)ankMNt;enaHk¾)anEdr . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 611>- krNIykic©CUndMNwg rbs;Ptik³ ebImankarcaM)ac;elIkarCYsCulvtßúCYl b¤ ebImanttiyCnGHGagGMBIsiT§i

cMeBaHvtßúCYl Ptik³RtUvCUndMNwgenaHeTA[PtibtI edayK μankaryWty:av . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy ebIPtibtI)andwgGMBIehtuenaHrYcehIy .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIkrNIykic©CUndMNwgrbs;Ptik³ eTAPtibtI kñúgkrNIEdlmankarcaM)ac;RtUvCYsCulvtßúCYl

b¤ kñúgkrNIEdlmanttiyCnEdlGHGagGMBIsiT§iBak;B½n§nwgvtßúCYlenaH . cMeBaHplubePaKvij kfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 266 énRkmenH EcgGMBIkarsgnUvsMNgénkarxUcxat

kñúgkrNIEdlmankarbMBankrNIykic©CUndMNwg edayplubePaKI . k¾b:uEnþ krNIykic©Edl)ankMNt;enAkñúg maRtaenH KWCakrNIykic©elIkic©snüa ¬katBVkic©¦ dUecñHehIy eBlmankarbMBankrNIykic© karEdl

69

GñkbMBanRtUvsgnUvsMNgénkarxUcxat KWCakarFm μtaeT . pÞúyeTAvij krNIykic©CUndMNwgrbs;plubePaKI minEmnCakrNIykic©tampøÚvc,ab;siT§ielIbMNuleT KWCakrNIykic©tampøÚvc,ab;siT§iRbtükS ehtuenHehIy RbsinebIK μanbBaØtþidUckfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 266 eT eTaHbICamankarxUcxatekIteLIg edaysarkareFVs RbEhskñúgkarCUndMNwgedayplubePaKIk¾eday ebIkareFVsRbEhsenHminbMeBjl½kçx½NÐénGMeBIGnItüanukUl eT kmμsiT§ikrminGacTamTar[plubePaKITTYlxusRtUvnUvsMNgénkarxUcxat)aneLIy . dUecñHehIy caM)ac; RtUvbBa¢ak;[)anc,as;las;fa karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;plubePaKIenaH KWCakarTTYlxusRtUvEdlc,ab;)ankMNt; . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


EpñkTI 3 karbBa©b;Ptisnüa

maRta 612>- karputGMLúgeBlkMNt; PtisnüaEdlmankMNt;GMLúgeBl RtUvbBa©b;edaykarputGMLúgeBlEdl

)ankMNt;enaH .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgfa PtisnüaRtUvbBa©b;edaykarputGMLúgeBlkMNt;edayPtisnüaenaH . edaysarEt

enHKWCaxøwmsarFmμta mincaM)ac;bBaØtþk¾)anEdr ehtuenHehIy)anCa kñúgRkmrdæb,evNICb:un BMumanbBaØtþidUc maRtaenHeT .

maRta 613>- karbdiesFkarbnþCaf μI nUvPtisnüaGclnvtßú cMeBaHPtisnüaGclnvtßú ebIPaKImçagBMu)anbgðajqnÞ³bdiesFkarbnþCaf μI

enAmunry³eBl 3 ¬bI¦ Ex munputkMNt;GMLúgeBl cMeBaHpÞH b¤ GaKar b¤ enAmun

ry³eBl 1 ¬mYy¦ qñaM munputkMNt;GMLúgeBl cMeBaHdIFøI eTAPaKImçageToteT

RtUvcat;Tukfa)anyl;RBmkñúgkarbnþCaf μI . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIenH PtisnüaEdlRtUv )anbnþCafμIenH KWCaPtisnüaEdlBMumankMNt;GMLúgeBl .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIkarbnþPtisnüaGclnvtßúEdlkMNt;GMLúgeBl kñúgkrNIEdlPaKImçagBMu)anCUndMNwgeTA

70

PaKImçageTotfa bdiesFnUvkarbnþCaf μ InUvPtisnüa enAmunry³eBlkMNt;mYy muneBlputGMLúgeBlén Ptisnüa . k¾b:uEnþ siT§iCYleRkayeBlbnþCaf μ I BMumankMNt;GMLúgeBleT ehtuenHehIy PaKINamçag k¾GacesñIsMurMlayPtisnüaenH eyagtammaRta 615 énRkmenH enAeBlNak¾)anEdr ehIyPtisnüanwgRtUv bBa©b; 3 ExeRkaykaresñIsMurMlay kñúgkrNICYlGaKar nig 1 qñaM eRkaykaresñIsMurMlay kñúgkrNICYldIFøI . mann½yfa karkarBarPtik³manPaBexSayCag ebIeRbobeFobeTAnwgmuneBlbnþPtisnüaCafμ I .

RbsinebIPtibtI)anbgðajqnÞ³bdiesFkarbnþCafμIehIy EteRkayeBlputGMLúgeBl BMu)anTamTar[Ptik³ ecjeT GacbkRsay)anfaCakarbgðajqnÞ³bnþCafμ IedaytuNðIPaB eday)andkqnÞ³bdiesFBImun)an . k¾b:uEnþ kñúgRkmenH bBaØtþisn μtedayc,ab;GMBIcMNucenH minRtUv)anerobcMeT .

müa:geTot maRta 1133 nig maRta 1134 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa k¾tRmUv[manGMLúgeBl kMNt;mYy sRmab;CUndMNwgCamun kñúgkrNIbdiesFkarbnþCafμ I . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 26 énc,ab;sþIBIkarCYldI nig karCYlpÞHrbs;Cb:un/ maRta 1133 nig maRta 1134 énRkm rdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa

maRta 614>- karbnþCafμIedaytuNðIPaB cMeBaHPtisnüaclnvtßú enAkñúgkrNIEdlPtik³)anbnþkareRbIR)as; b¤

GaRs½yplelIvtßúCYlenaH eTaHenAeRkayGMLúgeBlénPtisnüa )anputkMNt;ehIy

k¾eday ebIPtibtI)andwgGMBIehtuenaHehIy Etmin)aneFVIkartva:eT RtUvsn μtfaCa PtisnüaEdl)anbnþCafμI edayK μankMNt;GMLúgeBl ehIymanl½kçx½NÐdUcKñanwg

kic©snüaEdl)anCYlBImun elIkElgEtGMLúgeBlecj .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIkarbnþCafμ InUvPtisnüaclnvtßú kñúgkrNIEdlPtibtI)andwgfa Ptik³bnþkareRbIR)as; nig

GaRs½yplelIvtßúCYl eRkayGMLúgeBlénPtisnüa )anknøgput EtBMu)aneFVIkartva:cMeBaHehtuenH . k¾b:uEnþ siT§iCYlEdlbegáIteLIgeRkaykarbnþCaf μ IenaH køayeTACasiT§iCYlEdlKμankMNt;GMLúgeBl ehtuenHehIy PaKINamçagk¾GacesñIsMurMlayPtisnüa edayeyagtammaRta 615 énRkmenH enAeBlNak¾)anEdr ehIy PtisnüanwgRtUvbBa©b; [Et 1 éf¶)anknøgputeTA ehtudUecñH karkarBarPtik³nwgmanPaBexSayCagsiT§iCYl EdlmanmuneBlbnþCafμ IenaH .

71

kñúgkrNIEdlCaPtisnüaGclnvtßú eyagtammaRtamun RbsinebIPaKImçagBMu)anbgðajqnÞ³bdiesFkarbnþ Cafμ I cMeBaHPaKImçageTot enAmuneBlkMNt;mYy muneBlputGMLúgeBlénPtisnüaeT PtisnüaenaHnwgRtUv bnþCafμIedaysV½yRbvtþi . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 615>- karesñIsMu[rMlayPtisnüaEdlBMumankMNt;GMLúgeBl 1-ebIBMu)ankMNt;GMLúgeBlCYlenAkñúgkic©snüaeT PaKInImYy²GacesñIsMu[

rMlaykic©snüa enAeBlNak¾)an . kñúgkrNIEdlkaresñIsuM[rMlay min)an

bBa¢ak;GMBIeBlrlay nig kñúgkrNIEdlGMLúgeBlcab;BIeBlesñIsuM[rMlay

rhUtdl;eBlrlayEdl)anbBa¢ak;enAkñúgkaresñIsuM[rMlayenaH ticCagGMLúg

eBldUc)ankMNt;xageRkamenH PtisnüaRtUvrlay enAeBlEdlGMLúgeBldUc

)ankMNt;xageRkamenH )anknøghYs Kitcab;BIeBlesñIsuM[rMlay ³ k-1 ¬mYy¦ éf¶ cMeBaHclnvtßú . x-3 ¬bI¦ Ex cMeBaHGaKar . K-1 ¬mYy¦ qñaM cMeBaHdIFøI .

2-cMeBaHPtisnüadIFøIEdlmanrdUvRbmUlpl RtUveFVIkaresñIsMurMlaykic©snüa enAeRkayrdUvenaH munkarcab;epþImkareFVIksikm μ sRmab;rdUvbnÞab; .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgfa kñúgkrNIEdlBMu)ankMNt;GMLúgeBlénPtisnüaeT PaKINamçagk¾GacesñIsMu[rMlay

Ptisnüa enAeBlNak¾)anEdr ehIyPtisnüaenaHnwgRtUvbBa©b; enAeBl 1 éf¶ )anknøgputeTA cMeBaHclnvtßú eBl 3 Ex )anknøgputeTA cMeBaHGaKar nig eBl 1 qñaM )anknøgputeTA cMeBaHdIFøI . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 617 énRkmrdæb,evNIICb:un

maRta 616>- karrkSaTuksiT§irMlaykic©snüa

72

eTaHenAkñúgkrNIEdlPaKI)ankMNt;GMLúgeBlénPtisnüak¾eday bBaØtþién

maRta 615 ¬karesñIsMu[rMlayPtisnüaEdlBMumankMNt;GMLúgeBl¦ xagelIenH RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr ebIPaKIEtmçag b¤ PaKITaMgsgxag )anrkSaTuknUvsiT§i GMNacGnuvtþkarrMlaykic©snüa enAkñúgGMLúgeBlenaH .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgfa eTaHbICaPtisnüamankMNt;GMLúgeBlk¾eday kñúgkrNIEdlPaKImçag b¤ PaKITaMgsgxag

)anrkSaTuknUvsiT§irMlaykic©snüa RbsinebIsiT§irMlaykic©snüaenaHRtUv)anGnuvtþ k¾PtisnüaenaHnwgRtUvbBa©b; eRkaykarknøgputeTAénGMLúgeBlmYy bnÞab;BIeBl)anGnuvtþsiT§irMlayenH edayykbBaØtþiénmaRta 615 mkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 617>- PaBK μanGanuPaBRbtiskm μénkarrMlaykic©snüa enAkñúgkrNIEdl)anrMlayPtisnüa karrMlaykic©snüaenaH RtUvman

GanuPaBeq<aHeTAGnaKtEtb:ueNÑaH .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgfa karrMlayPtisnüa BMumanGanuPaBRbtiskm μeT mann½yfa PtisnüaenH BMuEmnK μan

kMeNIteLIgtaMgBIdMbUgenaHmkeT . edIm,IeFVIkarEbgEck[)anc,as;las;rvagkarrMlayPtisnüaEdlK μan GanuPaBRbtiskmμénkarrMlay nig karrMlayFm μtaEdlmanGanuPaBRbtiskm μ tamnItisa®sþ RtUveRbIBakü {karCUndMNwgrMlaykic©snüa} . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 618>- krNIykic©RbKl;vtßúCYl 1-ebIPtisnüaRtUv)anbBa©b;ehIy Ptik³mankrNIykic©eFVIbdiTanvtßúCYl

RbKl;eTA[PtibtIvij CabnÞan; .

73

2-elIkElgEtkar)ak;Ebk xUcxatEdlekIteLIgedaysarkareRbIR)as;Ca Fm μta Ptik³RtUvCYsCulkarxUcxatEdlekIteLIgedaysarmUlehtuCabnÞúkrbs; xøÜneLIgvij b¤ RtUvmankrNIykic©sgsMNgénkarxUcxatenaH .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIkrNIykic©rbs;Ptik³ kñúgkareFVIbdiTanvtßúCYl nig kñúgkarRbKl;vtßúenaHeTA[PtibtIvij

enAeBlEdlPtisnüaRtUv)anbBa©b; . Ptik³RtUvCYsCuleLIgvij nUvkarxUtxatEdlekIteLIgedaysarsar mUlehtuCabnÞúkrbs;xøÜn ehIykñúgkrNIEdlminGacCYsCulvij)aneT RtUvsgnUvsMNgénkarxUcxatenaH k¾b:uEnþ cMeBaHkarxUcxatEdlekIteLIgCaFm μCati edaysarkareRbIR)as;Fmμta dUcCakarbþÚrBN’énRkdas;CBa¢aMg edaysarBnøWRBHGaTitü b¤ karRbLak;énkRmal CaGaT× Ptik³BMumankrNIykic©eFVIkarbdiTan b¤ krNIykic©sg nUvsMNgénkarxUcxateLIy . témøcuHfyénvtßúCYl edaysarkarxUcxatCaFmμCatienaH RtUv)anbBa©ÚleTAkñúg éføQñÜlrYceRsceTAehIy . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

cMeBaHkfaxNÐTI 1 sUmemIlmaRta 597 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un EdlRtUv)anykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr edaymaRta 616 énRkmdEdlenH ehIycMeBaHkfaxNÐTI 2 vij sUmemIlmaRta 1121 énRkmrdæb,evNI cas;rbs;km<úCa nig maRta 111 énc,ab;PUmi)alkm<úCa .

maRta 619>- siT§iruHerIecj rbs;Ptik³ ebIPtisnüaRtUv)anbBa©b;ehIy Ptik³GacruHerIecj nUvvtßúEdl)anP¢ab;Ca

mYynwgvtßúCYlenaH )an .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIsiT§iruHerIrbs;Ptik³ nUvvtßúEdlxøÜn)anP¢ab;CamYynwgvtßúCYl enAeBlbBa©b;Ptisnüa .

Ptik³mansiT§iruHerI RBmCamYyKñaenH mankrNIykic©ruHerIEdr ¬mann½yfa krNIykic©eFVIbdiTan¦ . PtibtI GacGnueRKaHkrNIykic©eFVIbdiTan)an EtminGacdkhUtnUvsiT§iruHerIrbs;Ptik³ edayTMenIgcitþxøÜn)aneLIy . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 598 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un EdlRtUv)anykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr edaymaRta 616 énRkmdEdl

74

maRta 620>- siT§irMlaykic©snüarbs;snþtiCn enAkñúgkrNIEdlPtik³TTYl

mrNPaB RbsinebIK μanbMNgcg;bnþPtisnüateTAeToteT snþtiCnrbs;Ptik³ Gac

rMlaykic©snüaenaH)an .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgTTYlsÁal;nUvsiT§irMlayrbs;snþtiCnénPtik³ edayKiteXIjfa eTaHbICaPtik³ b¤ PtibtI

)anTTYlmrNPaBk¾eday TMnak;TMngénPtisnüanwgRtUv)anTTYlbnþedaysnþtiCnrbs;GñkenaH EtkñúgkrNI EdlPtik³)anTTYlmrNPaB ehIyRbsinebIsnþtiCnrbs;Ptik³enaH minmanplRbeyaCn_BIkarbnþPtisnüa enHeT ehIyenA[GñkenHTTYlkrNIykic©bg;éføQñÜl vaKWCakarminsmrmü ehtuenHehIy maRtaenHTTYlsÁal; nUvsiT§irMlayPtisnüarbs;snþtiCnxagPtik³ . Bakü {rMlay} enAkñúgenH mann½yfa {CUndMNwgrMlay kic©snüa} .

müa:geTot maRta 1130 énRkmrdæb,evNBIcas;rbs;km<úCa Ecgfa kñúgkrNIEdlPtik³TTYlmrNPaB RbsinebIsnþtiCnrbs;Ptik³enaH mincg;bnþPtisnüaeT PtisnüaenaHnwgRtUvbBa©b; . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 1130 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa

maRta 621>- GMLúgeBleRbIsiT§iTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxat nig karTamTar[

sgesah‘uymkvij sMNgénkarxUcxatEdlekIteLIgedaysarPtik³ kñúgkareRbIR)as; nig

GaRs½yplEdlpÞúynwgGtßn½yedIménkic©snüa nig karsgmkvijnUvesah‘uy

EdlPtik³)anecj RtUvTamTarenAkñúgGMLúgeBl 1 ¬mYy¦ qñaM Kitcab;BIeBl

EdlPtibtI)anTTYlkarsgvtßúCYlenaH .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgfa siT§irbs;PtibtIkñúgkarTamTarnUvsMNgénkarxUcxat cMeBaHkarxUcxatEdl)anekIteLIg

edaysarkareRbI nig GaRs½yplEdlpÞúynwgGtßn½yénPtisnüa rbs;Ptik³ nig siT§irbs;Ptik³kñúgkarTamTar [sgmkvijnUvesah‘uyrbs;Ptik³ecj caM)ac;RtUvGnuvtþkñúgGMLúgeBl 1 qñaM eRkaykarRbKl;vijnUvvtßúCYl

75

eTA[PtibtI . GMLúgeBlenHBMuEmnCaGMLúgeBlsRmab;kardak;BakübNþwgeT . mann½yfa RbsinebI RKan;EtCUndMNwgGMBIqnÞ³GnuvtþsiT§irbs;xøÜneRkAtulakareTA kñúgGMLúgeBl 1 qñaMenH vaCakarRKb;RKan;ehIy edIm,IkuM[rMlt;siT§i TamTarenaH . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


EpñkTI 4 kic©snüaRbvas;

¬kMNt;¦ enAkñúgRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa manbBaØtþisþIBIkic©snüaRbvas; ¬métayage¦ xøH²Edr . k¾b:uEnþ

Rkmrdæb,evNICb:un nig c,ab;PUmi)alkm<úCavij K μanbBaØtþisþIBIkarRbvas;eT . rIÉenAkñúgRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg manEtbBaØtþisþIBIkarCYlstVBahn³ cab;BImaRta 1827 eTA .

kic©snüaRbvas; KWCaRbePTBiessénPtisnüa k¾b:uEnþ edayEp¥kelIeKalkarN_esrIPaBkñúgkareFVIkic©snüa [EtPaKITaMgsgxagRBmeRBogKña KWGacbegáItPtisnüaEdlmanxøwmsardUcenH)an . enARbeTskm<úCa eKsegáteXIjfa tamCnbT kic©snüaRbvas;dUcenH manminRtwmEtkarRbvas;dIERscMkarb:ueNÑaHeT KWman TaMgkarRbvas;sMeBAsM)a:n stVBahn³ CaedIm Edr . k¾b:uEnþ RbsinebIbeNþay[eFVIkic©snüaRbvas;TUlay xøaMgeBkeTA nwgkøayCaminGacEbgEckBIkic©snüaRkumh‘un)aneT ehtuenHehIy kñúgenH RtUvkRmitRtwmEt karRbvas;dIFøI nig stVBahn³b:ueNÑaH .

maRta 622>- Gtßn½yénkic©snüaRbvas; kic©snüaEdlkm μsiT§ikr [Ptik³x©IdI b¤ stVBahn³ edIm,ITajykpl

ehIyykplenaH mkEbgEckKña rvagPtibtI nig Ptik³ ehAfa kic©snüaRbvas; .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIniymn½yénkic©snüaRbvas; .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ maRta 1136 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa

maRta 623>- rebobEbgEckpl

76

ebIBMu)ankMNt;GMBIrebobEbgEckpleT RtUvcat;Tukfa RtUvEbgEckesμI²PaK

Kña .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgfa kñúgkic©snüaRbvas; kñúgkrNIEdlBMumankMNt;BiessGVIGMBIviFIEbgEckpleT RtUveFVIkar

EbgEck[esμ IPaBKña . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 624>- siT§icat;Ecgpl rbs;Ptik³ luHRtaEtenAeRkayeBlEdl)anbBa©b;karEckPaKénpleTA[PtibtIrYc

ehIy eTIbPtik³énkarRbvas; Gaccat;EcgplEdlCacMENkrbs;xøÜn)an .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgfa siT§icat;Ecgplrbs;Ptik³ BMuGacGnuvtþ)aneLIy RbsinebIminTan;)anEbgEckpldl;

PtibtIeT . bBaØtþienHmaneKalKMnitEdlmanxøwmsarfa RtUvEbgEckplCak;EsþgEdl)anTTYl Camunsin kñúg kic©snüaRbvas; . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


CMBUkTI 6 karx©IeRbI

maRta 625>- niymn½yénkarx©IeRbI karx©IeRbI sMedAeTAelIkic©snüamYy EdlPaKImçag [PaKImçageTot eRbIR)as;

nig GaRs½ypl nUvvtúßNamYy edaymin[bg;éfø .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIniymn½yénkarx©IeRbI .

maRta 626>- l½kçx½NÐénkarbegáItkarx©IeRbI

77

kic©snüax©IeRbI RtUvmanGanuPaB edayPaKImçag TTYlykvtßúNamYyBIPaKI mçageTot ehIysnüafanwgsgvtßúenaH eRkayBI)aneRbIR)as; nig GaRs½ypl

edayminbg;éfø .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIl½kçx½NÐénkarbegáItkic©snüax©IeRbI . kic©snüax©IeRbI KWCakic©snüaEdlRtUv)anbegáIt

edaykarRbKl;vtßú ehIynwgmansuBlPaBenAeBlEdlGñkx©IeRbI)anTTYlkarRbKl;Cak;EsþgnUvvtßúx©I . müa:g eTot kic©snüax©IeRbI KWCakic©snüaÉketaPaKI ¬contrat unilatéral¦ ehIyCakic©snüaEdlminyktémøfñÚreT ¬kic©snüamuFa¦ . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 627>- krNIykic©rbs;Gñkx©I enAkñúgkareRbIR)as; nig GaRs½ypl 1-Gñkx©I RtUvrkSaTukvtßúx©I edayRbugRby½tñ kñúgnamCaGñkRKb;RKgeday

sucrit . 2-Gñkx©I RtUveRbIR)as; nig GaRs½yplvtßúenaH tamkic©snüa b¤ edayEp¥k

tamviFIeRbI EdlRtUv)ankMNt;tamnisS½yénvtßúEdlCakm μvtßúenaH . 3-ebIK μankaryl;RBmBIGñk[x©IeT Gñkx©IBMuGac[ttiyCneRbIR)as; b¤

GaRs½ypl BIvtßúx©IenaH)aneLIy . 4-kñúgkrNIEdlGñkx©IeFVIpÞúynwgbBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1 TI 2 b¤ TI 3 xagelI

enH Gñk[x©IGacrMlaykic©snüa)an .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIkrNIykic©rbs;Gñkx©IeRbI cMeBaHkareRbIR)as; nig GaRs½yplBIvtßúx©I . kñúgkrNIEdlman

karbMBannwgkrNIykic©enH Gñk[x©IGacrMlaykic©snüa)an . maRtaenHRsbnwgmaRta 600 maRta 601 nig maRta 608 sþIBIPtisnüa kñúgRkmenH . Bakü {rMlay} kñúgmaRtaenH mann½yfa {CUndMNwgrMlaykic©snüa} . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 400 nig maRta 594 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1880 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg

78

maRta 628>- bnÞúkelIesah‘uy 1-Gñkx©I RtUvTTYlbnÞúkelIesah‘uycaM)ac;Fmμta énvtßúx©I . 2-RbsinebIGñkx©I)anecjcMNayesah‘uycaM)ac;elIkarCYsCulFM² CaGaT×

eRkABIesah‘uycaM)ac;Fmμta b¤ )ancMNayR)ak;edIm,IEklMG b¤ cMNayepSgedIm,I begáIntémø enAeBlEdlkarx©IeRbIRtUv)anbBa©b; Gñkx©IGacTamTarcMeBaHGñk[x©I [

sgvijnUvR)ak;Edl)ancMNay b¤ témøR)ak;EdlekInenaH tamkareRCIserIsrbs; Gñk[x©I kñúgkRmitEdlkMeNIntémøenaHenAEtman . b:uEnþ tulakarGacGnuBaØat[

sg edaykMNt;GMLúgeBlsmrmü eyaltamkarTamTarrbs;Gñk[x©I)an .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHKWCabBaØtþiEcgGMBIbnÞúkrbs;Gñk[x©I b¤ Gñkx©I elIcMNayedIm,IeFVIkarEfrkSa b¤ EklMGvtßúx©I .

xusBImaRta 602 nig maRta 604 sþIBIPtisnüa énRkmenH cMeBaHkic©snüax©IeRbI EdlCakic©snüaEdlminyk témøfñÚr ¬kic©snüamuFa¦ Gñkx©IeRbIRtUvTTYlbnÞúknUvesah‘uycaM)ac;Fm μta dUcCaesah‘uysRmab;CYsCultUc² . rIÉesah‘uysRmab;karCYsCulFM² b¤ esah‘uybegáIttémøedIm,IEklMG RtUv[Gñk[x©Ibg;edayeFVIkareRCIserIs esah‘uyEdl)ancMNayCak;Esþg b¤ cMnYnTwkR)ak;Edl)anbegáIntémøénvtßú[x©IenaH .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ maRta 595 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1886 nig maRta 1890 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg

maRta 629>- karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanarbs;Gñk[x©I Gñk[x©I BMuTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFana cMeBaHvikar³énvtßúEdlCakm μvtßúúénkarx©I

eRbI b¤ karxVHsiT§ieT . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy ebIGñk[x©I)andwg

GMBIvikar³ b¤ karxVHsiT§ienaHehIy EtBMu)anCUndMNwgeTAGñkx©I .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgfa Gñk[x©IminTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanaeLIy eTaHbICakñúgkrNIEdlvtßú[x©IenaH manvikar³ b¤

siT§ielIvtßúenaHmanvikar³k¾eday elIkElgEtkñúgkrNIEdlGñk[x©I)andwgGMBIvikar³enaH Etmin)anR)ab;dl;Gñkx©I . kic©snüax©IeRbI KWCakic©snüaEdlminyktémøfñÚr ¬kic©snüamuFa¦ ehtuenHehIy CaeKalkarN_ Gñk[x©I minTTYlbnÞúkkñúgkarFanaeT .

79

cMeBaHxøwmsarénkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFana kñúgkrNIBiessEdlGñk[x©IRtUvTTYlxusRtUvvij sUmemIl maRta 605 énRkmenH sþIBIPtisnüa . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 630>- karbBa©b;karx©IeRbI eyaltamkarputkMNt;GMLúgeBl b¤ cb;kar eRbIR)as; nig GaRs½ypl

1-karx©IeRbIEdlmankMNt;GMLúgeBl RtUvbBa©b;edaykarputkMNt;GMLúg

eBl . 2-enAkñúgkrNIEdlPaKImin)ankMNt;GMLúgeBl RbsinebI)ankMNt;GMBI

eKalbMNgénkarx©IeRbI karx©IeRbInwgRtUvbBa©b; enAeBlEdlGñkx©I)anbB©ab;kareRbI R)as; nig GaRs½yplvtßúx©I tameKalbMNgenaH . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlGñkx©IBMu)an

bB©ab;kareRbIR)as; nig GaRs½ypl edaysarkareFVsRbEhskñúgkareRbIR)as; nig GaRs½ypl karx©IeRbInwgRtUvbB©ab; bnÞab;BIGMLúgeBlEdlRKb;RKan;edIm,I GnuvtþkareRbIR)as; nig GaRs½yplenaH )anknøgput .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIeBlbBa©b;kic©snüax©IeRbI sRmab;krNIénkic©snüax©IeRbIEdlmankarkMNt;GMLúgeBl

enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 nig sRmab;krNIénkic©snüax©IeRbIEdlmankMNt;EteKalbMNgénkareRbIR)as; EtBMuman kMNt;GMLúgeBleRbIR)as; enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 2 . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

kfaxNÐTI 1 nig kfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 597 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1888 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg

maRta 631>- karesñIsMu[rMlaykic©snüaBIGñk[x©I 1-ebIBMu)ankMNt;TaMgGMLúgeBl nig eKalbMNgpgeT Gñk[x©IGacesñIsMu

rMlaykic©snüax©IeRbI enAeBlNak¾)an .

80

2-eTaHCaenAmunkarputkMNt;GMLúgeBl b¤ enAmunkarbB©ab;kareRbIR)as; nig GaRs½yplk¾eday RbsinebImankrNIbnÞan; nig caM)ac;ekItmaneLIgcMeBaH vtßúx©I EdlGñk[x©IBMuGacBüakr)an Gñk[x©IGacesñIsMurMlaykic©snüax©IeRbI)an .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIkrNIBIr EdlGñk[x©IGacesñIsMurMlaykic©snüa)an . mann½yfa kfaxNÐTI 1 EcgGMBI

krNIEdlkic©snüaBMumankarkMNt;nUvGMLúgeBleRbIR)as; nig eKalbMNgeRbIR)as; rIÉkfaxNÐTI 2 EcgGMBI krNIEdlGñk[x©I mankarbnÞan; RBmTaMgmankarcaM)ac;EdlminGacBüakr)an . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

cMeBaHkfaxNÐTI 1 sUmemIlkfaxNÐTI 3 maRta 597 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un cMeBaHkfaxNÐTI 2 sUmemIlmaRta 1889 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg .

maRta 632>- karesñIsMu[rMlaykic©snüaBIGñkx©I eTaHbI)ankMNt; b¤ min)ankMNt;GMLúgeBlk¾eday Gñkx©IGacesñIsMurMlay

kic©snüax©IeRbI enAeBlNak¾)an . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlGñk[x©ImanplRbeyaCn_ eTAelIGMLúgeBlenaH Gñkx©ImankrNIykic©sgsMNgénkarxUcxat EdlekIteLIg

edaysarkaresñIsMurMlaykic©snüaenaH .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgfa Gñkx©IGacesñIsMurMlaykic©snüax©IeBlNak¾)anEdr ehIybBaØtþienHRtUv)aneFVIeLIgeday

Ep¥kelIRTwsþInItisa®sþCb:un . vaküxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenHEcgsRmab;krNIdUcCa krNIEdlGñk[x©I)aneTAeFVIkar enAbreTsry³eBlEvg ehIy)an[GñkepSgx©IpÞHrbs;xøÜnedayminyktémøfñÚr edIm,I[GñkenaHCYyRKb;RKg RbsinebIGñkx©IesñIsuMrMlaykic©snüaenaH pÞHenH)at;GñkRKb;RKg karxUcxatGacekIteLIg edaysarGvtþman rbs;GñkRKb;RKgenaH .

maRta 633>- karbBa©b;karx©IeRbIedaysarmrNPaBrbs;Gñkx©I karx©IeRbI nwgRtUvbBa©b;edaysarmrNPaBrbs;Gñkx©I .

¬kMNt;¦

81

maRtaenHEcgGMBIkarbBa©b;karx©IeRbI kñúgkrNIEdlGñkx©I)anTTYlmrNPaB . bBaØtþienHEp¥keTAelIlkçN³ Biessénkarx©IeRbI mann½yfa kñúgkarx©IeRbIenH Gñk[x©ImanTMnukcitþeTAelIGñkx©I eTIb[x©IeRbIedayBMuyktémøfñÚr . ehtuenHehIy eTaHbICaGñk[x©I)anTTYlmrNPaBk¾eday RbsinebIBMumanl½kçx½NÐBiesseT karx©IeRbIenHmin RtUv)anbBa©b;eLIy . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 634>- krNIykic©RbKl;vtßúx©I 1-enAeBlEdlkarx©IeRbIRtUv)anbBa©b;ehIy Gñkx©ImankrNIykic©RtUveFVI

bdiTanvtßúx©IenaH ehIyRbKl;eTA[Gñk[x©Ivij CabnÞan; . 2-elIkElgEtkar)ak;Ebk karxUcxatEdlekIteLIgedaysarkareRbIR)as;

CaFmμta Gñkx©IRtUvCYsCulkarxUcxatEdlekIteLIgedaysarmUlehtuCabnÞúkrbs; xøÜneLIgvij b¤ RtUvmankrNIykic©sgsMNgénkarxUcxatenaH .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIkrNIykic©eFVIbdiTan nig krNIykic©RbKl;sgvijnUvvtßúx©IeRbIrbs;Gñkx©I eBlbBa©b;

karx©IeRbI . Gñkx©IRtUvCYsCulnUvkarxUcxatEdlekIteLIgedaysarmUlehtuCabnÞúkrbs;xøÜn ehIyRbsinebI minGacCYsCuleLIgvij)aneT RtUvsgnUvsMNgénkarxUcxatenaH . k¾b:uEnþ cMeBaHkarxUcxatEdlekIteLIg edayFmμCati edaykareRbIR)as;Fm μta dUcCaRkdas;CBa¢aMgEdlbþÚrBN’ b¤ kRmalEdlRbLak; CaGaT× Gñkx©IeRbIBMumankrNIykic©CYsCul b¤ sgnUvsMNgénkarxUcxatenaHeLIy . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 635>- siT§iruHerIecjrbs;Gñkx©I ebIkic©snüax©IeRbI RtUv)anbBa©b;ehIy Gñkx©IGacruHerIecj nUvvtßúEdl)anP¢ab;

CamYynwgvtßúx©IenaH)an .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIsiT§iruHerIrbs;Gñkx©I nUvvtßúEdlxøÜn)anP¢ab;CamYynwgvtßúx©I enAeBlbBa©b;kic©snüax©IeRbI .

82

Gñkx©ImansiT§iruHerI RBmCamYyKñaenH mankrNIykic©ruHerIEdr ¬mann½yfa krNIykic©eFVIbdiTan¦ . Gñk[x©IGac GnueRKaHcMeBaHkrNIykic©eFVIbdiTan)an EtminGacdkhUtnUvsiT§iruHerIrbs;Gñkx©I tamTMenIgcitþxøÜn)aneLIy . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 636>- GMLúgeBleRbIsiT§iTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxat nig TamTar[sg

esah‘uymkvij sMNgénkarxUcxatEdlekIteLIgedaysarGñkx©I kñúgkareRbIR)as; b¤ GaRs½y

plEdlpÞúynwgGtßn½yedIménkic©snüa nig karsgmkvijnUvesah‘uyEdlGñkx©I )anecj RtUvTamTarenAkñúgGMLúgeBl 1 ¬mYy¦ qñaM Kitcab;BIeBlEdlGñk[x©I)an

TTYlkarsgvtßúx©IenaH .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgfa siT§iTamTarrbs;Gñk[x©I kñúgkarTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatEdl)anekIteLIg edaysar

kareRbIR)as; nig GaRs½yplEdlpÞúynwgGtßn½yénkic©snüax©IeRbIrbs;Gñkx©I b¤ siT§irTamTarrbs;Gñkx©I kñúgkarTamTar[sgvijnUvesah‘uy ¬esah‘uyeRkABIesah‘uycaM)ac;Fm μta nig esah‘uyedIm,IbegáIntémø¦ edayEp¥kelIkfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 628 énRkmenH caM)ac;RtUvGnuvtþkñúgGMLúgeBl 1 qñaM eRkaykarRbKl; vijnUvvtßúx©I eTA[Gñk[x©I . GMLúgeBlenHBMuEmnCaGMLúgeBlEdlRtUvEtdak;BakübNþwgeT . mann½yfa RbsinebIRKan;EtCUndMNwgGMBIqnÞ³GnuvtþsiT§irbs;xøÜneRkAtulakareTA kñúgGMLúgeBl 1 qñaMenH vaCakarRKb;RKan; ehIy edIm,IkuM[rMlt;siT§iTamTarenaH . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


CMBUkTI 7 GaNtþi

¬kMNt;¦ CMBUkTI 7 enH EcgGMBIkic©snüaGaNtþi . Rkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa manbBaØtþisþIBIkic©snüaGaNtþi

cMnYn 19 maRta cab;BImaRta 1268 dl;maRta 1286 . RbsinebIeRbobeFobc,ab;énbNþaRbeTsnana manRbeTsCaeRcInEdl)anerobcMbBaØtþisþIBIGaNtþi enAkñúg

83

Rkmrdæb,evNI . ]TahrN_ maRta 643 dl;maRta 565 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un ¬14 maRta¦/ maRta 229 dl;maRta 259 énKnßIsþIBIlT§km μRTB,sm,tþi énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;Cb:un ¬31 maRta¦/ maRta 1984 dl;maRta 2010 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg ¬27 maRta¦/ maRta 1984 dl;maRta 2010 énRkmrdæb,evNI EblhSik ¬27 maRta¦/ maRta 1703 dl;maRta 1741 énRkmrdæb,evNIGuItalI ¬39 maRta¦/ maRta 1709 dl;maRta 1739 énRkmrdæbmevNIeGs,a:j ¬31 maRta¦/ maRta 662 dl;maRta 676 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g; ¬15 maRta¦/ maRta 394 dl;maRta 418 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©rbs;RbeTssVIs ¬26 maRta¦/ maRta 2130 dl;maRta 2185 énRkmrdæb,evNIekbic ¬56 maRta¦ CaGaT× . b:uEnþ enAkñúgRkmrdæb,evNIénRbeTsmYycMnYn bBaØtþisþIBIGaNtþi rab;bBa©ÚlpgEdrnUvbBaØtþisþIBIRbB½n§EdlmanlkçN³ RsedogKñanwgGaNtþi dUcCakartMNag ¬kartMNagEdlc,ab;)ankMNt;¦ ¬Rkmrdæb,evNI)araMg nig ekbic¦ eCIgsar nig dwkCBa¢Ún ¬Rkmrdæb,evNIGuItalI¦ QñÜjkNþal nig QñÜjlk;duM ¬maRta 418 a dl;maRta 418 v énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©rbs;RbeTssVIs¦ .

kñúgcMeNamRkmrdæb,evNIénbNþaRbeTsnana bBaØtþisþIBIGaNtþi énRkmenH RtUv)anerobcMeLIg edayyk Rkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa Rkmrdæb,evNICb:un nig Rkmrdæb,evNI)araMg CaGaT× mkeFVICamUldæancm,g .

maRta 637>- niymn½yénGaNtþi GaNtþisMedAeTAelIkic©snüamYyEdlPaKImçag ehAfa GaNtþiTayk RbKl;

siT§iGMNac[PaKImçageTot ehAfa GaNtþiKahk eFVIkarcat;Ecgkic©karedIm,I GaNtþiTayk .

¬kMNt;¦ ¬1¦ esckþIBisþarsþIBInItikm μ

eyagtammaRta 1268 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa maRtaenHRtUv)aneFVIeLIgCabBaØtþiEdlkMNt; niymn½y . cMeBaHcMNucenH xusKñaBImaRta 643 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un . b:uEnþ Xøafa }kñúgnamxøÜn} nig {tagxøÜn{ EdlRtUv)aneRbIenAkñúgmaRta 1268 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa RtUv)anlubecal . mUlehtuEdleyIgeFVIkarlubecalenH edaysarEtmankarTietonBIGñkc,ab;km<úCafa mindwgCaXøaenHcg;sMedA eTAelIGñkNa[R)akd . elIsBIenHeTAeTot maRtaenHmin)anbBa¢ak;[)anc,as;las;GMBITRmg;énskm μPaB rbs;GaNtþiKahkfa etIeFVIkñúgnamGaNtþiKahk b¤ kñúgnamGaNtþiTaykeT . kñúgn½yenH RkmenHminxus BIRkmrdæb,evNICb:uneT . TRmg;énkartak;EtgXøa KWyktambBaØtþisþIBIniymn½yénkarlk;Tij ¬bBaØtþisþIBI

84

niymn½yénkic©snüaem:Akar nig kic©snüaepSgeTot minRsbnwgTRmg;enHeT¦ . CalT§pl mincaM)ac; erobcMbBaØtþiepSgsþIBIniymn½yénGaNtþiTayk nig GVIeTACaGaNtþiKahkeT .

tamRkmrdæb,evNICb:un xøwmsarénkic©karGaNtþi KWCaskmμPaBKtiyutþ ¬maRta 643¦ ehIykarRbKl; siT§iGMNac[GñkdéTeFVIkic©kareRkABIskm μPaBKtiyutþ ehAfaCa]bGaNtþi ¬maRta 656¦ . b:uEnþ enAkñúg maRtaenH xøwmsarénkic©karGaNtþi minkRmitRtwmskmμPaBKtiyutþeT b:uEnþ manrab;bBa©Úly:agTUlMTUlaynUv {karcat;Ecgkic©kar} . CalT§pl karRbKl;siT§iGMNac[eFVIkic©kareRkABIskm μPaBKtiyutþ k¾RtUv)anbBa©Úl kñúgcMNucGaNtþiEdr ehIymincaM)ac;erobcMbBaØtþiedayELksþIBI]bGaNtþieT . ¬2¦ TMnak;TMngrvagGaNtþi nig kartMNag

kartMNagmann½yfa GanuPaBénskm μPaBrvagGñktMNag nig PaKImçageTot mancMeBaHm©as;siT§i ¬maRta 364¦ . cMeBaHTMnak;TMngrvagm©as;siT§i nig GñktMNag mankrNICaeRcInEdlsiT§itMNagRtUv)anRbKl; tamry³kic©snüaGaNtþi b:uEnþ karRbKl;siT§itMNagminEmnRtUv)anRbKl;tamkic©snüaGaNtþiCanic©kaleLIy ¬sUmemIlmaRta 368¦ . ¬3¦ kic©snüaGaNtþi nig kic©snüakargar

kic©snüakargarbegáItnUvTMnak;TMngbnÞab;bnSM Edltamry³enaH kargarBlkmμenaHRtUv)anpþl;eTAtamkar bgÁab;rbs;nieyaCk . R)ak;QñÜlRtUv)anpþl;[CatémøfñÚreTAnwgkarpþl;kargarBlkmμenaH . pÞúyeTAvij kic©snüaGaNtþiminbegáItnUvTMnak;TMngbnÞab;bnSMrvagGaNtþiTayk nig GaNtþiKahkeT ehIydUcEdl)anEcg enAkñúgmaRta 638 xageRkamenH mincaM)ac;ykkéRmeT . ¬4¦ kic©snüaGaNtþi nig kic©snüaem:Akar

eTaHbICakic©snüaem:AkarTak;TgeTAnwgkarpþl;kargarBlkmμk¾eday k¾eKalbMNgénkic©snüaem:Akar KWeFVI [seRmckic©karEdr . dUecñH RbsinebIkic©karminRtUv)anseRmceT Gñkem:AkarRtUv)ancat;Tukfa min)anGnuvtþ katBVkic© ehIyminGacTamTarkéRm)aneT . pÞúyeTAvij eKalbMNgénkic©snüaGaNtþi KWsMedAdl;kar pþl;kargarBlkmμedaypÞal; ehIyGaNtþiKahkGacTamTarkéRm)an eTaHbICakic©karmin)anseRmck¾eday ¬kñúgkrNIkic©snüaGaNtþiedayykkéRm¦ . ¬5¦ ]TahrN_Cak;lak;énkic©snüaGaNtþi

]TahrN_énkic©snüaGaNtþi mandUcCakrNIEdlelak A RbKl;siT§ilk;Gclnvtßú[eTAelak B . karRbKl;siT§i[eTAemFavIeFVIskm μPaBbNþwg k¾Ca]TahrN_samBaØmYyEdr . TMnak;TMngkic©snüaBüa)al vagRKUeBTü nig GñkCm¶W k¾cat;TukCaGaNtþi b¤ Rbhak;RbEhlKñaeTAnwgGaNtþiEdr .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

85

maRta 643 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1268 nig maRta 1269 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 1984 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg

maRta 638>- eKalkarN_énGaNtþiedayminykkéRm 1-GaNtþiGaceFVIedayykkéRm b¤ minykkéRm)an . ebIBMu)anbgðajqnÞ³

GMBIkareFVIedayykkéRmeT RtUvsn μtfaCaGaNtþiedayminykkéRm . 2-bBaØtþiénmaRta 644 ¬siT§iTamTarkéRmrbs;GaNtþiKahk¦ énRkmenH

RtUvykmkGnuvtþcMeBaHkéRm enAkñúgkrNIénGaNtþiedayykkéRm .

¬kMNt;¦ ¬1¦ eKalKMniténkfaxNÐTI 1

kfaxNÐTI 1 Ecgfa GaNtþiGaceFVIedIm,IykkéRm b¤ minykkéRm)an b:uEnþ RbsinebIminmankarbgðaj GMBIkareFVIGaNtþiedayykkéRmeT nwgRtUvsnμtfaCaGaNtþiedayminykkéRm . dUc)annEcgenAkñúgRkm rdæb,evNICb:un CaeKalkarN_ GaNtþiRtUveFVIeLIgedayminykkéRm . karkMNt;rebobenH KWEp¥kelIITsSn³Ca RbéBNItaMgBIsm½yc,ab;rU:mauMgmk . b:uEnþ karGnuvtþEbbenHminbdiesFmin[eFVIGaNtþiedayykkéRmeT . PaKIGaceFVIGaNtþiedayykkéRm edaykarRBmeRBogKñaeTAvijeTAmk)an . ¬2¦ Gtßn½yénbBaØtþisnμt

vaküxNÐTI 2 énkfaxNÐ 1 CabBaØtþisn μt ehtudUecñH minEmnEtkñúgkrNIEdlmankarbgðajqnÞ³ c,as;las;GMBIkareFVIGaNtþiedayykkéRmb:ueNÑaHeT RBmTaMgkñúgkrNIEdlminmankarbgðajqnÞ³c,as;las; EtmankarRBmeRBogedaytuNðIPaB k¾GaNtþienHk¾RtUv)aneKbkRsayfaCaGaNtþiedayykkéRmEdr . dUecñH RbsinebImankarbBa¢ak;fa PaKITaMgBIrmankarRBmeRBogKña edIm,IeFVIGaNtþiedayykkéRm eTaHbICaeday Cak;lak; b¤ edaytuNðIPaBk¾eday k¾karsn μtfaCaGaNtþiedayminykkéRmRtUv)anbdiesFEdr ehIyGac RtUv)anbkRsayfaCaGaNtþiedayykkéRm . tamsPaBCak;EsþgnaeBlbc©úb,nñ GaNtþiCaeRcInRtUv)an bkRsayfaCaGaNtþiEdlykkéRm .

Tak;TgeTAnwgGaNtþirvagBaNiC¢kr nig BaNiC¢kr bBaØtþiEdlEcgfa CaeKalkarN_ GaNtþiRtUvykkéRm KYrEtbBa©ÚleTAkñúgRkmBaNiC¢km μ ¬b¤ c,ab;Biess¦ ¬sUmemIlmaRta 512 énRkmBaNiC¢kmμCb:un¦ . ¬3¦ eKalKMniténkfaxNÐTI 2

kfaxNÐTI 2 Ecgfa maRta 644 RtUvykmkGnuvtþcMeBaHsiT§iTamTarkéRmrbs;GaNtþiKahk kñúgkrNIén

86

GaNtþiEdlykkéRm . eTaHbICaKμankfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenHk¾eday k¾manPaBc,as;las;fa GaNtþiKahk énGaNtþiEdlykkéRm mansiT§iTamTarkéRm ehIymaRta 644 RtUvykmkGnuvtþEdr b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHRtUv)an eFVIeLIgedIm,IbBa¢ak;[kan;Etc,as; .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ kfaxNÐTI 1 maRta 648 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1270 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta

1986 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg

maRta 639>- PaBcaM)ac;énTRmg;kic©snüa kic©snüaGaNtþiRtUvbegáItedaykarRBmeRBogrbs;PaKIEtb:ueNÑaH .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgfa kic©snüaGaNtþiRtUvbegáIteLIgedaykarRBmeRBogrvagPaKITaMgBIrEtb:ueNÑaH ehIymin

tRmUv[manlixitCalayl½kçN_GkSr Cal½kçx½NÐedIm,IbegáItGanuPaBenaHeT . Rkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa kMNt;fa kic©snüaGaNtþiRtUvEteFVICalayl½kçN_GkSr cMENkÉRkmrdæb,evNICb:un nig Rkmrdæb,evNI)araMgvij Ecgfa kic©snüaGaNtþiRtUvmanGanuPaBedaykarRBmeRBogKñaEtb:ueNÑaH ¬k¾b:uEnþ Rkmrdæb,evNI)araMgtRmUv[ mankarbBa¢ak;edaysakSI¦ .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ maRta 1271 nig maRta 1286 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 1985 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg

maRta 640>- krNIykic©RbugRby½tñrbs;GaNtþiKahk 1-GaNtþiKahk mankrNIykic©cat;Ecgkic©karGaNtþi edayRbugRby½tñ

kñúgnamCaGñkRKb;RKgsucrit edayEp¥ktamGtßn½yénGaNtþi . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHmin

raraMgcMeBaHkarbnßykrNIykic©RbugRby½tñrbs;GaNtþiKahk tamkarRBmeRBog

rbs;PaKIeLIy . 2-kñúgkrNIEdlGaNtþiKahk eFVIpÞúynwgkrNIykic©RbugRby½tñénkfaxNÐ

TI 1 xagelIenH ehIy)aneFVI[mankarxUcxatdl;GaNtþiTayk GaNtþiTaykGac

TamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatenaHBIGaNtþiKahk)an . enAkñúgkrNIenH RbsinebI

87

CaGaNtþiedayminykkéRm tulakarGacbnßycMnYnTwkR)ak;sMNgénkarxUcxat

)an .

¬kMNt;¦ ¬1¦ eKalKMnitkfaxNÐTI 1

vaküxNÐTI 1 énkfaxNÐTI 1 Ecgfa GaNtþiKahkRtUvTTYlnUvkrNIykic©RbugRby½tñ kñúgnamCa GñkRKb;RKgsucrit . {karRbugRby½tñkñúgnamCaGñkRKb;RKgsucrit} enAkñúgenH mann½yfa krNIykic© RbugRby½tñrbs;GaNtþiKahk CakrNIykic©F¶n;F¶r . ehtuplenHKWedaysarEtkic©snüaGaNtþiekIteLIg edaykarTukcitþKñarvagPaKI . niyay[cMeTA GaNtþiKahkEdlCakUnbMNul RtUvbMeBjkrNIykic©RbugRby½tñ kñúgkRmitEdlCaTUeTA GaNtþiKahkRtUv)antRmUv[man eTAtamviC¢aCIv³EdlGaNtþiKahkeFVI zan³EpñksgÁm nig Epñkesdækic©rbs;GaNtþiKahkenaH .

edaysarEtminmanPaBxusKñarvagGaNtþiedayykkéRm nig GaNtþiedayminykkéRm Tak;TgeTAnwg krNIykic©RbugRby½tñrbs;GaNtþiKahk GaNtþiKahkmankrNIykic©RbugRby½tñkñúgnamCaGñkRKb;RKgsucrit dUcKña kñúgkrNIénGaNtþiedayykkéRmkþI b¤ GaNtþiedayminykkéRmkþI . vaCakarFm μta BIeRBaH GaNtþiTaykeFVIGaNtþieTA[GaNtþiKahk edaymankareCOCak;GaNtþiKahkenaH . k¾b:uEnþ cMeBaHsMNg karxUcxat kñúgkrNIénkarbMBankrNIykic©RbugRby½tñrbs;GaNtþiKahk kfaxNÐTI 2 cat;EcgepSgKña rvagGaNtþiedayykkéRm nig GaNtþiedayminykkéRm .

vaküxNÐTI 2 énkfaxNÐTI 1 Ecgfa krNIykic©RbugRby½tñrbs;GaNtþiKahk GacRtUv)anbn§Úrbnßytam karRBmeRBogrvagPaKI)an . eTaHbICavahak;dUcCakarFm μtak¾eday k¾bBaØtþienHRtUv)aneFVIeLIgedIm,IbBa¢ak; kan;Etc,as;EfmeTotEdr . ]TahrN_ enAkñúgkrNIénGaNtþiedayminykkéRm krNIkic©RbugRby½tñrbs; GaNtþiKahknwgGacRtUv)anbn§Úrbnßy)an .

müa:geTot edaysarGaNtþiEp¥kelITMnak;TMngpÞal;énkarTukcitþKñarvagPaKI vaRtUv)anbkRsayfa Ca eKalkarN_ GaNtþiKahkRtUvEtcat;Ecgkic©karedayxøÜnpÞal; . ¬2¦ eKalKMnitkfaxNÐTI 2

vaküxNÐTI 1 énkfaxNÐTI 2 Ecgfa RbsinebIGaNtþiKahkbgá[mankarxUcxatdl;GaNtþiTayk edaysarkarbMBankrNIykic©RbugRby½tñEdl)ankMNt;kñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 GaNtþiKahkRtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkar sgnUvsMNgénkarxUcxatenaHeTAGaNtþiTayk . xøwmsarenHCakarFmμta edayeyagtameKalkarN_TUeTA GMBIkarminGnuvtþkatBVkic© b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHRtUv)aneFVIeLIgkñúgmaRtaenH edayeyageTAtammaRta 1279 én Rkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa ¬kfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 1992 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg k¾maneKalKMnitdUecñHEdr¦ .

88

vaküxNÐTI 2 mansar³sMxan; enARtg;EdlbBaØtþiEdlEcgfa tulakarGacbnßycMnYnTwkR)ak;sMNgénkar xUcxat)an cMeBaHsMNgkarxUcxatedaysarkarbMBankrNIykic©RbugRby½tñ kñúgkrNIGaNtþiedayminyk kéRm . QrelITsSn³smPaBrvagPaKI bBaØtþienH)ankMNt;GMBIPaBxusKña rvagGaNtþiKahkénGaNtþieday ykkéRm nig GaNtþiKahkénGaNtþiedayminykkéRm . eTaHbICaRkmrdæb,evNICb:unminmanbBaØtþiEbb dUecñHk¾eday k¾RkumGñkc,ab;xøHTTYl\T§iBlBIkarsikSac,ab;eRbobeFob eFVIkarbkRsayfa kñúgkrNIénGaNtþi edayykkéRm karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;GaNtþiKahk kñúgkarsgsMNgkarxUcxat KYrEtRtUv)anbn§Úrbnßy . TsSn³enHRtUv)andak;bBa©ÚleTAkñúgvaküxNÐTI 2 énkfaxNÐTI 2 .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ maRta 644 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1280 maRta 1278 ¬vaküxNÐTI2¦ nig maRta 1279

énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 1992 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg

maRta 641>- krNIykic©raykarN_ rbs;GaNtþiKahk ebImankarTamTarrbs;GaNtiþTayk GaNtþiKahkRtUvraykarN_GMBIsßan-

PaBénkic©karcat;EcgGaNtþi eTaHbIenAeBlNak¾eday b¤ RtUvraykarN_GMBI ehtukarN_enaHedayK μankaryWty:av enAeRkayeBlEdl)anbBa©b;GaNtþiehIy .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHdak;bnÞúkelIGaNtþiKahknUvkrNIykic©raykarN_GMBIsßanPaBGMBIkarcat;Ecgkic©karGaNtþi

EdlCakrNIykicbnÞab;bnSMP¢ab;nwgkarcat;Ecgkic©karGaNtþi EdlCaeKalbMNgedIménGaNtþi . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 645 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1277 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 1993 én Rkmrdæb,evNI)araMg

maRta 642>- krNIykic©RbKl; rbs;GaNtþiKahk 1-GaNtþiKahkRtUvRbKl;R)ak; nig vtßúepSg²eTotEdlTTYl)antamkar

cat;Ecgkic©karGaNtþi [eTAGaNtþiTayk . GaNtþiKahkk¾RtUvRbKl;plEdl

RbmUl)an[eTAGaNtþiTaykpgEdr .

89

2-siT§iEdlGaNtþiKahk)anlT§kmμenAkñúgnamrbs;xøÜnedIm,IGaNtþiTayk

RtUvepÞrsiT§ienaH[eTAGaNtþiTayk .

¬kMNt;¦ dUcKñaeTAnwgmaRta 641 xagelIenHEdr maRtaenHEcgGMBIkrNIykic©bnÞab;bnSMrbs;GaNtþiKahk kñúgkar

RbKl;R)ak; nig vtßúepSgeTotEdlGaNtþiKahkTTYl)an enAkñúgdMeNIrkarénkarcat;Ecgkic©karGaNtþi ¬rYm TaMgplEdl)anTTYl¦ [eTAGaNtþiTayk . cMeBaHsiT§iEdlGaNtþiKahk)aneFVIlT§km μ enAkñúgnamrbs;xøÜn edIm,IGaNtþiTayk k¾dUcKñaenHpgEdr .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ maRta 646 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1278 ¬vaküxNÐTI 1¦ énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/


maRta 643>- krNIykic©sgsMNgénkarxUcxatrbs;GaNtþiKahkEdl)an

eRbIR)ak; RbsinebIGaNtþiKahk)aneRbIR)ak;EdlRtUvRbKl;eTA[GaNtþiTayk b¤

)aneRbIR)ak;EdlTukeRbIsRmab;plRbeyaCn_enaH edIm,IxøÜn RtUvbg;karR)ak;eday

Kitcab;BIéf¶Edl)aneRbIR)ak;enaH . RbsinebImankarxUcxat RtUvTTYlxusRtUvsg

sMNgenaH .

¬kMNt;¦ edaysarEtR)ak;EdlGaNtþiKahkTTYl)anBIttiyCnkñúgGMLúgeBlcat;Ecgkic©karGaNtþiKYrEtCaRTBü

sm,tþirbs;GaNtþiTayk ehIymaRtaenHEcgGMBIkrNIykic©sgkarxUcxateTA[GaNtþiTayk RbsinebI GaNtþiKahkeRbIR)as;R)ak;enaH . GaNtþiKahkmankrNIykic©sgkarxUcxatminEmnRtwmEtkarR)ak;kñúgGMLúg eBlénkaryWtya:vb:ueNÑaHeT EtEfmTaMgsRmab;karxUcxatdéTepSg²eTotpgEdr . bBaØtþienH xusKñaBIeKal karN_énkarxUcxatFm μta EdlTak;TgeTAnwgkatBVkic©CaR)ak;ÉeTot ¬maRta 399¦ .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ maRta 647 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un nig maRta 1996 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg

maRta 644>- siT§iTamTarkéRmrbs;GaNtþiKahk

90

1-GaNtþiKahk BMuGacTamTarkéRmcMeBaHGaNtþiTayk)aneLIy kñúgkrNI EdlBMu)ankMNt;CaBiess kñúgkic©snüa .

2-enAkñúgkrNIénGaNtþiedayykkéRm GaNtþiKahkminGacTamTarkéRm

)aneLIy ebImin)anbBa©b;karGnuvtþkrNIykic©EdlRtUvtamGaNtþienaHrYcehIy

eT . b:uEnþ ebI)ankMNt;kéRmtamGMLúgeBl GacTamTar)an enAeRkayeBlEdl

GMLúgeBlenaH)anknøgput . 3-ebIGaNtþiRtUv)anbB©ab;karGnuvtþ enABak;kNþalTI edaysarmUlehtu

EdlminEmnCakarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;GaNtþiKahk GaNtþiKahkGacTamTarkéRm

)antamsmamaRténPaKEdl)anGnuvtþrYcehIyenaH .

¬kMNt;¦ dUc)anEcgenAkñúgmaRta 638 CaeKalkarN_ kic©snüaGaNtþiminykkéRm b:uEnþ maRtaenHEcgGMBI

siT§iTamTarkéRm kñúgkrNIénGaNtþiedayykkéRm nig kMNt;GMBIeKalkarN_énkarbg;kéRmtameRkay . maRtaenH k¾)anEcgpgEdrfa RbsinebIGaNtþiRtUv)anbBa©b;enABak;kNaþalTI edaysarmUlehtuEdlminEmn CakarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;GaNtþiKahk GaNtþiKahkGacTamTarkéRm)antamsmamaRténPaKEdl)anGnuvtþ rYcehIy . kñúgkic©snüaem:Akar Gñkem:AkarmankrNIykic©seRmckargar ¬katBVkic©seRmclT§pl¦ ehIy RbsinebIkic©snüaRtUv)anbBa©b;enABak;kNþalTI edaymin)anseRmckargar enaHGñkem:AkarTTYlbnÞúknUv haniP½yenH ¬mann½yfa Gñkem:AkarminGacTamTarkéRmBIm©as;kar)aneLIy¦ . rIÉcMeBaHkrNIkic©snüa GaNtþivij edaysarGaNtþiKahkmankrNIykic©cat;Ecgkic©karGaNtþi edayRbugRby½tñkñúgnamCaGñk RKb;RKgsucrit edayEp¥ktamGtßn½yénGaNtþi b:uEnþ minmankrNIykic©seRmckic©karGaNtþi[cb;sBVRKb;eT ¬katBVkic©pþl;meFüa)ay¦ eTaHbICakic©karGaNtþi RtUv)anbBa©b;enABak;kNþalTIk¾eday k¾GaNtþiKahkman siT§iTamTarkéRmkñúgTMhMsmrmüEdr . kñúgn½yenH GaNtþixusKñaxøaMgBIkic©snüaem:Akar .


maRta 645>- krNIykic©bg;esah‘uyCamunrbs;GaNtþiTayk RbsinebImantRmUvkarcaM)ac;elIesah‘uysRmab;karcat;Ecgkic©karGaNtþi

GaNtþiTaykRtUvbg;esah‘uyenaHCamun tamkarTamTarrbs;GaNtþiKahk .

91

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIkrNIykic©rbs;GaNtþiTayk kñúgkarbg;esah‘uyeTA[GaNtþiKahksRmab;karcat;Ecg

kic©karGaNtþi . eTaHbICaGaNtþiedayykkéRmk¾eday b¤ minykkéRmk¾eday RbsinebIGaNtþiKahkTamTar esah‘uy k¾GaNtþiTaykRtUvbg;esah‘uyenaHCamun . karEcgEbbenH KWedayQrelIeKalKMnitmYyfa kardak; bnÞúkBiessNamYyelIGaNtþiKahk Edlcat;Ecgkic©karGaNtþisRmab;GaNtþiTayk manPaBminsmrmü .


maRta 646>- siT§iTamTar[sgmkvij CaGaT× nUvesah‘uyrbs;GaNtþiKahk 1-RbsinebI)ancMNayR)ak;EdlTTYlsÁal;facaM)ac;sRmab;eFVIkarcat;

Ecgkic©karGaNtþi GaNtþiKahkGacTamTarcMeBaHGaNtþiTayk[sgmkvij nUv esah‘uy nig karR)ak;)an edayKitcab;BIeRkayéf¶Edl)ancMNayesah‘uyenaH .

2-RbsinebI)anTTYlbnÞúkkatBVkic©EdlTTYlsÁal;facaM)ac;sRmab;eFVI karcat;Ecgkic©karGaNtþi GaNtþiKahkGac[GaNtþiTayksgkatBVkic©enaH CMnYsxøÜn b¤ ebIBMuTan;dl;kMNt;eBlEdlRtUvsgkatBVkic©enaHeT Gac[dak; R)atiePaKEdlsmrmü)an .

3-RbsinebI)anTTYlkarxUcxat EdlminEmnbNþalmkBIkMhusrbs;xøÜn

enAkñúgkarcat;Ecgkic©karGaNtþieT GaNtþiKahkGacTamTarsMNgenaH BIGaNtþi-Tayk)an . b:uEnþ RbsinebIkarxUcxatenaH ekIteLIgedayectna b¤ kMhusrbs; ttiyCn GaNtþiKahkGacTamTarsMNgcMeBaHGaNtþiTayk)an RtwmkRmitEdl

BMu)anTTYlsMNgBIttiyCnenaHEtb:ueNÑaH .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenH ¬CaBiesskfaxNÐTI 1 nig kfaxNÐTI 2¦ maneKalbMNgdUcKñanwgeKalbMNgénmaRta 645

xagelIenHEdr . karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;GaNtþiTaykEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 3 KWCakarTTYlxusRtUv edayK μankMhus mann½yfa eTaHbICaGNtþiTaykK μankMhusk¾eday k¾RtUvTTYlxusRtUvEdr ¬mincaM)ac;man kMhusrbs;GaNtþiTayk edIm,ITamTar[GaNtþiTaykTTYlxusRtUveT¦.

92

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ maRta 650 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1281 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 1999 maRta

2001 nig maRta 2000 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg

maRta 647>- karrMlaykic©snüaGaNtþi 1-PaKInImYy² GacrMlaykic©snüaGaNtþi enAeBlNak¾)an . 2-PaKImçagRtUvsgsMNgénkarxUcxat RbsinebI)anrMlaykic©snüaGaNtþi

enAkñúgGMLúgeBlEdleFVI[xUcplRbeyaCn_cMeBaHPaKImçageTot . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienH minRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy RbsinebImanmUlehtuEdlminGaceCosvag)an .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHbBa¢ak;ya:gc,as;las;fa kic©snüaGaNtþiKWBwgEp¥kelITMnak;TMngpÞal;énkarTukcitþrvagKUPaKI .

PaKInImYy²GacrMlaykic©snüaGaNtþi enAeBlNak¾)an . cMNucenH KWCaGBaØRtkmμd¾BiessmYy cMeBaH eKalkarN_ {kic©snüaRtUvEteKarBtam ¬pacta sunt servanda¦} . karrMlayenH GaceFVI)aneday GaNtþiTaykpg edayGaNtþiKahkpg ehIyk¾GaceFVI)anEdr edaymincaM)ac;manehtuplsmrmüeLIy . b:uEnþ RbsinebIPaKINa)anrMlaykic©snüaGaNtþienAkñúgGMLúgeBlEdleFVI[xUcplRbeyaCn_rbs;PaKImçageTot PaKIenaHRtUvsgsMNgénkarxUcxat .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ maRta 651 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1283 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 2004 nig


maRta 648>- karrMlaykic©snüaEdlBuMmanGanuPaBRbtiskmμ enAkñúgkrNIEdl)anrMlaykic©snüaGaNtþi GanuPaBénkarrMlaykic©snüa

enaHekItmaneLIgedayeq<aHeTAGnaKtEtb:ueNÑaH . b:uEnþ krNIenHBMuraraMgelIkar TamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatcMeBaHkarrMlaykic©snüaenaHeLIy RbsinebIPaKINa mçagmankMhus .

¬kMNt;¦ CaeKalkarN_ RbsinebIkic©snüaRtUv)anrMlay GanuPaBénkarrMlayenaHmanRbtiskm μ ehIykic©snüa

93

enaHRtUvcat;Tukfa KμantaMgEtBIdMbUgmk . PaKITaMgsgxagk¾RtUvrYcputBIkrNIkic©kñúgkic©snüaEdr . RbsinebI katBVkic©RtUv)anGnuvtþrYcehIy PaKIEdl)anTTYlkarGnuvtþkatBVkic©enaH RtUveFVIbdiTan ¬maRta 411¦ . b:uEnþ edaysarkic©snüaGaNtþiCakic©snüaCabnþ maRtaenHEcgfa GanuPaBénkarrMlayenaHekItmaneLIgedayeq<aH eTAGnaKtEtb:ueNÑaH ehIyminmanGanuPaBRbtiskm μ dUckic©snüaCabnþepSgeToteT ¬]TahrN_ maRta 617 sþIBIPtisnüa¦ .

¬maRtaeyag¦ maRta 652 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un

maRta 649>- mUlehtuénkarbBa©b;GaNtþi 1-eRkABIkarrMlaykic©snüaGaNtþiedaybBaØtþiénmaRta 647 ¬karrMlay

kic©snüaGaNtþi¦ énRkmenH GaNtþiRtUvbBa©b;edaymUlehtudUcxageRkamenH ³ k-RbsinebIGaNtþiTayk b¤ GaNtþiKahk )anTTYlmrNPaB . x-RbsinebIGaNtþiTayk b¤ GaNtþiKahk RtUv)anRbkasFnkS½y . K-RbsinebIGaNtþiTaykRtUv)anTTYlkarRbkaskarcab;epþImGaNa-

Büa)alTUeTA b¤ karRbkaskarcab;epþImhitUbtßmÖ . X-RbsinebIGaNtþiKahk RtUv)anTTYlkarRbkaskarcab;epþImGaNa-

Büa)alTUeTA b¤ karRbkascab;epþImhitUbtßmÖ . g-RbsinebIGaNtþiTayk b¤ GaNtþiKahkEdlCanItibuKÁl )anrlay . c-RbsinebIGaNtþiTayk b¤ GaNtþiKahkEdlCanItibuKÁl )anrYm

bBa©ÚlCamYynItibuKÁlepSg . q-RbsinebImUlehtuepSg²Edl)ankMNt;tamkarRBmeRBogrbs;PaKI

)anekIteLIg . 2-PaKIGacRBmeRBogGMBIkarN_EdlGaNtþiminbBa©b; eTaHbICamUlehtu

Edl)ankMNt;cab;BIcMNuc k dl; cMNuc c énkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH )anekIt

eLIgk¾eday . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy cMeBaHmrNPaBrbs; GaNtþiKahk karcab;epþImGaNaBüa)alTUeTAsRmab;GaNtþiKahk b¤ karrlay

94

b¤ karbBa©ÚlénGaNtþiKahkEdlCanItibuKÁl .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHbBa¢ak;GMBImUlehtuénkarbBa©b;GaNtþi . k¾b:uEnþ edaysarEtbBaØtþiTaMgenHminEmnCabBaØtþiEdl

RtUvGnuvtþCadac;xateT ¬KWCa default provisions¦ PaKIGacRBmeRBogKñaepSgBIenH)an mann½yfa PaKIGac snüa)anEdrfa eTaHbICamanmUlehtuNamYykñúgcMeNammUlehtuEdl)ankMNt;kñúgmaRtaenHk¾eday k¾GaNtþi minbBa©b;Edr . elIsBIenHeTAeTot PaKIk¾GacykehtuepSgeTot eRkABImUlehtuEdl)ankMNt;kñúgmaRtaenH mkbBa©ÚlnUvmUlehtuénkarbBa©b;GaNtþi kñúgkic©snüarbs;xøÜ)anEdr . edIm,IbBa¢ak;[kan;Etc,as;BIlkçN³ mindac;xaténmaRtaenH cMNuc q énkfaxNÐTI 1 nig kfaxNÐTI 2 RtUv)anerobcMeLIg . b:uEnþ RbsinebIGaNtþiKahkTTYlmrNPaB nwgminmanGñkcat;Ecgkic©karGaNtþieToteLIy dUecñH kic©snüaGaNtþi RtUvEtbBa©b; . kñúgn½yenH karRBmeRBogNaepSgBIcMNucenH minGaceFVIeTA)aneT . ehtudUecñH mrNPaB karrMlay b¤ karbBa©ÚlKñaénGaNtþiKahk minRtUv)anrab;bBa©ÚlfaCamUlehtusRmab;karRBmeRBogepSgeT edaycat;Tukfa GaNtþiRtUvbBa©b;edaysV½yRbvtþi ¬bBaØtþienHminraraMgdl;nItibuKÁlfμIEdlekIteLIgeRkay karrYmbBa©ÚlKñaénnItibuKÁl cMeBaHkarbegáItnUvkic©snüaGaNtþifμ I edIm,IbnþGaNtþiteTAeToteT¦ .

cMNuc K minmanenAkñúgRkmrdæb,evNICb:uneT b:uEnþ RtUv)anbBa©ÚlenAkñúgmUlehtuénkarbBa©b;GaNtþi tamRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg nig c,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©rbs;RbeTssVIs . b:uEnþ RbsinebIeTAéf¶xagmux RbeTskm<úCa begáItRbB½n§GaNaBüa)alTUeTAedaysμ ½RKcitþ dUcenARbeTsCb:un PaKInwgGacRBmeRBogKñadkecjnUvcMNuc K enH BImUlehtuénkarbBa©b;GaNtþi)an .

xusKñaBIRkmrdæb,evNICb:un cMeBaHcMNuc X edIm,I[mantulüPaBKñaCamYycMNuc K minRtwmEtkarcab;epþIm GaNaBüa)alTUeTAb:ueNÑaHeT KWkarcab;epþImhitUbtßmÖpgEdr RtUv)andak;bBa©Úl kñúgmUlehtuénkarbBa©b;GaNtþi ¬Rkmrdæb,evNICb:undak;bBa©ÚlEtkarcab;epþImGaNaBüa)alTUeTAb:ueNÑaH RbEhlCaedaysarEtPaBsIusgVak; KñaCamYybBaØtþiEdlEcgfa buKÁlEdlRtUv)ankRmitsmtßPaB GackøayCaGñktMNag)an¦ .

müa:geTot bBaØtþiCak;lak;Bak;B½n§eTAnwgkrNIEdlPaKINamYyCanItibuKÁl RtUv)anerobcMeLIg ¬cMNuc g nig cMNuc c¦ . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 653 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1285 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 2003 én Rkmrdæb,evNI)araMg

95

maRta 650>- krNIykic©se®gÁaHbnÞan; rbs;GaNtþiKahk enAeRkayeBl

bBa©b;GaNtþi enAkñúgkrNIEdl)anbBa©b;GaNtþiehIy RbsinebImansßanPaBbnÞan;

GaNtþiKahk snþtiCn b¤ GñktMNagEdlc,ab;)ankMNt;rbs;GaNtþiKahkenaH RtUveFVIkarcat;EcgEdlcaM)ac;rhUtdl;eBlEdlGaNtþiTayk snþtiCn b¤ Gñk

tMNagEdlc,ab;)ankMNt;rbs;GaNtþiTaykenaH Gaccat;karkic©karenaH)an .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHmaneKalbMNgkarBarGaNtþiTayk BIkarrgkarxUcxatEdlekIteLIgedaysarehtukarN_Na

mYyEdlminGacBüakr)an kñúgGMLúgeBlcab;BIkarbBa©b;GaNtþi rhUtdl;GaNtþiTayk b¤ GñkepSgeTot TTYlbnþnUvkarcat;Ecgkic©GaNtþi .


maRta 651>- l½kçx½NÐttaMgénkarbBa©b;GaNtþi mUlehtuénkarbBa©b;GaNtþi eTaHbICamUlehtuenaHekIteLIgcMeBaHGaNtþi-

Taykk¾eday b¤ cMeBaHGaNtþiKahkk¾eday BMuGacykmkttaMgCamYynwgPaKI mçageTot)aneLIy ebImin)anCUndMNwgeTA[PaKImçageTot b¤ ebIPaKImçageTotBMu )andwgGMBImUlehtuenaHeT .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHmaneKalbMNgkarBarPaKIénkic©snüaGaNtþiEdlmindwgGMBIkarbBa©b;GaNtþi BIehtukarN_Edl

minGacBüakr)an EdlGacekIteLIgedaysarkarbBa©b;nUvGaNtþienaH . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


CMBUkTI 8 kic©snüaem:Akar

maRta 652>- niymn½yénkic©snüaem:Akar

96

kic©snüaem:Akar sMedAeTAelIkic©snüamYy EdlPaKImçagmankrNIykic© seRmckargarEdl)anRBmeRBog ehIyPaKImçageTotmankrNIykic©pþl;kéRm

cMeBaHlT§plénkargarEdl)aneFVIenaH .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIniymn½yénkic©snüaem:Akar EdlbBa¢ak;c,as;las;fa kñúgkic©snüaem:AkarenH eKsgát;

F¶n;enARtg;cMNucfa Gñkem:AkarRtUveFVIkaredIm,IseRmckargarNamYy . kic©snüaem:AkarenH maneRcInRbePTNas; dUcCa kic©snüasg;nava kic©snüae)akG‘ut kic©snüaCYsCul

kic©snüaeFVI)azkfa kic©snüadwkCBa¢Ún kic©snüaem:Akarsagsg; CaGaT× . kic©snüaem:Akar caM)ac;mankéRmcMeBaHkareFVIkargar ehtudUecñH ]TahrN_ kic©snüaeFVI)azkfaedaymin

ykkéRmvij tamniymn½y BMuEmnCakic©snüaem:AkareT . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 653>- eBlEdlRtUvbg;kéRm kéRmRtUvbg;dMNalKñanwgkarRbKl;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénkargar . ebIBMucaM)ac;

kñúgkarRbKl;vtßúeT eRkayBI)anseRmckargarehIy Gñkem:AkarGacTamTar[bg; kéRm)an .

¬kMNt;¦ bBaØtþienHEcgGMBIeBlEdlRtUvbg;kéRm . kñúgkrNIEdlGñkem:AkarcaM)ac;RtUvRbKl;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúén

kargar kéRmRtUvbg;RBmCamYyKñanwgeBlEdl)anRbKl;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúenaH ehIykñúgkrNIEdlmincaM)ac; RbKl;vtßúeT Gñkem:AkarGacTamTar[bg;kéRm)an eRkayeBl)anseRmckargar . b:uEnþ tamPaBCak;Esþg mankrNICaeRcInEdlGñkem:AkarBMuEmnCaGñkmanFnFanRKb;RKan; edIm,Ibg;esah‘uyCMnYsCamunTaMgGs; rhUt dl;seRmckargarenaH . müa:geTot Gñkem:Akarmankar)armÖfa etIm©as;karc,as;Canwgbg;kéRm[xøÜnb¤eT eBlseRmckargar . tamFm μta Ca]TahrN_ kñúgkrNIem:Akarsagsg;pÞH PaKIeRcIneFVIkic©RBmeRBogbg; kéRmmþg eBlcab;epþImsagsg; mþgeTot eBleFVIeRKagpÞH nig bg;kéRmEdlenAsl; eBlsagsg;rYc ehIyRbKl;sMNg; CaGaT× .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

97


maRta 654>- krNIykic©seRmckargaredayKμanvikar³ 1-Gñkem:Akar mankrNIykic©seRmckargaredayK μanvikar³cMeBaHm©as;kar . 2-ebIkargarBMumanlkçN³dUc)anRBmeRBogeT RtUvcat;Tukfa Cakargarman

vikar³ . kñúgkrNIEdlmin)anRBmeRBogGMBIlkçN³ ebIkargarenaHBMuRtwmRtUvkñúg

kareRbIR)as;Edl)ansnμtenAkñúgkic©snüa b¤ kñúgkrNIEdlBMu)ansnμtenAkñúg

kic©snüaénkareRbIR)as;Edl)ankMNt; ebIkargarenaHminRtwmRtUvkñúgkareRbIR)as; CaRbRktIeT RtUvcat;Tukfa Cakargarmanvikar³ .

3-RbsinebIGñkem:Akar)aneFVIkarpÞúynwgkarbBa¢a b¤ ebIkargarEdl)aneFVI enaHminRKb;cMnYneT RtUvcat;Tukfa Cakargarmanvikar³ .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenH)anEcgc,as;las;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 GMBIkrNIykic©rbs;Gñkem:Akar kñúgkarseRmckargar

edayK μanvikar³ . dUecñH karTTYlxusRtUvEdlGñkem:AkarRtUvTTYlbnÞúkkñúgkrNIEdlkargarenaHmanvikar³ KWCaRbePTmYyénkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkarminGnuvtþkatBVkic© . bBaØtþiCaeRcInxageRkamenH EcglMGitc,as; las;GMBIkarGnuvtþnUveKalkarN_TUeTAénkarminGnuvtþkatBVkic© cMeBaHkrNIEdlkargarem:Akarmanvikar³ .

kfaxNÐTI 2 nig kfaxNÐTI 3 énmaRtaenH EcgGMBIbTdæansRmab;vinicä½yfa etIkñúgkrNINaeTIbcat;Tukfa kargarmanvikar³ .

]TahrN_ kñúgkrNIénkic©snüaem:Akarsagsg;GaKar Edl)anRBmeRBoglabCBa¢aMgBN’Bgman; EtRbsin ebIlabBN’seTAvij eTaHbICaBN’sk¾eday BN’Bgman;k¾eday k¾K μanbBaðaGVIEdredIm,Irs;enA b:uEnþ BuMman lkçN³dUckic©RBmeRBogeT ehtuenHehIy RtUvcat;Tukfa kargarmanvikar³ ¬vaküxNÐTI 1 énkfaxNÐTI 2¦ . müa:geTot kñúgkrNIEdl)aneTAhagkat;exaGav [eKkat;exaGavFMsRmab;rdUvrgar edIm,IeTARbeTsCb:un enA rdUvrgar EtRbsinebIhagkat;edr)ankat;exaGavFMsRmab;rdUvekþA dUcenARbeTskm<úCa kargarenaHminRtwmRtUv kñúgkareRbIR)as;Edl)ansn μtenAkñúgkic©snüaeT ehtuenHehIy eTaHbICaexaGavFMenaH edr)anl¥ya:gNa k¾eday k¾kargarenaHmanvikar³Edr ¬RbeyaKxagedIménvaküxNÐTI 2 kfaxNÐTI 2¦ . elIsBIenH Gñkem:Akar

A )ansagsg;pÞHelIdIrbs;m©as;kar B ehIyeRkayeBlRbKl;pÞHenaHeTA[ B RbsinebITwkePøóg)anRCab BIBitan enArdUvePøóg ehIyelcTwkePøóg eTaHbICaBMumankarsn μtGMBIkareRbIR)as;Biesskñúgkic©snüak¾eday

98

tamFmμta pÞHEdlelcTwkePøóg minGaceRbIR)as;CaRbRktI)aneLIy dUecñH kargarenHRtUv)ancat;TukfaCa kargarmanvikar³ ¬RbeyaKxageRkayénvaküxNÐTI 2 kfaxNÐTI 2 ¦ .

kfaxNÐTI 3 CabBaØtþifa kñúgkrNI dUcCa krNIEdlm©as;kar)anbBa¢a[hagkat;exaGav kat;exa EteKEbr Cakat;sMBt;eTAvij kargarenaHk¾manvikar³Edr . minRtwmEtb:ueNÑaHeT kñúgkrNIEdllkçN³énkargarmanKmøat ya:gxøaMgBIkic©snüa edayc,as;CaminGacTTYlsÁal;faCakarGnuvtþkic©snüaTal;EtesaH etIRtUvGnuvtþtam bBaØtþiénCMBUkenH b¤ RtUvGnuvtþtamEtbBaØtþiénCMBUkTI 4 énKnßIsþIBIkatBVkic© bBaðaenH sUmTuk[mankarbkRsay nig karGnuvtþ naGnaKt . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

kfaxNÐTI 1 nwg 2 maRta 633 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;

maRta 655>- karTamTar[GnuvtþkargareBjelj 1-ebIkargarmanvikar³ m©as;karGacTamTarcMeBaHGñkem:Akar [Gnuvtþkargar

eBjelj edaykMNt;GMLúgeBlsmrmü)an . kñúgkrNIenH Gñkem:AkarGacCYs

Culvikar³énkargarenaH b¤ GaceFVIkargarenaHsaCaf μIeLIgvij edayEp¥ktamkar eRCIserIs)an .

2-ebIkarGnuvtþkargar[eBjeljenH caM)ac;RtUvcMNayesah‘uyeRcInhYs

ehtu ebIeRbobeFobeTAnwgkarxUcxatplRbeyaCn_edayvikar³enaH Gñkem:AkarGac

bdiesF)an . 3-ebIGñkem:Akar)ancab;epþImeFVIkargarenaHeLIgvij Gñkem:AkarenaHGacTam

Tar[m©as;karsgkargarEdlmanvikar³mkvij)an .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIkarTamTar[GnuvtþkargareBjelj kñúgkrNIEdlkargarmanvikar³ . karGnuvtþkargar

eBjelj EdleRbIkñúgenH mann½yfaCaTsSn³mYy rYmTaMgkarCYsCulnUvvikar³ nig kareFVIkargareLIgvij . vaküxNÐTI 2 énkfaxNÐTI 1 pþl;nUvCeRmIssþIBIviFIdkvikar³ecj eTAGñkem:Akar kñúgkrNIEdlkargar

manvikar³ ehIyRbsinCaGñkem:AkarmanbMNgcg;eFVIkargareLIgvij CaeKalkarN_ bBaØtþienHGnuBaØat[eFVIeLIg vij . ]TahrN_ kñúgkrNIEdl)an[kat;exaGavsRmab;rdUvrgar EtEbrCakat;exaGavsRmab;rdUvekþAeTAvij karEkexaGavsRmab;rdUvekþA [eTACaexaGavsRmab;rdUvrgar minGaceFVI)an b¤ RtUvkareBlevlaya:geRcIn .

99

kñúgkrNIenH karkat;f μ ICakargayRsYlCag ehtuenHehIy bBaØtþienHpþl;nUvCeRmIseFVICaf μ I . müa:geTot kfaxNÐTI 2 KWCabBaØtþisRmab;GnuvtþkñúgkrNIEdlCa]TahrN_ ³ GaKarEdlRtUveRbI\dæ k¾b:uEnþ

kñúgenaH maneRbIRcLM\dæmYyduMEdlmanBN’epSgBIeK . k¾b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIenH RbsinebIbþÚr\dæEdlmanBN’xuseK enaH tambec©keTs RtUvvaybMEbkCBa¢aMgenACMuvijenaHsin ehIyRtUveFVI[Gs;esah‘uyya:geRcInpg . \dæmYy dMuBN’xuseK minEmnCavikar³F¶n;F¶rb:unμaneT RKan;EtminsUvl¥emIlbnþicb:ueNÑaH . EfmTaMgcMNaysRmab;kar CYsCuleRcInRCul minsmrmünwgTm¶n;énvikar³pg . kñúgkrNIenH minGacTamTar[CYsCuleLIgvijeT ehIyenHKWCaeKalKMniténkfaxNÐTI 2 .

kfaxNÐTI 3 KWCabBaØtþikMNt;GMBIkrNIdUcCa kñúgkrNIkat;exaGavEdl)anelIkeLIgxagelIenH RbsinebI hagkat;edr)ankat;exaGavFMsRmab;rdUvrgarvij Gñkkat;exaGavGacTTYl)anenAexaGavFMsRmab;rdUvekþAEdl xøÜn)anRbKl;eTAm©as;kar ehIyenHKWCakarFm μta . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 634 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 634 nig 635 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;

maRta 656>- karCYsCulvikar³edaym©as;kar 1-enAeRkayeBlEdlGMLúgeBlsmrmüEdl)ankMNt;edIm,IGnuvtþkargar

[eBjeljenaH )anknøgputehIy m©as;karGacCYsCulvikar³edayxøÜnÉgpÞal; ehIyGacTamTaresah‘uyEdlcaM)ac;elIkarCYsCulvikar³enaH BIGñkem:Akar)an .

2-kñúgkrNIEdlkarGnuvtþkargar[eBjelj min)anseRmc b¤ kñúgkrNI Edlvaytémøfa karGnuvtþkargar[eBjeljedayGñkem:Akar nwgeFVI[mankarxUc

xatplRbeyaCn_edayminRtwmRtUv cMeBaHm©as;kar m©as;karGacCYsCulvikar³ edayxøÜnÉg ehIyGacTamTaresah‘uyEdlcaM)ac;kñúgkarCYsCulvikar³ BIGñk

em:Akar)an . 3-kñúgkrNIénkfaxNÐTI 1 nig TI 2 xagelIenH m©as;karGacTamTar

cMeBaHGñkem:Akar [bg;esah‘uyEdlcaM)ac; elIkarCYsCulvikar³Camun)an . 4-bBaØtþiénkfaxNçTI 1 TI 2 nig TI 3 xagelIenH minRtUvykmkGnuvtþ

eLIy ebIGñkem:Akar)anbdiesFkarGnuvtþkargar[eBjelj eyagtambBaØtþi énkfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 655 ¬karTamTar[GnuvtþkargareBjelj¦xagelIenH .

100

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIkarCYsCulvikar³edaym©as;kar . kfaxNÐTI 1 KWCabBaØtþiEcgedaymanxøwmsarfa ]TahrN_ kñúgkrNIEdlm©as;kar)an[Gñkem:AkareFVIpÞH

k¾b:uEnþ pÞHenaHelcTwkePøóg m©as;karGacdas;etOn[Gñkem:Akarsagsg;[GnuvtþkargareBjelj edaykMNt; GMLúgeBlsmrmümYy EtRbsinebIGñkem:AkarBMu)anGnuvtþkargareBjelj eTaHbICaGMLúgeBlenaH)anknøg putehIyk¾eday enaHm©as;karGacCYsCulkEnøgelcTwkePøógedayxøÜnÉg)an b¤ Gac[CagpÞHepSgeTot CaGaT× CYsCul ehIyGacTamTaresah‘uyénkarCYsCulenaHBIGñkem:Akar)an .

kñúgkrNIEdlGñkem:A)anbraC½ykñúgkarCYsCul b¤ eFVIeLIgvij nwgmanbBaðafa etIRtUvcat;Ecgya:gNa ehtudUecñH kfaxNÐTI 2 RtUv)anerobcMeLIgedIm,IbBa¢ak;GMBIcMNucenH .

kfaxNÐTI 3 KWCabBaØtþiEcgTTYlsÁal;[m©as;karTamTar[bg;Camun nUvesah‘uyEdlcaM)ac;sRmab;kar CYsCulvikar³ .

dUcEdl)anEcgkñúgkfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRta 655 {ebIkarGnuvtþkargar[eBjeljenH caM)ac;RtUvcMNay esah‘uyeRcInhYsehtu ebIeRbobeFobeTAnwgkarxUcxatplRbeyaCn_edayvikar³enaH Gñkem:AkarGacbdiesF )an} . kñúgkrNIenH m©as;karEdlRtUvGñkem:AkarbdiesFkarGnuvtþkargareBjeljenaH )anCYsCuleday xøÜnÉg b¤ )anBwg[CagpÞHepSgeTotCYsCulvikar³enaH ehIy)anTamTaresah‘uyCYsCulenaHcMeBaHGñkem:Akar etIya:gemþcEdr ? RbsinebIGacbdiesFkarCYsCulenaH EtminGacbdiesFnUvkarTamTaresah‘uyCYsCulvij ehIyGñkem:AkarRtUvbg;CaR)ak;nUvesah‘uyeRcInhYsehtuenaH eTA[m©as;kareTA enHKWCakarmYyminsIusgVak;Kña . dUecñHehIy kfaxNÐTI 4 enHEcgfa kñúgkrNIEdlGñkem:Akar)anbdiesFminGnuvtþkargareBjelj edaysar EtRtUvcMNayesah‘uyhYsehtu m©as;karBMuGacTamTaresah‘uyCYsCul b¤ TamTar[bg;CamunnUvesah‘uy CYsCul)aneLIy . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 634 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 637 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;

maRta 657>- siT§irMlayrbs;m©as;kar 1-m©as;kar GacrMlaykic©snüa edayykmUlehtuvikar³énkargar Ep¥k

tambBaØtþiénEpñkTI 4 ¬karrMlaykic©snüa¦ CMBUkTI 4 énKnßITI 4 )an . bBaØtþienH RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr kñúgkrNIEdlkarGnuvtþkargar[eBjelj min)an

101

seRmc b¤ kñúgkrNIEdlvaytémøfa karGnuvtþkargar[eBjeljedayGñkem:Akar nwgeFVI[mankarxUcxatplRbeyaCn_edayminRtwmRtUv cMeBaHm©as;kar .

2-bBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH minRtUvykmkGnuvtþcMeBaHGaKar b¤ sMNg;elIdIepSgeToteLIy . b:uEnþ bBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH RtUvykmk

GnuvtþpgEdr ebIsMNg;enaHBMumantémønwgeRbIR)as; cMeBaHm©as;kar edaysarvikar³ F¶n;F¶reBk .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIsiT§irMlayrbs;m©as;kar edayykvikar³mkeFVICamUlehtu . kfaxNÐTI 1 Ecgfa m©as;karGacrMlaykic©snüa)an tambBaØtþiTUeTAsþIBIkarrMlay énKnßIsþIBIkatBVkic© .

vaküxNÐTI 2 énkfaxNÐTI 1 RtUv)anEcgeLIgedIm,IsRmbsRmYlTMnak;TMngrvagkarGnuvtþkargareBjelj edayGñkem:Akar nig siT§irMlayrbs;m©as;kar ehIy CaeKalkarN_ karGnuvtþkargareBjeljedayGñkem:Akar manGaTiPaBCag k¾b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlmanmUlehtudUcEdl)anEcgkñúgvaküxNÐTI 2 énkfaxNÐTI 1 enH m©as;karGacrMlay)an .

kfaxNÐTI 2 KWCabBaØtþiEdlmanxøwmsarfa kñúgkrNIénkargarsagsg; CaGaT× eTaHCamanvikar³k¾eday k¾m©as;karminGacrMlaykic©snüa ehIyTamTar[sgnUvéføsagsg;)aneLIy KWm©as;karRKan;EtGacTamTar [CYsCul nig¼b¤ TamTarnUvsMNgénkarxUcxatb:ueNÑaH . cMeBaHsMNg;EdlBitCamanvikar³Emn EtRtUv)an sagsg;rYcehIy RbsinebITTYlsÁal;[rMlayeTA CalT§pl Gñkem:AkarminRtwmEtTTYlnUvkarxUcxatd¾F¶n;F¶r b:ueNÑaHeT KWEfmTaMgRtUvvaybMEbknUvsMNg;EdlRtUv)ansagsg;rYcehIyeTotpg . enHKWCakarmYyeFVI[ )at;bg;nUvFnFanya:geRcIn ehIyxatbg;kmøaMgBlkmμ nig eBlevlapgEdr dUecñH RtUveCosvagGMeBIenH . enHKWCamUlehtuEdl)anerobcMkfaxNÐTI 2 .

k¾b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdl)an[Rkumh‘unsMNg;sagsg;pÞH ehIypÞHEdlsagsg;ehIyenaH manRKwHmineBj lkçN³ karsagsg;minRtwmRtUvTaMgRsugtamKMnUsbøg; b¤ kareRbIeRKOgsMNg;EdlmanKuNPaBminl¥enaH CaGaT× ehIyGacmaneRKaHfñak;rhUtdl;GaKarenaHrlMEbk)ak; RbsinebIminruHGaKarenaH ehIysagsg;RKwH Cafμ IeT enaHGaKarenaHmanvikar³F¶n;F¶r ehIymanEtsagsg;eLIgvijeTeTIbGaceRbI)an edaysarGaKarenaH BMumantémønwgeRbIR)as;eTot . dUecñHehIy karerIGaKarenaH minGaccat;Tukfa )aneRbIx¢Hx¢aynUvesdækic©Cati eLIy . müa:geTot karTTYlsÁal;[rMlaykic©snüa ehIy[sgéføsagsg; b¤ TTYlbnÞúknUvesah‘uy sRmab;eFVIkarbdiTaneLIgvij KWCakarkMNt;mYyEdlminTuk[Gñkem:AkarbdiesF)aneLIy . edayman

102

eKalKMnitenH bBaØtþiénvaküxNÐTI 2 énkfaxNÐTI 2 enHRtUv)anerobcMeLIg . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 635énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 634 nig maRta 636 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;

maRta 658>- siT§iTamTar[bnßytémørbs;m©as;kar 1-enAeRkayeBlEdlGMLúgeBlsmrmüEdl)ankMNt;edIm,IGnuvtþkargar

[eBjeljenaH )anknøgputehIy m©as;karGacTamTar[bnßyéfø tamkar bgðajqnÞ³cMeBaHGñkem:Akar edayykvikar³énkargarmkeFVICamUlehtu)an .

bBaØtþienH RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr kñúgkrNIEdlkarGnuvtþkargar[eBj

elj min)anseRmc b¤ kñúgkrNIEdlvaytémøfa karGnuvtþkargar[eBjelj

edayGñkem:Akar nwgeFVI[mankarxUcxatplRbeyaCn_edayminRtwmRtUv cMeBaH m©as;kar .

2-kéRmnwgRtUv)anbnßycuH tamkarTamTar[bnßyéfø eyaltamsmamaRt

éntémøkargarEdlmanP¢ab;nUvvikar³ CamYynwgtémøénkargarEdlKμanvikar³enaH .

¬kMNt;¦ kñúgkrNIEdlm©as;karKiteXIjfa mincaM)ac;eFVIrhUtdl;rMlaykic©snüaeT m©as;karRKan;EtGacbnßynUv

kéRménkic©snüak¾)anEdr . kñúgkrNIEdlminRsbnwgl½kçx½NÐedIm,IrMlaykic©snüa m©as;karGacTamTarnUv sMNgénkarxUcxat)an edayeyagtambBaØtþiénmaRta 659 k¾b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlminRsbnwgl½kçx½NÐén sMNgénkarxUcxat manEtTamTar[bnßytémøénkic©snüa edayeyagtambBaØtþiénmaRtaenH .

vaküxNÐTI 2 énkfaxNÐTI 1 KWCabBaØtþiEcgedIm,IsRmbsRmYlTMnak;TMngrvagkarGnuvtþkargareBjlj edayGñkem:Akar nig siT§iTamTar[bnßytémørbs;m©as;kar ehIy CaeKalkarN_ karGnuvtþkargareBjelj edayGñkem:Akar manGaTiPaBCag k¾b:uEnþ vaküxNÐTI 2 Ecgfa kñúgkrNIEdlmanmUlehtudUcEdl)anEcg kñúgvaküxNÐTI 2 enH m©as;karGacTamTarbnßytémø)an tambBaØtþienH .

kfaxNÐTI 2 EcgGMBIviFIKNnaTwkR)ak;bnßyenaH . ]TahrN_ kéRmem:Akar 100 . RbsinebIkargar BMumanvikar³eT témøkargarenaHes μ Inwg 80 EtedaysarCakargarEdlmanP¢ab;nUvvikar³ témøkargarenaHmanEt 40 b:ueNÑaH dUecñHkéRmKWes μ Inwg 100 x 40 / 80 = 50 KWGñkem:AkarGacTTYl)annUvkéRm 50 . mann½yfa kñúgkrNIenH TwkR)ak;bnßyenaHKW 50 .

103

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ maRta 634 nig maRta 638 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;

maRta 659>- siT§iTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatrbs;m©as;kar 1-m©as;kar GacTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxat edayeyagtambBaØtþiénEpñkTI

3 ¬sMNgénkarxUcxat¦ CMBUkTI 4 énKnßITI 4 )an edayminGnuvtþ b¤ eday

GnuvtþRBmKñanUvsiT§iEdl)ankMNt;cab;BImaRta 655 ¬karTamTar[Gnuvtþkargar eBjelj¦ rhUtdl;maRta 658 ¬siT§iTamTar[bnßytémørbs;m©as;kar¦ énRkm

enH . b:uEnþ cMeBaHkarGnuvtþkargar[eBjeljCMnYssMNgénkarxUcxat enA eRkayeBlEdlGMLúgeBlsmrmüEdl)ankMNt;edIm,IGnuvtþkargar[eBjelj

enaH )anknøgputehIy luHRtaEtenAkñúgkrNIEdlkarGnuvtþkargar[eBjelj

min)anseRmc b¤ kñúgkrNIEdlvaytémøfa karGnuvtþkargar[eBjeljeday

Gñkem:Akar nwgeFVI[mankarxUcxatplRbeyaCn_edayminRtwmRtUvcMeBaHm©as;kar eTIbGacTamTar)an .

2-ebIkarGnuvtþkargar[eBjeljenH caM)ac;RtUvcMNayesah‘uyeRcIn

hYsehtu ebIeRbobeFobeTAnwgkarxUcxatplRbeyaCn_edayvikar³enaH m©as;kar minGacTamTarcMnYnTwkR)ak; Edlsmrmünwgesah‘uyEdlcaM)ac; kñúgkarCYsCul

vikar³enaH faCasMNgénkarxUcxat edayeyaltambBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1 xag

elIenH)aneLIy .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIsiT§iTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatrbs;m©as;kar . karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;Gñkem:Akar edaysarkargarmanvikar³ KWCaRbePTmYyénkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarkar

minGnuvtþkatBVkic©Edr ehtudUecñH kfaxNÐTI 1 bBa¢ak;c,as;las;fa m©as;karGacTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxat cMeBaHGñkem:Akar)an tameKalkarN_TUeTAénkarminGnuvtþkatBVkic© .

vaküxNÐTI 2 énkfaxNÐTI 1 KWCabBaØtþiedIm,IsRmbsRmYlTMnak;TMngrvagkarGnuvtþkargareBjelj edayGñkem:Akar nig sMNgénkarxUcxat ehIy CaeKalkarN_ karGnuvtþkargareBjelj manGaTiPaBCag

104

ehIykarTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatCMnYskarGnuvtþeBjelj RtUv)anGnuBaØatEtkñúgkrNIEdl)ankMNt;enA kñúgvaküxNÐTI 2 enHb:ueNÑaH .

edaysarmankfaxNÐTI 2 ]TahrN_ kñúgkrNIeFVInava eBlebIkbr navaenaHj½r EdlCavikar³tUceT EtebIcg;CYsCulvij RtUvkat;navaBak;kNþalxagknÞúy ehIyeFVIeLIgvijenaH RtUvcMNayesah‘uyya:geRcIn hYsehtu kñúgkrNIenH m©as;karBMuGacTamTarnUvesah‘uyedIm,ICYsCulvikar³eLIgvij BIGñkem:Akar)aneLIy . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 634 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 634 nig maRta 636 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;

maRta 660>- karedaHRsay kñúgkrNIEdlvikar³ekIteLIgedaysmÖar³ b¤ eday

karbBa¢a rbs;m©as;kar 1-bBaØtþicab;BImaRta 655 ¬karTamTar[GnuvtþkargareBjelj¦ rhUt

dl;maRta 659 ¬siT§iTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatrbs;m©as;kar¦ xagelIenH minRtUv ykmkGnuvtþeLIy RbsinebIvikar³énkargarenaH ekIteLIgBIlkçN³énsmÖar³Edl

)anpþl;edaym©as;kar b¤ edaykarbBa¢arbs;m©as;karenaH . karsEmþgR)ab; EdlRKan;EtCabMNgrbs;m©as;kar BuMRtUvcat;TukfaCakarbBa¢aeLIy .

2-bBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH minRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy RbsinebI Gñkem:Akar)andwgGMBIsPaBénsmÖar³ b¤ PaBminRtwmRtUvénkarbBa¢aenaH Etmin)an

pþl;dMNwg .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenH KWCabBaØtþiEdlEcgfa kñúgkrNIEdlvikar³)anekIteLIg edaysarlkçN³énsmÖar³Edl)anpþl;

edaym©as;kar b¤ edaysarkarbBa¢arbs;m©as;kar Gñkem:AkarBMuRtUvTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHvikar³énkargarenaHeLIy . k¾b:uEnþ RbsinebIGñkem:Akar)andwgfa smÖar³Edl)anpþl;[xøÜnenaH b¤ karbBa¢arbs;m©as;karenaH manPaBmin RtwmRtUv ehIyvikar³)anekIteLIg edaysarxøÜn)anbMeBjkargaredaymin)anR)ab;eTAm©as;karGMBIPaBminRtwm RtUvenaHeT karGnueRKaHmin[Gñkem:AkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkrNIenH minmanPaBsmrmüeT ehtudUecñH kfaxNÐTI 2 RtUv)anerobcMeLIg edIm,IbBa¢ak;GMBIcMNucenH . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


105

maRta 661>- GMLúgeBlénkareRbIsiT§i 1-siT§iEdlkMNt;kñúgbBaØtþicab;BIImaRta 655 ¬karTamTar[Gnuvtþkargar

eBjelj¦ rhUtdl;maRta 658 ¬siT§iTamTar[bnßytémørbs;m©as;kar¦ xagelI enH RtUvykmkeRbIenAkñúgGMLúgeBl 1 ¬mYy¦ qñaM .

2-GMLúgeBlénkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH RtUvKNnacab;BIeBlEdlm©as; kar)andwg b¤ KYr)andwg GMBIGtßiPaBénvikar³enaH .

¬kMNt;¦ kfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRtaenHmanEcgfa GMLúgeBlénkareRbIsiT§i KW 1 qñaM sRmab;siT§iTamTar[Gnuvtþ

kargareBjelj siT§iTamTaresah‘uyCYsCul CaGaT× siT§irMlaykic©snüa siT§iTamTar[bnßytémø rbs; m©as;kar . GMLúgeBlénkareRbIsiT§i KW 1 qñaM edayK μanBak;B½n§nwgxøwmsarénkargareT eTaHbICakrNIkargareFVI sMNg;elIdIk¾eday k¾dUcKñaEdr .

GMLúgeBlenH RtUvKitcab;BIeBlEdlm©as;kar)andwgfa manvikar³ b¤ BIeBlEdlRtUvdwgGMBIvikar³enaH edayykeBlNamYymuneK mkeFVICamUldæanénkarKNna ¬kfaxNÐTI 2¦ minEmnCaeBlEdl)anRbKl; km μvtßúénkargar b¤ eBlEdl)anbBa©b;kargarenaHeT .

müa:geTot cMeBaHsiT§iTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatvij RtUvGnuvtþtamGaC£ayukalénkarrlt;siT§ielIbMNul TUeTA ¬BImaRta 480 eTA¦ dUecñH minRtUvGnuvtþtammaRtaenHeT . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 662>- kic©snüaBiessminTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFana bBaØtþicab;BImaRta 655 ¬karTamTar[GnuvtþkargareBjelj¦ rhUtdl;

maRta 659 ¬siT§iTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatrbs;m©as;kar¦ xagelIenH eTaHbICa mankic©snüaBiessGMBIkarGnueRKaH b¤ kRmitkarTTYlxusRtUvk¾eday cMeBaHehtu Edl)andwgehIy EtEbrCamin)anraykarN_R)ab;eTenaH Gñkem:AkarminGacrYc

putBIkarTTYlxusRtUv b¤ karkRmitkarTTYlxusRtUv )aneLIy .

106

¬kMNt;¦ edayEp¥kelIeKalkarN_esrIPaBkñúgkareFVIkic©snüa PaKIénkic©snüaem:Akar GaceFVIkarsnüaBiess eday

bM)at;ecal b¤ kRmitnUvkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;Gñkem:Akar Edl)anEcgBImaRta 655 dl; maRta 659 . k¾b:uEnþ maRtaenH)anEcgc,as;las;fa minTTYlsÁal;nUvkarbM)at;ecal b¤ karkRmitnUvkarTTYlxusRtUv kñúgkrNIEdl Gñkem:AkarBMu)anraykarN_GMBIvikar³EdlxøÜn)andwgeT . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 663>- siT§irMlayrbs;m©as;karenAkñúgeBlEdlkargarminTan;)an

seRmc m©as;karGacrMlaykic©snüa enAeBlNak¾)an edaysgsMNgénkar

xUcxat rhUtdl;eBlEdlGñkem:Akar)anseRmckargar .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgfa cMeBaHkargarEdlm©as;karElgRtUvkar m©as;karKμanPaBcaM)ac;kñúgkareFVI[kargarenaH

seRmcedaybgçMeT ehtudUecñH m©as;karGacrMlaykic©snüa eBlNak¾)anEdr munkarbBa©b;kargarenaHeday Gñkem:Akar . k¾b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIenH m©as;karRtUvsgsMNgnUvesah‘uyEdlGñkem:Akar)anecjrYcehIy RBmTaMg plRbeyaCn_EdlGñkem:AkarGacnwgTTYl)an eBlxøÜnseRmckargarenaH . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


CMBUkTI 9 kic©snüakargar

¬kMNt;¦ cMeBaHkic©snüakargar c,ab;kargar)anEcgGMBITMnak;TMngrvagnieyaCk nig kmμkrnieyaCitehIy ehtuenH

ehIy kñúgRkmrdæb,evNIenH )anEcgEtcMNucmUldæanénkic©snüakargar nig PaKsMxan;²EdlBMumanEcgkñúg c,ab;kargarb:ueNÑaH .

maRta 664>- kic©snüakargar

107

1-kic©snüakargar RtUv)anbegáIteLIg edaykarsnüarbs;PaKImçagfa eFVI Blkmμ[PaKImçageTot ehIyPaKImçageTotsnüafa pþl;R)ak;QñÜl eTAelIkic©kar BlkmμenaH .

2-PaKIEdl)ansnüafaeFVIBlkm μ ehAfakmμkrnieyaCit ÉPaKImçageTot

enaH ehAfanieyaCk .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIniymn½yénkic©snüakargar CaGaT× . kñúgcMeNamkic©snüaGBaØmBaØ mankic©snüasþIBI

karepÞrkmμsiT§ielIvtßú b¤ siT§ieRbIR)as;vtßú nig kic©snüasþIBIkarpþl;Blkmμ b¤ esva CaGaT× ehIykic©snüakargar KWCakic©snüapþl;Blkmμ b¤ esvaenH . kic©snüaEdlRbhak;RbEhlnwgkic©snüakargarEdr mandUcCa karem:Akar b¤ GaNtþi . karem:Akar b¤ GaNtþi KWCakic©snüabBa©b;kargar b¤ GaNtþikarcat;Ecgkic©karGVImYy ehIyviFIcat;Ecgkargar b¤ kic©karenH CaeKalkarN_ RtUv)anRbKl;eTA[PaKImçageToteFVItambBaØa nig smtßPaBrbs;xøÜn . pÞúyeTAvij kic©snüakargar KWCakic©snüaeFVIeLIgedaykm μkrnieyaCitedIm,IbeRmIkargar [nieyaCk ehIyetIRtUveRbIBlkmμenaHya:gdUcemþcxøHenaH KWCakarvinicä½yrbs;nieyaCk . müa:geTot Rkm rdæb,evNI)araMg kMNt;niymn½ykic©snüakargarfaCaPtisnüaBlkmμ .

kfaxNÐTI 1 kMNt;niymn½yénkic©snüakargar . rIÉcMeBaHbBaØtþisþIBIeBlEdlRtUvbg;R)ak;QñÜl CaGaT× RkmenHRbKl;tYnaTIeTA[c,ab;kargarvij .

kfaxNÐTI 2 EcgGMBIniymn½yénPaKIénkic©snüakargar . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

cMeBaHkfaxNÐTI 1 sUmemIlmaRta 623 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un nig maRta 1145 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas; rbs;km<úCa .

maRta 665>- karbgðajl½kçx½NÐCak;lak;elIkargar 1-enAeBleFVIkic©snüakargarnieyaCkRtUvbgðajCak;lak; nUvR)ak;QñÜl

eBlema:geFVIBlkm μ nig l½kçx½NÐénkareFVIBlkmμepSgeTot cMeBaHkm μkrnieyaCit . 2-kñúgkrNIEdll½kçx½NÐénkareFVIBlkmμEdlRtUv)anbgðajCak;lak;

tambBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH xusBIkarBit km μkrnieyaCitGacrMlay

kic©snüakargarenaHPøam²)an .

108

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgfa nieyaCkRtUvbgðajl½kçx½NÐc,as;las;GMBIkargar eBleFVIkic©snüakargar . müa:geTot

kñúgkrNIEdll½kçx½NÐénkargarEdl)anbgðajenaH xusnwgsßanPaBBit km μkrnieyaCitGacrMlaykic©snüa kargar)anPøam .

kfaxNÐTI 1 EcgGMBIkrNIykic©rbs;nieyaCk . sþIBIviFIeFVIkarbgðaj K μandak;kRmiteT . k¾b:uEnþ ]TahrN_ kñúgkrNIEdlnieyaCk)ankMNt;lkçnþik³énkargar nieyaCkGacbgðajlkçnþik³enaH)an . edIm,IkarBarkMu[ manvivaTeBleRkay KYrEteFVIkarbgðajnUvl½kçx½NÐénkargarenH Calayl½kçN_GkSr k¾b:uEnþ GaceFVIedaypÞal; mat;k¾)anEdr .

kfaxNÐTI 2 Ecgfa kñúgkrNIEdll½kçx½NÐénkargarEdlRtUv)anbgðajenaH xusnwgkarBit km μkrnieyaCit GacrMlaykic©snüakargarenaH)anPøam . kñúgkrNIdUcenH Gaclubecalkic©snüakargaredayykmUlehtu qe)ak b¤ Pan;RcLMk¾)an . k¾b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdllubecalkic©snüakargaredayykkarqe)ak mkeFVICamUldæan km μkrnieyaCitRtUveFVIkarbBa¢ak;fa nieyaCkmaneKalbMNgcg;e)akkmμkrnieyaCit ehtuenHehIy edIm,IkarBar km μkrnieyaCit maRtaenHEcgfa km μkrnieyaCitenaHGacrMlaykic©snüakargar)an edayykGgÁehtuEdl l½kçx½NÐénkargarEdlRtUv)anbgðajenaH minRtUvnwgsßanPaBBit mkeFVICamUldæan . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 15 énc,ab;bTdæankargarCb:un

maRta 666>- krNIykic©ykcitþTukdak; dl;suvtßiPaB nieyaCk mankrNIykic©ykcitþTukdak; dl;karrkSarUbragkay suxPaB

CaGaT× rbs;km μkrnieyaCit BIeRKaHfñak; enATIkEnøgEdlkm μkrnieyaCitRtUveFVI Blkmμ sil,³karü enAkñúgkareFVI]bkrN_ .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIkrNIykic©ykcitþTukdak;dl;suvtßiPaBcMeBaHkmμkrnieyaCitedaynieyaCk . krNIykic©

ykcitþTukdak;dl;suvtßiPaB KWCakrNIykic©mYytRmUv[PaKImçagkarBarGayuCIvit nig suxPaB CaGaT× rbs; PaKImçageTot edaykuM[CYbRbTHeRKaHfñak; rvagPaKIEdlmanTMnak;TMngBiesskñúgsgÁm edayEp¥kelI TMnak;TMngKtiyutþNamYy ¬saldIkarbs;tulakarkMBUlCb:un éf¶TI 25 Ex kumÖ³ qñaM 1975¦ . maRtaenH KWCabBaØtþiEdlEcgc,as;las;GMBIxøwmsarénkrNIykic©enH cMeBaHTMnak;TMngkñúgkic©snüakargar edayEcgfa

109

nieyaCkmankrNIykic©ykcitþTukdak; dl;karrkSarUbkay suxPaB CaGaT× rbs;km μkrnieyaCit BIeRKaHfñak; cMeBaHkarRKb;RKgkariyal½y eragcRk hag nig kardak;eRKOg brikçar eRKOgsmÖar³ CaGaT× enAkñúgenaH . ehIyRbsinebInieyaCkmin)anbMeBjkrNIykic©ykcitþTukdak;dl;suvtßiPaBenH ehIyeFVI[km μkrnieyaCitrg eRKaHxagpøÚvkay CaGaT× nieyaCkRtUvTTYlxusRtUvnUvsMNgénkarxUcxatcMeBaHkm μkrnieyaCit edaymUlehtu minGnuvtþkatBVkic© . ]TahrN_ cMeBaHma:sIunsgát;Edldak;enAkñúgeragcRk nieyaCkRtUvdak;eRKOg]bkrN_ suvtßiPaBedIm,IkarBarkMu[dac;éd b¤ Rmamédkm μkrnieyaCit EtRbsinebInieyaCkmin)andak;]bkrN_enaH ehIybNþal[dac;Rmamédkm μkrnieyaCit nieyaCkenaHRtUvTTYlxusRtUvnUvsMNgénkarxUcxatcMeBaHkmμkr nieyaCit edaysarkarbMBankrNIykic©ykcitþTukdak;dl;suvtßiPaBenH .

müa:geTot krNIykic©ykcitþTukdak;dl;suvtßiPaBcMeBaHkm μkrnieyaCit edaynieyaCkenH ecjmkBI eKalkarN_énPaBsucrit nig PaBesμaHRtg; . dUecñH maRtaenHEcgGMBIkarerobcM nig RKb;RKgTIkEnøg sil,³karü ]bkrN_ CaGaT× k¾b:uEnþ eRkABIenH ]TahrN_ nieyaCk)anbgçM[kmμkrnieyaCiteFVIkargar eRkAema:geRcIn ehIykarenH)aneFVI[xUcsuxPaBkm μkrnieyaCit eBlenaH nieyaCk)aneFVsRbEhskñúgkar bMeBjkrNIykic©karBarsuxPaBrbs;km μkrnieyaCitBIeRKaHfñak; dUecñHehIy nieyaCkRtUvTTYlxusRtUvnUvsMNg énkarxUcxat cMeBaHkareFVI[xUcsuxPaBkm μkrnieyaCitenH .

maRta 667>- PaBpþac;muxelIbuKÁl énkic©snüakargar 1-ebIK μankaryl;RBmBIkmμkrnieyaCiteT nieyaCkBMuGaceFVIGnub,TansiT§i

enaH [eTAttiyCn)aneLIy . 2-ebIK μankaryl;RBmBInieyaCkeT km μkrnieyaCit BMuGac[ttiyCneFVI

BlkmμCMnYsxøÜn)aneLIy . 3-RbsinebIPaKINamYyénkic©snüakargar )aneFVIpÞúynwgbBaØtþiénkfaxNÐ

TI 1 b¤ TI 2 xagelIenH PaKImçageTot GacrMlaykic©snüaenaH)an .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgfa kñúgkic©snüakargar RbsinebIBMumankaryl;RBmBIPaKImçageToteT kic©snüaenaHminGac

pøas;bþÚrPaKI)aneLIy .

kic©snüakargar KWCakic©snüamYyEdleFVIeLIgedayBinitüemIleTAelIlkçN³buKÁlmçageToteTAvijeTAmk ehtuenHehIy RbsinebIBMumankaryl;RBmBIPaKImçageToteT nieyaCkBMuGaceFVIGnub,Tanzan³rbs;xøÜn eTA[

110

ttiyCn)aneLIy rIÉkmμkrnieyaCitvij k¾BMuGac[ttiyCnmkeFVIBlkmμCMnYsxøÜn)aneLIy . ]TahrN_ kñúgkrNIEdlnieyaCkK μankargar[kmμkrnieyaCiteFVIBIr b¤ bIéf¶ RbsinebInieyaCkmanbMNgbBa¢Únkm μkr nieyaCitenaH eTAeFVIkar[nieyaCkepSgeTot caM)ac;RtUvmankaryl;RBmBIkmμkrnieyaCitenaH . müa:geTot edIm,IQb;sRmak kmμkrnieyaCitk¾minGacbBa¢ÚnGñkepSgeTAeFVICMnYsxøÜn)aneLIy RbsinebIBMumankaryl;RBm BInieyaCkeT . kñúgkrNIEdlPaKImçageTot)aneFVIxusnwgbBaØtþienH PaKImçagGacrMlaykic©snüakargar)an . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 668>- karGnuvtþc,ab;kargar cMeBaHkic©snüakargar eRkABIbBaØtþiEdlkMNt;enAkñúgRkmenH RtUvGnuelam

eTAtambBaØtþiénc,ab;kargar .

¬kMNt;¦ c,ab;kargar ¬cUlCaFrmanenAéf¶TI 3 Ex mIna qñaM 1997¦ manbBaØtþilMGitsþIBITMnak;TMngkic©snüa

kargarrvagnieyaCk nig km μkrnieyaCit . müa:geTot naGnaKt GacmankareFVIviesaFnkm μc,ab;kargarenaH b¤ GacmanbTdæanKtiyutþepSgeTotBak;B½n§nwgvis½ykargarEdr ehtuenHehIy cMeBaHkic©snüakargar eRkABIbBaØtþi EdlmanenAkñúgRkmenH maRtaenHRbKl;tYnaTIenHTaMgRsugeTA[c,ab;kargar .

CMBUkTI 10 beBaØI

EpñkTI 1 bTb,BaØtþiTUeTAsþIBIbeBaØI

maRta 669>- niymn½yénbeBaØI 1-beBaØI sMedAeTAelIkic©snüaEdlPaKImçagCaGñkTTYlbeBaØI snüaTTYl

ykvtßúbeBaØI BIPaKImçageTotCaGñkep£I mkrkSaTukkñúgGMLúgeBlEdl)ankMNt; ehIyenAeRkayeBlEdlGMLúgeBlrkSaTukenaHRtUv)anbBa©b; RtUvsgvtßúdEdl

enaH eTA[Gñkep£Ivij . 2-ebIK μankic©snüaBiesseT Gñkep£IBMumankrNIykic©bg;kéRm[GñkTTYl

beBaØIeLIy . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTTYlbeBaØI)aneFVIkic©snüaenaHCamYyGñkep£I

111

kñúgnamCaGaCIvkm μrbs;xøÜn b¤ RbsinebImankMNt;kñúgc,ab; eTaHbICaBMu)aneFVI kic©snüaBiesscMeBaHkéRmk¾eday GñkTTYlbeBaØIGacTamTarkéRmsmrmüBIGñkep£I )an .

¬kMNt;¦ 1> maRtaenHEcgGMBIniymn½yénbeBaØI . beBaØIKWCakic©snüapþl;esva dUcCakic©snüakargar GaNtþi nig kic©snüaem:Akar b:uEnþ esvaEdlGñkTTYlbeBaØIRtUvpþl;enaH RKan;EtCa {karrkSaTuknUvvtßúEdl)anTTYl} Etb:ueNÑaH . RbsinebImankarbEnßmesvaepSgeTot kic©snüaenaHnwgGackøayeTACakic©snüaem:Akar . Ca]TahrN_ kic©snüamYyEdltamry³enaH GñkdMeNIrRbKl;GIva:n; eTARkumh‘undwkCBa¢ÚntampøÚvrfePøIg enAÉsßanIy_EdlGñkdMeNIrRtUvCiH ehIyGñkdMeNIrRtUvTTYlGIva:n;enaHvij enAsßanIy_EdlxøÜneTAdl; esva EbbenH minEmnRKan;EtCakarrkSaTuknUvGIva:n;b:ueNÑaHeT . edaysarEtkatBVkic©dwkCBa¢ÚnGIva:n;[eTAdl; eKaledARtUv)anbEnßm dUecñH FatupSMénkic©snüaem:Akar k¾RtUv)andak;bBa©ÚlEdr . 2> xageRkam KWCa]TahrN_xøH²sþIBIbeBaØI ³ ¬!¦ ]TahrN_TImYy kic©snüasþúkTMnijkñúgXøaMg . GnþrkarI¼Q μ ÜjkNþal énkarCYjdUrTMnij ¬Gñklk;duM¦ ekItmankñúgdMeNIrkarEckcayTMnij rvagplitkm μ nig karlk;eTA[GñkeRbIR)as; . CaFmμta Gñklk;duMCaeRcIn EtgEtcUlrYmenAkñúgdMeNIrkarenH . bnÞab;BIGñklk;duM)anTijTMnijBIGñkplitehIy BYkeKRtUvEtrkSaTMnijEdl )anTijehIyenaH TukTRmaMEtBYkeKlk;TMnijTaMgenaH eTA[Gñklk;duM b¤ Gñklk;rayepSgeTot . RbsinebI BYkeKminmankEnøgTukdak; b¤ karTukdak;enaHtRmUv[man]bkrN_Biess ¬dUcCa ]bkrN_køaes CaedIm¦ BYkeK nwgpÞúkpþak;TMnijenaHeTA[Gñkkan;kab;XøaMg . kñúgkrNIenH Gñklk;duM nig Gñkkan;kab;XøaMg begáItnUv {kic©snüa beBaØI} .

Gñkkan;kab;XøaMgecjbgáan;édXøaMgedIm,IbBa¢ak;GMBIsiT§irbs;GñkepJI . RbsinebIGñklk;duMlk;bnþnUvTMnij Edl)anepJIenaH eTA[Gñklk;duMmñak;epSgeTot Gñklk;nwgRbKl;bgáan;édXøaMg[eTAGñkTijenaH . karRbKl;nUv bgáan;édXøaMgenH mann½yfaCakarRbKl;nUvTMnijEdl)anepJIenaH . tammeFüa)ayenH TMnijRtUv)anEbgEck RbkbedayRbsiT§PaB edaymincaM)ac;eFVIbMlas;TICak;EsþgénTMnijeLIy . ¬@¦ ]TahrN_epSgeToténbeBaØImandUcCa krNIEdlePJóv)anepJIvtßúmantémøenAsNæaKar b¤ GtifiCnep£IGIva:n; CabeNþaHGasnñenAePaCnIydæan b¤ GñkdMeNIrep£IGIva:n;CabeNþaHGasnñenAsßanIy_ CaedIm . elIsBIenHeTAeTot krNIbnÞab;enHk¾CabeBaØIEdr KW enAeBlmanvivaTGMBIkm μsiT§ielIvtßúNamYy ttiyCneFVIkarEfrkSanUvvtßúenaH rhUt Tal;EtvivaTRtUv)anedaHRsaycb; . beBaØI[rkSaTukEbbenH ehAfa { visuNæab½n} ¬maRta 692 dl;maRta

112

698¦ . 3> kic©snüabeBaØImanlkçN³dUcteTA ³ ¬!¦ kic©snüaEdlRtUv)anbegáIteLIgedaykarRbKl;vtßú nig kic©snüaÉketaPaKI ³ kñúgkic©snüabeBaØI enAeBl EdlGñkTTYlbeBaØI {)anTTYlvtßú} krNIykic©rbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØIenaHniwgekIteLIg ¬maRta 670¦ . mann½yfa CaeKalkarN_ kic©snüabeBaØIRtUv)anbegáIteLIgedaycaM)ac;RbKl;vtßú . b:uEnþ kic©snüabeBaØIEdlRtUv)an begáIteLIg edaykarRBmeRBog k¾RtUv)anGnuBaØat[eFVIEdr ¬maRta 671¦ . karep£IedayminykkéRm KWCa kic©snüaÉketaPaKI BIeRBaHGñkTTYlbeBaØITTYlbnÞúknUvkrNIykic©rkSaTuk nig RbKl;vijnUvvtßúepJI rIÉGñkepJI minmankrNIykic©GVITaMgGs; . ¬@¦ eKalkarN_minykkéRm ¬kfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenH¦ ³ kñúgsgÁmCak;Esþg vtßúmYycMnYnRtUv)aneKrkSaTuk edayminykkéRm ]TahrN_ dUcCakarEfrkSaGIva:n;[mansuvtßiPaBenAsarmnÞIr nig karEfrkSavtßúmantémø enAsNæaKar[mansuvtßiPaB CaedIm . dUecñH eyIg)anbBaØtþfa CaeKalkarN_ beBaØIminykkéRm ehIycMeBaH beBaØIeday[bg;éføvij RtUvEtmankarsnüaBiess . bu:Enþ enAeBlEdlGñkTTYlbeBaØITTYlnUvkarepJI kñúgnamCa {GaCIvkmμ} rbs;xøÜn CaeKalkarN¾ beBaØIenaHRtUvEtKitéfø . beBaØIEdlGñkTTYlbeBaØI)anTTYlnUvkarepJI kñúgnamCa {GaCIvkm μ} rbs;xøÜn KWCabeBaØIEdlGñkTTYlbeBaØIenaH TTYlmþgehIymþgeTotBIbuKÁlepSg² ehIy EdlGñkTTYlbeBaØIenaHTTYl)annUvcMeNj . GaCIvkmμXøaMgsþúkTMnijCabeBaØIsRmab;GaCIvkm μ b:uEnþ karEfrkSa vtßúmantémøenAsNæaKar[mansuvtßiPaB minEmnCabeBaØIsRmab;GaCIvkm μeT BIeRBaHsNæaKarmin)anTTYl plRbeyaCn¾GVIBIbeBaØIenaHeT . 4> kmμvtßúénkic©snüabeBaØI ¬!¦ kmμvtßúénkic©snüabeBaØI KWCa {vtßú} . CaFm μta kmμvtßúénkic©snüabeBaØICaclnvtßú b:uEnþ Gclnvtßú k¾GackøayCakmμvtßúénbeBaØIEdr . b:uEnþ enAeBlEdlGclnvtßúRtUv)andak;epJI vaminRKan;EtRtUv)aneKrkSaTuk b:ueNÑaHeT KWvak¾RtUv)aneKRKb;RKgpgEdr ¬]TahrN_dUcCakarRbmUléføQñÜlénPtisnüaGclnvtßú CaGaT×¦ ehtudUecñH CaTUeTA RtUv)aneKbkRsayfaCaGaNtþieRcInCagCabeBaØI . b:uEnþ enAEtGacmanbeBaØIGclnvtßú RbsinebIGclnvtßúKan;EtRtUv)anrkSaTukedayminRKb;RKg . ¬@¦ siT§ielIbMNulminGackøayCakm μvtßúénbeBaØI b:uEnþ {b½NÑbMNul{ nig {lixitbBa¢ak;bMNul} EdlbBa¢ak; bgðajsiT§ielIbMNul GackøayCakmμvtßúénbeBaØIEdr . ]TahrN_mYy KWRbB½n§karBarrkSaTukbeBaØIEdlRkumh‘un PaKh‘unrkSaTuknUvPaKh‘unrbs;vinieyaKin . enAkñúgkrNIénbeBaØInUv]bkrN_EdlGacCYjdUr)an RbsinebI beBaØIenaHGnuBaØat[mankarRbKl;vijnUvb½NÑEdlmanRbePT nig cMnYnTwkR)ak;dUcKña ehIymintRmUv[man karsgvijnUv]bkrN_dEdlenaHeT kic©snüaenHkøayCabeBaØIbriePaK .

113

¬#¦ RbsinebIR)ak;RtUv)anrkSaTuk tamTRmg;Cakardak;kñúgeRsamsMbuRt R)ak;enaHGackøayCakm μvtßúénbeBaØI eRBaHR)ak;kñúgeRsamsMbuRtenHRtUv)aneKcat;TukdUcKñanwg {vtßú} . b:uEnþ RbsinebIR)ak;minRtUv)andak;kñúg eRsamsMbuRteT kic©snüaenHminEmnbeBaØIFmμtaeT EtCabeBaØIbriePaK . bBaØtþiBiessEdlTak;TgnwgkrNIenH RtUv)antak;EtgeLIg ¬maRta 690¦ .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 657 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 593 énRkmBaNiC¢km μCb:un ¬beBaØIBaNiC¢km μ¦ nig maRta 597 énRkmBaNiC¢kmμCb:un ¬GaCIvkmμXøaMgsþúkTMnij¦ .

maRta 670>- PaBcaM)ac;kñúgkarTTYlykvtßúénkic©snüabeBaØI 1-kic©snüabeBaØI RtUv)anbegáIteLIg edayGñkTTYlbeBaØI TTYlykkmμvtßúén

beBaØI tamkarRBmeRBog . 2-kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTTYlbeBaØI)ankan;kab;kmμvtßúénbeBaØIenaHehIy kic©snüa

beBaØIRtUv)anbegáIteLIgedaykarRBmeRBogbegáItTMnak;TMngbeBaØIenaH . cMeBaHvtßú Edlkan;kab;edayttiyCn kic©snüabeBaØIRtUv)anbegáIt enAeBlEdl)anepÞr karkan;kab;edaykarbBa¢a .

¬kMNt;¦ 1> kfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRtaenHEcgGMBIPaBcaM)ac;kñúgkarTTYlvtßúedIm,IbegáItnUvkic©snüabeBaØIEdlmanGanuPaB . ehtuplEdlEcgdUecñH KWedaysarEt CaeKalkarN_ beBaØIKWCakic©snüaedayminykkéRm dUecñH vamin smrmüeT EdlRtUvpþl;GanuPaBxøaMgcMeBaHkarsnüa {epJIvtßú} nig {TTYlbeBaØI} enAeBlEdlvtßúEdlCakmμvtßú minTan;RtUv)anepÞrenAeLIy .

k¾b:uEnþ karRBmeRBogKñaGaccgKUPaKI)an RbsinebIPaKITaMgBIreFVIkarRBmeRBogBiess cMeBaHbeBaØInaeBl GnaKt ehIymanbMNg[karRBmeRBogKñaenaH[manGanuPaBcgKUPaKI . ]TahrN_ BaNiC¢krkMBugnaMcUlnUv TMnijmkBIeRkARbeTs ehIybegáItkic©snüabeBaØIsRmab;eBlGnaKtCamYynwgGñkkan;kab;XøaMg edaysar k)a:l;EdldwkTMnijnwgmkdl;kMBg;EpenAéf¶TI 00 Ex 00 CaGaT× . RbsinebIkic©snüaenHminmanGanuPaBcg KUPaKIeT BaNiC¢krenaHnwgCYbbBaðaehIy . karsnüaenHnwgpþl;plRbeyaCn_dl;Gñkkan;kab;XøaMgpgEdr BIeRBaHGñkkan;kab;XøaMgGaceRKagTukCamun)anGMBIrebobeRbIR)as;XøaMgenaH . kñúgkrNIenH minmanbBaðaGVIeT cMeBaHkarcat;Tukfa karRBmeRBog ¬kic©snüa¦ beBaØInaeBlGnaKtmanGanuPaB . maRta 671 )anEcgGMBI

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kic©snüabeBaØIedaykarRBmeRBogEbbenH . 2> kfaxNÐTI 2 EcgGMBIkrNIEdlkic©snüabeBaØIRtUv)anbegáIteLIgeday {karRbKl;edaysegçb} nig {karepÞrkarkan;kab;edaykarbBa¢a} .

kic©snüabeBaØItRmUv[mankarRbKl;nUvkmμvtßúedIm,IbegáItGanuPaB b:uEnþ RbsinebIGñkEdlRtUvTTYlbeBaØI )anrkSaTuknUvvtßúEdlCakm μvtßúrYcehIy vaminmanRbeyaCn_GVIEdlRtUvRbKl;vtßúenaHeTA[Gñkep£Ivij edIm,I[ Gñkep£IeFVIkarRbKl;vtßúenaHCaf μ ImþgeToteTAGñkTTYlbeBaØIenaHeT . RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØI nig GñkepJI yl;RBmelIkic©snüabeBaØI kic©snüabeBaØIenaHbegáItGanuPaB . ]TahrN_mYy KWkrNIEdl A lk;vtßúmYyEdl xøÜnkan;kab;kñúgnamCakmμsiT§ikr[eTA B b:uEnþ tamkarCak;Esþg minepÞrkarkan;kab;vtßúenaH[eTA B ehIybnþ rkSavtßúenaH kñúgnamCaGñkTTYlbeBaØI . enHKWCakarbegáItkic©snüabeBaØIeday {karRbKl;edaysegçb} .

kic©snüabeBaØIk¾GacRtUv)anbegáIteLIgeday {karepÞrkarkan;kab;edaykarbBa¢a} . ]TahrN_ enAeBl A CaGñkkan;kab;XøaMg ¬GñkTTYlbeBaØI¦ kMBugrkSaTukvtßúrbs;GñkepJI B RbsinebI B epÞrkmμsiT§ielIvtßúenaH[eTA C mankrNIxøH C manbMNgbnþkic©snüasþúkTMnijCamYy A . kñúgkrNIenH kic©snüabeBaØIrvag C nig A RtUv)anbegáIteLIg enAeBlEdl B bBa¢a[ A fa RtUvkan;kab;vtßúenaHsRmab; C eRkayeBleFVIkarbBa¢aenaH .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 671>- GanuPaBénkic©snüabeBaØIedaykarRBmeRBog RbsinebIPaKI RKan;Et)anRBmeRBogfa nwgbegáItTMnak;TMngbeBaØInaeBl

GnaKt PaKInImYy²GacdkkarRBmeRBogenaHecj enAeBlNak¾)an rhUtdl; eBlEdl)anRbKl;kmμvtßúénbeBaØIenaH . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdl)ansnüabegáIt

kic©snüabeBaØIeday[bg;éføvij RbsinebI)aneFVI[xUcxatdl;PaKImçageTot eday

sarkarbdiesFminTTYlvtßúbeBaØIpÞúynwgkarsnüaenaH PaKIEdlCaGñkTTYlbeBaØI mankrNIykic©RtUvsgsMNgénkarxUcxatenaH [eTAPaKImçageTot RbsinebIkar bdiesFenaH K μanmUlehtuRtwmRtUveT .

¬kMNt;¦ 1> CakrNIelIkElgcMeBaHeKalkarN_énPaBcaM)ac;kñúgkarTTYlykvtßú ¬maRta 670¦ maRtaenHEcgfa kic©snüabeBaØIedaykarRBmeRBogEdl)anbegáIteLIgRtwmtamkarRBmeRBogKña edayminmankarRbKl;vtßú k¾

115

manGanuPaBEdr . b:uEnþ tamkarCak;Esþg beBaØIedaykarRBmeRBog CakarsnüaCamunGMBIbeBaØInaeBlGnaKt ehtudUecñH vaminsmrmüeTkñúgkarpþl;[manGanuPaBcgxøaMgeBkenaH . müa:geTot karGnuvtþEbbenH Rsbnwg qnÞ³rbs;PaKITaMgBIrpgEdr .

ehtudUecñH RbsinebIkic©snüabeBaØIedaykarRBmeRBogCakic©snüaEdlminykkéRm ¬muFa¦ PaKITaMgBIrGac dkkarsnüaenaHeBlNak¾)an . ]TahrN_mYy edaysarEt A nwgRtUveTAbreTsedIm,IeFVICMnYjenAExeRkay A )anCYlpÞH[GñkepSg ehIymitþPkþirbs; A KW B )ansnüafa CYyEfrkSavtßúmantémø ¬]TahrN_ can søabRBaR)ak;¦ [ A edayminykkéRm . karsnüaenHbegáIteLIgnUvkic©snüabeBaØInaeBlGnaKt rvag A nig B . b:uEnþ vaminsmrmüeT kñúgkarKitfa RbsinebI A xkxanmin)anRbKl;nUvvtßúmantémøTaMgenaHeTA[ B eT karxkxanenHnwgkøayeTACakarbMBankic©snüaenaH . RbsinebI A ElgcaM)ac;RtUveTAbreTs enaH A Gacdk karsnüavij nig mineFVIbeBaØIenaH)an . müa:geTot RbsinebI B pøas;bþÚrcitþvij B GacbdiesFmin rkSaTuknUvvtßúmantémørbs; A )an . kñúgkrNINamYykñúgcMeNamkrNITaMgBIrenHekIteLIg PaKImçageTotnwgGac manbBaða . CaBiess kñúgkrNIeRkayenH A EdlnwgRtUveTAbreTs nwgmanbBaða . b:uEnþ minsmnwgdak;bnÞúkF¶n; elI B eT BIeRBaHkic©snüarvag A nig B Cakic©snüaedayminykkéRm ¬muFa¦ ehIyRbsinebI A GacTamTar[ B TTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkarminGnuvtþkatBVkic© enaHbnÞúkrbs; B F¶n;F¶reBkehIy . cMeBaHkrNIénkic©snüa RbTankm μEdlCakic©snüaedayminyktémøfñÚrEdrenaH RbsinebIRbTankmμEdlminRtUv)aneFVICalayl½kçN_ GkSr minTan;RtUv)anGnuvtþeT kic©snüaenHGacRtUv)anlubecal . ehtudUecñH edIm,IrkSa[mantulüPaB KYrbnßybnÞúkecjBII B . edayBicarNaeTAelIehtuplTaMgGs;xagelIenHehIy maRtaenHEcgfa kñúgkrNIén beBaØIedaykarRBmeRBogEdlminykkéRm PaKIGacdkkarRBmeRBog)an rhUtdl;eBlmankarRbKl;vtßúEdl CakmμvtßúénbeBaØI .

kñúgkrNIenHbeBaØIedayyktémøfñÚrEdl[GñkepJIbg;kéRmvij manPaBsmrmükñúgkarpþl;[nUvGanuPaBxøaMg CagGanuPaBénbeBaØIedayminykkéRm . ]TahrN_ RbsinebI A cg;epJITMnijeTA B EdlCaGñkkan;kab;XøaMg cab;BIéf¶TI 1 ExeRkay ehIyGñkkan;kab;XøaMg)anyl;RBm Gñkkan;kab;XøaMgRtUverobcMkEnøgsRmab;dak; TMnijepJIenAéf¶Edl)ansnüa EdlkarN_enH tRmUv[mankarerobcM nig karRKb;RKgXøaMg ¬]TahrN_ kar RKb;RKgEpnkareRbIR)as;XøaMgedaykuMBüÚT½r¦ . cMeBaHGñkepJIvij A nwgeFVIskm μPaBedayEp¥kelIkarsnñidæanfa Gñkkan;kab;XøaMg nwgeFVIkarEfrkSaTukTMnij cab;taMgBIéf¶ dUc)aneRBogTuktamkarsnüa edayKμankarxkxan BIeRBaHkic©snüasþúkTMnijCakic©snüaedayykkéRm . ehtudUecñH vamanPaBsmrmükñúgkarelIkkm<s;GanuPaB énkic©snüabeBaØIedayyktémøfñÚr ¬vaküxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenH¦ . 2> GanuPaBénkic©snüabeBaØIedaykarRBmeRBogeday[bg;éfø ¬vaküxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenH¦

116

GanuPaBén {krNIykic©rkSaTuknUvvtßú} rbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI ¬Gñkkan;kab;XøaMg¦ KWxøaMg . RbsinebIGñkkan; kab;XøaMgbdiesFminTTYlkarRbKl;vtßúbeBaØIedayK μanehtupl Gñkkan;kab;XøaMgRtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsMNg énkarxUcxat cMeBaHGñkepJI . b:uEnþ karbgçM[GnuvtþkatBVkic©edaypÞal; minRtUv)anGnuBaØateT .

cMENkÉ {krNIykic©epJIkmμvtßúénbeBaØI} rbs;GñkepJI mincaM)ac;TTYlsÁal;eLIy . eTaHbICaRtUvKitBicarNa eTAdl;plRbeyaCn_rbs;Gñkkan;kab;XøaMgk¾eday k¾vaminsmehtuplEdrkñúgkarEcgfa RbsinebI A EdlCa GñkepJIxkxanmin)andak;km μvtßúénbeBaØI B EdlCaGñkkan;kab;XøaMgGacTamTar[Gñkep£Idak;kmμvtßúénbeBaØI)an . 3> edaysarEtmaRtaenHminEmnCabBaØtþiEdlRtUvGnuvtþdac;xateT RbsinebIPaKIénkic©snüa)aneFVIkarsnüa BiessEdlmanxøwmsarepSgBImaRtaenH karsnüaBiessenHnwgmanGaTiPaBelImaRtaenH .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ maRta 472 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©rbs;RbeTssVIs ¬beBaØI KWCakic©snüaEdlRtUv)anbegáIteLIgedaykar

RBmeRBog¦

maRta 672>- kic©snüabeBaØIEdl)aneFVIedayGñkKμankm μsiT§i eTaHbICaGñkep£IK μankmμsiT§ielIvtßúep£Ik¾eday k¾kic©snüabeBaØIenaH RtUv)an

begáItGanuPaBEdr . enAkñúgkrNIenH eTaHbICamanBakübNþwgTamTar[sgvtßú rbs;km μsiT§ikr cMeBaHGñkTTYlbeBaØIk¾eday k¾GñkTTYlbeBaØIGacsgvtßúbeBaØIenaH eTA[Gñkep£Ivij)anEdr . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienH minRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy cMeBaHkrNI EdlbNþwgTamTar[sgvtßúrbs;km μsiT§ikr RtUv)anTTYlsÁal; .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHBak;B½n§nwgTMnak;TMngKtiyutþ kñúgkrNIénbeBaØInUvvtßúEdlCakmμsiT§irbs;GñkdéTeTot .

dUcKñanwgkrNIEdlkarlk;TijnUvvtßúrbs;GñkdéTmanGanuPaB kic©snüabeBaØIénvtßúEdlCakm μsiT§irbs;GñkdéT k¾manGanuPaBEdr . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIénkarlk;TijnUvvtßúrbs;GñkdéT GñkTijGacTamTarrMlaykic©snüa b¤ TamTarsMNgkarxUcxatBIGñklk; rIÉkñúgkrNIénbeBaØIvtßúrbs;GñkdéTvij K μanbBaðaGVIekIteLIgBak;B½n§nwg karTamTar[GñkepJITTYlxusRtUvedayGñkTTYlbeBaØIeT BIeRBaHGñkTTYlbeBaØI minTTYlrgkarxUcxatGVIBIbeBaØI énkm μsiT§iGñkdéT .

bBaðasMxan;CagenH manenARtg;cMNucfa GñkTTYlbeBaØIKYreFVIdUcemþc enAeBlEdlkmμsiT§ikrTamTar[ RbKl;vijnUvvtßúbeBaØIenaH . RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØIRbKl;nUvvtßúbeBaØIeTAkm μsiT§ikrvij edaysarEtkmμsiT§ikr

117

TamTar[RbKl;vijnUvvtßúbeBaØI GñkTTYlbeBaØIGacnwgbMBanelIkic©snüaEdl)aneFVICamYyGñkepJI ¬RbsinebI eRkaymk eKrkeXIjfa GñkEdl)anTamTar[RbKl;vijminEmnCakm μsiT§ikrBitR)akd¦ . müa:gvijeTot RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØImineFVItamkarTamTarrbs;km μsiT§ikreT GñkTTYlbeBaØIenaHnwgRtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkar karbMBankm μsiT§icMeBaHkm μsiT§ikr . edIm,IedaHRsayeTVeRKaHrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI maRtaenHRtUv)antak;EtgeLIg . TImYy eTaHbICakmμsiT§ikrdak;BakübNþwgTamTar[sgvtßúk¾eday k¾GñkTTYlbeBaØIminmankarTTYlxusRtUv cMeBaHkmμsiT§ikreT RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØIsgvtßúbeBaØIenaH[eTAGñkepJIvij . b:uEnþ RbsinebIesckþIseRmc rbs;tulakarEdlseRmcfa GñkTamTarenaHCakm μsiT§ikr )ancUlCasßaBr GñkTTYlbeBaØIKYrEtsgvtßúbeBaØIeTA km μsiT§ikrvij ehtudUecñH GñkTTYlbeBaØIenaHnwgRtUvTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkm μsiT§ikr RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØIsg vtßúbeBaØIeTAGñkepJIvij . kñúgkrNIEdlkm μsiT§ikrTamTar[GñkTTYlbeBaØIRbKl;mkxøÜnvijnUvvtßúbeBaØI enAeRkay eBlEdlkmμsiT§ikrenaHQñHkñúgbNþwgTamTar[bBa¢ak;GMBIkmμsiT§i GñkTTYlbeBaØIk¾RtUvsgnUvvtßúeTAkm μsiT§ikr vijEdr . TIBIr maRtaenHmin)anbBa¢ak;fa etIGñkTTYlbeBaØIRtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarminGnuvtþkatBVkic© cMeBaH Gñkep£IEdr b¤ y:agNaenaHeT RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØIsgvtßúbeBaØIeTAGñkTamTar edayGñkTTYlbeBaØIKitfa vaTMngxøaMgNas; EdlGñkTamTarKWCakmμsiT§ikr tamry³karvinicä½y edayEp¥kelIPsþútagepSg²CaeRcIn eTaHbICasiT§ielIkm μsiT§irbs;GñkTamTarminTan;RtUv)ankMNt;CasßaBredayesckþIseRmcrbs;tulakark¾eday . cMeBaHkrNIenH GacbkRsayfa GñkTTYlbeBaØIminTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkarminGnuvtþkatBVkic©eLIy RbsinebI GñkTamTarKWCakmμsiT§ikrBitR)akd edaysarEtGñkTTYlbeBaØIminmankMhusEdlCal½kçx½NÐénkarminGnuvtþ katBVkic©eLIy . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 673>- krNIykic©rbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI 1-GñkTTYlbeBaØI mankrNIykic©rkSaTukvtßúbeBaØI edayBüayamRbugRby½tñ

kñúgnamCaGñkRKb;RKgedaysucrit . 2-ebIK μankaryl;RBmBIGñkep£IeT GñkTTYlbeBaØI minGaceRbIvtßúbeBaØI)an

eLIy .

¬kMNt;¦ kfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRtaenH bBa¢ak;GMBIkRmiténkrNIykic©rkSaTukvtßúbeBaØIrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI . Rkm

118

rdæb,evNICb:unkat;bnßynUvkRmiténkrNIykic©RbugRby½tñkñúgkrNIénbeBaØIedayminykkéRm b:uEnþ bBaØtþienH TTYlrgnUvkarriHKn; . bBaðaenH minsuIsgVak;CamYykrNIykic©RbugRby½tñrbs;GñkRKb;RKg kñúgnamCaGñk RKb;RKgedaysucrit kñúgkrNIénGaNtþiedayminykkéRm nig GaNtþiBüa)alPaB ¬trust¦ . ehtudUecñH maRtaenHEcgfa CaeKalkarN_ GñkTTYlbeBaØIRtUvEtTTYlnUvkrNIykic©RbugRby½tñkñúgnamCa GñkRKb;RKgedaysucrit kñúgkrNIénbeBaIØedayminykkéRm .

kfaxNÐTI 2 bBa¢ak;fa GñkTTYlbeBaØIK μansiT§iGMNaceRbIvtßúbeBaØI .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 1249 ¬krNIykic©rkSaTuk nig krNIykic©RbKl;¦ maRta 1251 ¬GñkTTYlbeBaØIminmansiT§ieRbI¦ nig maRta 1252 ¬karGnuBaØat[eRbIRtUv)ansn μt kñúgkrNIbeBaØIedayminykkéRm nig minRtUv)ansnμt kñúg krNIbeBaØIeday[bg;kéRm¦ énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 1927 ¬krNIykic©RbugRby½tñdUcKña nwgkarEfrkSaRTBüsm,tþirbs;xøÜn¦ maRta 1928 ¬karbEnßmkrNIykic©RbugRby½tñkñúgkrNIxøH beBaØItam karTamTarBIGñkTTYlbeBaØI beBaØIedayykkéRm beBaØIEdlmaneKalbMNgesÞIEtsRmab;plRbeyaCn_rbs; GñkepJI CaGT×¦ nig maRta 1930 ¬karhamkareRbIR)as;vtßúbeBaØI¦ énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 659 ¬krNIykic©RbugRby½tñrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØIedayminykkéRm¦ nig maRta 658 ¬karhamkarRbIR)as;vtßúbeBaØI¦ énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 593 dl;maRta 596 énRkmBaNiC¢kmμCb:un .

maRta 674>- karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI 1-enAkñúgkrNIEdl)aneFVI[)at;bg; b¤ )aneFVI[Ebk)ak;vtßúbeBaØIenaH Gñk

TTYlbeBaØI RtUvsgsMNgénkarxUcxatenaH . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmk

GnuvtþeLIy ebIGñkTTYlbeBaØI)anbBa¢ak;GMBIkarK μankMhus cMeBaHkareFVI[)at;bg; b¤ Ebk)ak;enaH .

2-kñúgkrNIEdlbeBaØIRtUv)aneFVIeLIg tamkarTamTarrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI RbsinebIK μankarbBa¢ak;faCakrNIRbFanskþieT GñkTTYlbeBaØIminGacrYcputBIkar TTYlxusRtUv cMeBaHkareFVI[)at;bg; b¤ Ebk)ak;)aneLIy .

3-enATIkEnøgdUcCa sNæaKar pÞHsMNak; ePaCnIydæan kEnøggUtTwk

sil,³karüepSgeTotEdlmaneP£óvCYbCMu RbsinebIkm μsiT§ikrénsil,³karüTaMgLay

enaH )anTTYlvtßúbeBaØIBIeP£óv RbsinebIK μankarbBa¢ak;faCakrNIRbFanskþieT

119

GñkTTYlbeBaØIminGacrYcputBIkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkareFVI[)at;bg; b¤ Ebk)ak; )aneLIy .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHbBaØtþGMBIkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI . edaysarmaRta 673 EcgGMBIkrNIykic©Rbug

Rby½tñrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØIkñúgnamCaGñkRKb;RKgedaysucrit kfaxNÐTI 1 EcgGMBIkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs; GñkTTYlbeBaØI kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTTYlbeBaØIenaHeFVI[xUcxatdl;vtßúbeBaØI edaykarbMBankrNIykic©rbs;xøÜn .

karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØIkñúgkarsgsMNgkarxUcxat KWCakarTTYlxusedaymankMhus b:uEnþ GñkTamTarsMNgkarxUcxat minTTYlbnÞúkkñúgkarbBa¢ak;GMBIkMhusenaHeT . enHCakarGnuvtþnUveKalkarN_ TUeTAénkarsgsMNgénkarxUcxatedayykkarminGnuvtþkatBVkic©mkeFVICamUlehtu ¬maRta 398¦ . müa:geTot kar)at;bg;rYmmanTaMgecarkm μ nig kar)at; .

kfaxNÐTI 2 nig kfaxNÐTI 3 EcgGMBIkrNIelIkElgmYycMnYn . kfaxNÐTI 2 EcgGMBIkarbEnßmnUvkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI kñúgkrNIEdlbeBaØIminRtUv)an

eFVIeLIgedayqnÞ³esrIrbs;GñkepJI b:uEnþ eTAtamkarTamTarrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØIkñúgsßanPaBCak;lak;NamYy . ]TahrN_ enAeBlGñkNamñak;cUleTAkñúgbNÑal½y b¤ sarmnÞIr Kat;RtUv)anTamTar[ep£IGIva:n;rbs;Kat; enAbNÑal½y b¤ sarmnÞIrenaH . karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI KWCakarTTYlxusRtUvedayKμankMhus . eKalkarN_enH KWEp¥kelImaRta 1928 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg nig Rkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa .

kfaxNÐTI 3 Ecgfa sNæaKar ePaCnIydæan nig sil,³karüepSgeTotEdlmanePJóvCYbCMu RtUvTTYl xusRtUvedayK μankMhus ¬" receptum" liability¦ . kfaxNÐTI 2 Can;KñaCamYyEpñkxøH énkfaxNÐTI 3 b:uEnþ tamkfaxNÐTI 3 GñkTTYlbeBaØIRtUvTTYlxusRtUvedayK μankMhuspgEdr kñúgkrNIEdlGñkepJI)anepJIvtßúeday sμ ½RKcitþ .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 594 ¬karTTYlxusRtUvedayK μankMhusrbs;sNæaKar ePaCnIydæan nig kEnøgRsedogKñaepSg eTot¦ énRkmBaNiC¢km μCb:un/ maRta 1928 ¬karbEnßmkrNIykic©rkSaTuk kñúgkrNIénbeBaØItamkarTamTar rbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI nig beBaØIedayykkéRm CaGaT×¦ nig maRta 1929 ¬karrYcputBIkarTTYlxusRtUv kñúgkrNI RbFanskþi nig karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgGMLúgeBlyWty:avkñúgkarGnuvtþkrNIykic©sgeTAvij eTaHbICakrNI RbFanskþi¦ énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 1253 dl;maRta 1255 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 2289 énRkmrdæb,evNIekbic .

120

maRta 675>- karbnßykarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØIedayminykkéRm enAkñúgbeBaØIedayminykkéRm tulakarGacbnßykarTTYlxusRtUvsgsMNg

énkarxUcxatrbs;Gñkep£I edayBicarNaeTAelIsßanPaBénRTBüsm,tþiPaKITaMgsg

xag nig kal³eTs³epSg²eTot)an .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHsRmalkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØIedayminykkéRm . GñkTTYlbeBaØIedayminyk

kéRmmankrNIykic©RbugRby½tñkñúgnamCaGñkRKb;RKgedaysucritpgEdr ¬maRta 673¦ b:uEnþ edaysar manrkrNIxøHEdlkarTTYlxusRtUvmanTm¶n;F¶n;F¶rtamsßanPaBmYycMnYn maRtaenHTTYlsÁal;siT§iGMNacrbs; tulakarkñúgkarbnßykarTTYlxusRtUvedayqnÞanusiT§i .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 659 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 2290 énRkmrdæb,evNIekbic ¬beBaØIedayminykéRm krNI Edlmin)anraykarN_GMBIvtßúEdlmantémø¦

maRta 676>- karsRmalkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkrNIEdlmin)anraykarN_GMBI vtßúEdlmantémøx<s;

enAkñúgkrNIEdlGñkepJI)anepJIR)ak; ]bkrN_GacCYjdUr)an nig vtßúEdl

mantémøx<s;epSgeTot RbsinebIGñkep£I min)anraykarN_GMBIRbePT nig témøenaH eTA[GñkTTYlbeBaØIeT tulakarGacbnßykarTTYlxusRtUvsgsMNgénkarxUcxat

rbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI)an .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgBIkarkat;bnßynUvkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI kñúgkrNIEdlGñkep£Ixkxanmin)an

raykarN_eTAGñkTTYlbeBaØIfa vtßúep£ICavtßúmantémø . maRta 595 énRkmBaNiC¢km μCb:unEcgfa RbsinebIGñkepJImin)aneFVIRbtievTn_CUneTAGñkTTYlbeBaØIeT

GñkTTYlbeBaØIminTTYlxusRtUveLIy . b:uEnþ RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØImankMhusF¶n;F¶r vaminsmrmüeTEdlGñk TTYlbeBaØIminTTYlxusRtUvGVIesaHenaH ehIyeTaHbICakMhusrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØIenaHtictYck¾eday k¾vaminsm EdrkñúgkarbdiesFecalTaMgRsugnUvkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØIedaysV½yRbvtþi . ehtudUecñH maRtaenH

121

kRmitGanuPaBénkarxkxanraykarN_GMBIvtßúmantémøRtwmkar {bnßy} karTTYlxusRtUv . b:uEnþ maRtaenHmin bdiesFnUvkarelIkElg[rYcBIkarTTYlxusRtUvTaMgRsugEdlGaceFVIeTA)anGaRs½yeTAtamsßanPaBenaHeT .

RbsinebIvtßúbeBaØICavtßúEdlmantémø GñkTTYlbeBaØInwgeFVIkarrkSaTukedayRbugRby½tñBiess edIm,IkuM[man karxUcxat . pÞúyeTAvij RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØImin)andwgfa vtßúbeBaØIenaHCavtßúEdlmantémøeT GñkTTYlbeBaØI nwgeFVIkarRbugRby½tñFm μtaEtb:ueNÑaH . b:uEnþ vaCaerOgGkuslcMeBaHTTYlbeBaØIehIyenAeBlEdlxøÜnTTYlnUv karTamTarsMNgkarxUcxatEdlmanTMhMFM enAeRkayeBlEdlkarxUcxat)anekIteLIgehIyenaH .

elIsBIenHeTAeTot edaysarEtkarrkSaTuknUvvtßúEdlmantémø TamTar[mankarcMNayeRcInsn§wksn§ab; EdrenaH GñkTTYlbeBaØITamTarkéRmsRmab;karrkSaTukenaHelIsBIFmμta . b:uEnþ RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØI min)andwgfa vtßúenaHmantémøx<s; GñkTTYlbeBaØIminGaceFVIdUecñaH)aneLIy . edaymUlehtuenH eKalKMnitén maRtaenH KW[GñkepJIraykarN_R)ab;GñkTTYlbeBaØIfa vtßúenaHmantémø .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ maRta 2290 énRkmrdæb,evNIkebic/ maRta 595 énRkmBaNiC¢km μCb:un

maRta 677>- krNIykic©énkarrkSaTukedayxøÜnÉg 1-ebIK μankaryl;RBmBIGñkepJIeT GñkTTYlbeBaØIBMuGac[ttiyCnrkSaTukvtßú

beBaØI)aneLIy . 2-kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTTYlbeBaØIGac[ttiyCnrkSaTukvtßúbeBaØI)an GñkTTYl

beBaØIRtUvTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkareRCIstaMg nig RtYtBinitüGñkTTYlbeBaØIEdlRtUv)an

[rkSaTukbnþ .

¬kMNt;¦ 1> kfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRtaenHEcgGMBIkrNIkic©rbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØIkñúgkarrkSaTukvtßúbeBaØIedayxøÜnÉgpÞal; . Ca eKalkarN_ GñkTTYlbeBaØIBMuGac[ttiyCnrkSaTukvtßúbeBaØIbnþ)aneLIy .

eTaHbICaGñkTTYlbeBaØIRKan;EtRbtibtþikarrkSaTuknUvvtßúbeBaØIb:ueNÑaHk¾eday k¾Gñkep£I)anBicarNaGMBICMnaj nig l½kçx½NÐdéTepSgeTotrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI enAeBlseRmcepJIvtßúenaHEdr ehtudUecñH vaminsmrmüeTEdlGñk TTYlbeBaØIenaHpÞúkpþak;epJIbnþnUvvtßúbeBaØIeTAttiyCnedayesrI . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIénbeBaØIBaNiC¢km μ Cajwkjab; PaKIénkic©snüamanqnÞ³GnuBaØat[manbeBaØIbnþ . kñúgkrNIenH RbkarEdlGnuBaØat[ttiyCnrkSaTukbnþ RtUvEtsresrbBa©Úlkñúgkic©snüabeBaØI .

122

2> kfaxNÐTI 2 bBa¢ak;[)anc,as;las;fa GñkTTYlbeBaØIRtUvTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkareRCIstaMg nig RtYtBinitü GñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþ . eTaHbICakic©snüabeBaØIGnuBaØat[manbeBaØIbnþk¾eday k¾GñkTTYlbeBaØIRtUvEteRCIstaMg nUvGñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþEdlsmrmü enAeBlEdlxøÜneFVIbeBaØIbnþEdr . RbsinebIeRCIstaMgnUvGñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþ minsmrmü ehIyvtßúbeBaØIRtUv)anxUcxat b¤ )at;bg;edaysarkMhusrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþ GñkTTYlbeBaØICa GñkRtUvTTYlxusRtUv . bEnßmBIelIenH eTaHbICaGñkTTYlbeBaØI)aneRCIstaMgGñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþEdlsmrmü k¾eday k¾GñkTTYlbeBaØIRtUvEtTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkarRtYtBinitümin)anditdl;Edr RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØI yl;eXIjfa meFüa)ayEfrkSavtßúbeBaØIrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþenaHminRtwmRtUv b:uEnþ min)aneGIeBIcMeBaHbBaðaenH .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 678>- beBaØIbnþ 1-bBaØtþiénCMBUkTI 10 ¬beBaØI¦ enH RtUvykmkGnuvtþpgEdr cMeBaHTMnak;

TMngrvagGñkTTYlbeBaØI nig GñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþ . 2-GñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþ mansiT§i nig krNIykic©dUcKñanwgGñkTTYlbeBaØIEdr

cMeBaHGñkep£I . 3-kñúgkrNIEdl)ansgvtßúbeBaØI[eTAGñkep£IehIy GñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþ RtUv

rYcputBIkrNIykic©sg cMeBaHGñkTTYlbeBaØI .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHBak;B½n§nwgTMnak;TMngKtiyutþenAkñúgkrNIénbeBaØIbnþ . kfaxNÐTI 1 bBa¢ak;fa bBaØtþiEdlTak;TgnwgbeBaØI RtUvykmkGnuvtþcMeBaHTMnak;TMngKtiyutþrvagGñkTTYl

beBaØI nig GñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþ . eTaHbICakarBitKWGBa©wgEmnehIyk¾eday eyIgbBa©ÚlmaRtaenH edIm,IkuM[mankar sgS½y .

kfaxNÐTI 2 bBa¢ak;GMBITMnak;TMngrvagGñkep£I nig GñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþ . eTaHbICaminmanTMnak;TMng kic©snüarvagGñkTaMgBIrk¾eday k¾vaminmanPaBsmrmüEdrRbsinebIIniyayfa BYkeKK μanTMnak;TMngKtiyutþ nwgKñaenaH . ]TahrN_ bnÞab;BIputGMLúgeBlsRmab;beBaØIehIy GñkepJIKYrEtGacTamTaredaypÞal;eTAGñk TTYlbeBaØIbnþ [sgvijnUvvtßúbeBaØI . RbsinebIGñkepJIGacTamTar[sgvtßúvij EtBIGñkTTYlbeBaØIb:ueNÑaH karGnuvtþEbbenHnwgminRKan;Etb:HBal;dl;plRbeyaCn_rbs;GñkepJIb:ueNÑaHeT b:uEnþ CaviFankarEdlRbeyal

123

eBkpgEdr . elIsBIenHeTAeTot RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþmansiT§iTamTarkéRmsRmab;karep£I vaRtwmRtUv ehIyEdlGñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþGacTamTarnUvkéRmenHBIGñkep£I edaysarEtTMnak;TMngKtiyutþrvagGñkep£I nig GñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþRtUv)anTTYlsÁal; . cMeBaHcMnYnénkéRmb:unμan GaRs½yeTAelIl½kçx½NÐepSg² dUcCa etIGñkep£I nig GñkTTYlbeBaØImaneFVIkic©RBmeRBogcMeBaHkéRmEdr b¤eT nig etIGñkTTYlbeBaØI nig GñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþ maneFVI kic©RBmeRBogEdlBak;B½n§CamYynwgkéRmEdr b¤eT CaGaT× . karBicarNaCamUldæanmandUcteTA ³ GñkTTYl beBaØIbnþGacTamTarkéRmBIGñkep£IrhUtdl;cMnYnGtibrma éncMnYnEdl)anRBmeRBogKñarvagGñkTTYlbeBaØI nig GñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþ ¬]bmafa 100¦ nig kñúgTMhMéncMnYnkéRmEdlGñkep£I nig GñkTTYlbeBaØI)anRBmeRBog ¬]bmafa 80¦ ¬kñúgkrNIenH GñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþGacTamTar)an 80¦ .

kfaxNÐTI 3 bBa¢ak;CaBiessGMBIkrNIykic©sgvtßúbeBaØI . GñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþmankrNIykic©sgvtßúeTA[ GñkTTYlbeBaØIvijtamkic©snüabeBaØIbnþEdl)ancuHCamYyGñkTTYlbeBaØI . b:uEnþ müa::gvijeTot GñkTTYlbeBaØI bnþ mankrNIykic©sgvtßú[GñkepJIvij edayeyagtamkfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenH . TMnak;TMngrvagkrNIykic© TaMgBIrenHKWCabBaða . kfaxNÐTI 3 )anbBa¢ak;ya:gc,as;fa RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþsgvtßúbeBaØIeTA GñkepJIvij GñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþminGacGnuvtþkrNIykic©tamkic©snüabeBaØIbnþCamYyGñkTTYlbeBaØI)aneTot b:uEnþ GñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþnwgminTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkarminGnuvtþkatBVkic©eT . maRtaenHmin)anbBaØtþGMBIkrNIykic© sgEdlGñkTTUlbeBaØIbnþmancMeBaHGñkepJI kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþ)ansgvtßúbeBaØIeTAGñkTTYlbBaØIeT b:uEnþ RbsinebIGñkTUYlbeBaØIbnþenaH)ansgvtßúbeBaØI eTAGñkTTYlbeBaØIrYcehIy Gñkep£IElgGacTamTar[ GñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþsgvtßúbeBaØImkxøÜnvijeTotehIy .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 105 nig kfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 107 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un EdlRtUv)anykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr edayeyagtam kfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 658 énRkmdEdlenaH

maRta 679>- krNIykic©CUndMNwgrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI RbsinebIttiyCnEdlGHGagGMBIsiT§icMeBaHvtßúbeBaØI )andak;BakübNþwg

cMeBaHGñkTTYlbeBaØI b¤ vtßúbeBaØI RtUv)anrwbGUs GñkTTYlbeBaØIRtUvCUndMNwg

GMBIehtuenaH eTA[Gñkep£I edayK μankaryWtya:v .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHpþl;[GñkepJInUv»kaskarBarsiT§irbs;xøÜn tamry³karCUndMNwgeTAGñkep£IenaH kñúgkrNIEdl

124

ttiyCnGnuvtþsiT§i edayGHGagfa xøÜnmankm μsiT§ielIvtßúbeBaØIenaH . RbsinebIGñkepJITTYldMNwgfa ttiyCn )anGnuvtþsiT§i GñkepJIGacRbmUlPsþútagEdlbBa¢ak;fa kmμsiT§irbs;GñkepJImansuBlPaB ehIypþl;PsþútagenaH eTAGñkTTYlbeBaØI edIm,I[GñkTTYlbeBaØIGaceFVIskmμPaBbNþwg CaGaT× edIm,IplRbeyaCn_dl;GñkTTYlbeBaØI .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 660 nig maRta 615 ¬krNIykic©CUndMNwgcMeBaHkrNIPtisnüa¦énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un

maRta 680>- karTamTar[sg BIGñkepJI eTaHbICaPaKI)ankMNt;GMLúgeBlénkarsgvtßúbeBaØIk¾eday Gñkep£IGacTam

Tar[sgvtßúbeBaØIenaH enAeBlNak¾)an .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHbBa¢ak;BIeBlevlaEdlGñkepJIGacTamTar[sgvijnUvvtßúbeBaØI . edaysarbeBaØIRtUv)aneFVIeLIg

edIm,IplRbeyaCn_rbs;GñkepJI GñkTTYlbeBaØIminmanplRbeyaCn_pÞal;xøÜnGVIkñúgkarbnþbeBaØIeT elIkElgEt kéRm . ehtudUecñH eTaHbICakic©snüabeBaØImankMNt;GMLúgeBlk¾eday k¾GñkepJIGacTamTar[sgvij enAeBl Nak¾)an . KMnitenHRtUv)anTTYlsÁal;enAkñúgc,ab;énRbeTsepSg²CaeRcIn .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 662 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un nig maRta 1944 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg

maRta 681>- karsgBIGñkTTYlbeBaØI 1-RbsinebIPaKIBMu)ankMNt;GMLúgeBlénkarsgvtßúbeBaØIeT GñkTTYlbeBaØI

GacsgvtßúbeBaØIenaH enAeBlNak¾)an . 2-RbsinebImankMNt;GMLúgeBlEdlRtUvsg ebIK μanmUlehtuEdlBMuGac

eCosvag)aneT GñkTTYlbeBaØIminGacsgvtßúbeBaØI enAmuneBlkMNt;)aneLIy .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIviFannana EdlTak;TgnwgkarsgnUvvtßúbeBaØIedayGñkTTYlbeBaØI . enAkñúgkic©snüabeBaØI CaTUeTA eBlkMNt;RtUvsgRtUv)ankMNt;edIm,IRbeyaCn_rbs;GñkepJI . mann½yfa

GñkepJIrMBwgfa GñkTTYlbeBaØInwgrkSaTukvtßúrhUtdl;eBlRtUvsg . edIm,IkarBarnUvkarrMBwgTukenaH kfaxNÐTI 2

125

Ecgfa enAeBlmankarkMNt;GMBIeBlRtUvsgvtßúvij CaeKalkarN_ GñkTTYlbeBaØIminGacsgvtßúbeBaØI enAmun eBlkMNt;)aneT . b:uEnþ GñkTTYlbeBaØIGacsgvtßúbeBaØImuneBlkMNt;)an RbsinebImanmUlehtuEdlminGac eCosvag)an dUcCakarrkSaTuk minGaceFVIeTA)an edaysarkarxUcxatsmÖar³sRmab;sþúkenAkEnøgepJI CaedIm .

RbsinebIeBlsRmab;sgminRtUv)ankMNt;eT vaminc,as;eTfa Gñkep£Icg;[GñkTTYlbeBaØIrkSaTukvtßúbeBaØI rhUtdl;eBlNaenaHeT . dUecñH plRbeyaCn_rbs;GñkepJInwgminRtUv)aneFVI[xUcxateRcIneT RbsinGñkTTYl beBaØIGacsgvtßúenAeBlNak¾)an ¬kfaxNÐTI 1¦ .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 682>- Gtßn½yénkrNIykic©sg 1-GñkTTYlbeBaØI mankrNIykic©sgvtßúdEdl Edl)anTTYlenAeBlep£I . 2-enAkñúgkrNIEdlGñkTTYlbeBaØI BMuTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkareFVI[)at;bg; b¤

Ebk)ak;vtßúbeBaØIeT RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØI)anTTYlR)ak;Fanara:b;rg b¤ vtßúepSg

eTot CMnYsvtßúbeBaØIEdlRtUv)aneFVI[)at;bg; b¤ Ebk)ak;enaH GñkTTYlbeBaØIman

krNIykic©RtUvsgvtßúEdl)aneFVI])aeTskm μenaH [eTAGñkep£Ivij .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIGVIEdlGñkTTYlbeBaØIRtUvsgenAeBlEdlGñkTTYlbeBaØIenaHsgvtßúep£IeTAvij . kñúgkic©snüabeBaØIFmμta GñkTTYlbeBaØIRtUvsgnUvvtßúdEdl dUcEdl)anTTYlenAeBlTTYlbeBaØI elIkElg

EtkñúgkrNIénbeBaØIbriePaK EdlGñkTTYlbeBaØIGacbriePaKvtßúenaH)an ¬maRta 690¦ . kfaxNÐTI 2 bBaØtþGMBIkrNIEdlvtßúbeBaØIRtUv)aneFVI[)at;bg; b¤ Ebk)ak; . RbsinebIvtßúenaHRtUv)aneFVI[

)at;bg; b¤ Ebk)ak; bNþalmkBIkMhusrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI GñkTTYlbeBaØIenaH RtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsgnUv sMNgénkarxUcxateTA[GñkepJI . edaysarbBaðaenHGacRtUv)anecjBIeKalkarN_TUeTATak;TgeTAnwgkar TTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkarminGnuvtþkatBVkic© maRtaenHmin)anEcgGMBIcMNucenHeLIy .

RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØIK μankMhuscMeBaHkar)at;bg; b¤ karEbk)ak;vtßúbeBaØIeT GñkTTYlbeBaØIGacsgeTAvij nUvvtßútamPaBCak;Esþg ¬RbsinebIvtßúRtUv)aneFVI[xUcxat GñkTTYlbeBaØIGacsgvtßúEdlxUcxatenaH¦ . b:uEnþ RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØI)anTTYlnUvvtßúCMnYsvtßúEdl)at;bg; b¤ Ebk)ak; GñkTTYlbeBaØIRtUvEtRbKl;nUvvtßúCMnYs enaHeTA[GñkepJI . ]TahrN_ RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØI)anTTYlR)ak;Fanara:b;rg GñkTTYlbeBaØIRtUvRbKl;

126

R)ak;Fanara:b;rgenaH[eTAGñkepJI . ebIniyay[twgrwugeTA RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØImankarFanara:b;rgelI karTTYlxusRtUv kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTTYlbeBaØIminRtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsgsMNgkarxUcxat R)ak;Fanara:b;rg minRtUv)anbg;eTAGñkTTYlbeBaØIeT . kñúgkrNIénkarFanara:b;rgcMeBaHkarxUcxat edaysarkmμsiT§ikrKYrEt begáItkic©snüaFanara:b;rg CaTUeTA KμanR)ak;Fanara:b;rgNamYynwgRtUv)anbg;eTA[GñkTTYlbeBaØIeT . b:uEnþ edaysarGacmankrNIEdlGñkTTYlbeBaØIEdlminmankmμsiT§i begáItkic©snüaFanara:b;rgya:gTUlMTUlayelI haniP½yTUeTA RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØI)anbegáItkic©snüaEbbenH GñkTTYlbeBaØIGacTTYlR)ak;Fanara:b;rg tam xøwmsarénkic©snüaFanara:b;rgenaH)an . kñúgkrNIenH GñkTTYlbeBaØIRtUvRbKl;R)ak;Fanara:b;rgenaHeTAGñkepJI . RbsinebIvtßúbeBaØIRtUv)aneFVI[xUcxatbNþalmkBIGMeBIGnItüanukUlrbs;ttiyCn siT§iTamTarsMNgkarxUcxat KWminEmnCarbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØIeT b:uEnþ Carbs;m©as;vtßúbeBaØI . dUecñH GñkTTYlbeBaØIminRtUvTTYlsMNgkar xUcxateLIy . b:uEnþ mankrNIxøHEdlttiyCnenaHmindwgfa km μsiT§ikrenAÉNa ehIysgsMNgkarxUcxatenH eTAGñkTTYlbeBaØI)an edIm,I[GñkTTYlbeBaØIRbKl;sMNgkarxUcxatenaHeTAGñkepJI . kñúgkrNIenH GñkTTYl beBaØIRtUvRbKl;nUvsMNgkarxUcxatEdlxøÜn)anTTYlenaHeTAGñkepJI .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 1932 ¬krNIykic©sgnUvvtßúdEdl viFanBiesskñúgkrNICaR)ak;¦/ maRta 1933 ¬karsgvij nUvvtßú tamsßanPaBCak;EsþgenAeBlEdlRtUvsg¦ nig maRta 1934 ¬karsgvtßúEdlRtUv)an])aeTskmμ¦ énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg

maRta 683>- karcat;Ecgpl CaGaT× kñúgkrNIEdl)anTTYlpl b¤ cMNUlEdlekIteLIgBIvtßúbeBaØI GñkTTYl

beBaØI RtUvRbKl;pl b¤ cMNUlenaH [eTAGñkep£I .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHkMNt;GMBIrebobcat;EcgplEdlekIteLIgBIvtßúbeBaØI . ]TahrN_mYycMnYnénpldUcCa kUnstVEdlekItmkBIstVEdlRtUv)anepJI nig plcMeNjEdl)anmkBI

GclnvtßúEdlRtUv)anepJI ¬dUcCaplcMeNj)anmkBIkEnøgctrfynþEdl)andak;CabeBaØII¦ . b:uEnþ edaysar stVRtUvkarEfTaM vamankarlM)akkñúgkarykstVmkeFVICakmμvtßúénkic©snüabeBaØIEdlRKan;EtedIm,I {rkSaTuk} vtßú . tamkarCak;Esþg kic©snüaGaNtþinwgRtUv)aneRbIR)as;sRmab;karrkSaTukstV . krNIEdlplekItBIGclnvtßú k¾minxusKñaEdr KWkic©snüaGaNtþiEdlEcgGMBIkarRKb;RKgCaviC¢man RtUv)aneRbIjwkjab;Cagkic©snüabeBaØIEdl

127

maneKalbMNgRtwmEtedIm,IrkSaTukvtßúb:ueNÑaH . bBaØtþiTaMgLayEdlBak;B½n§nwgeBlsgvtßúbeBaØI RtUvykmkGnuvtþcMeBaHeBlEdlRtUvRbKl;pl b¤ pl

cMeNjEdr .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 646 ¬krNIykic©RbKl;vtßúEdl)anTTYl¦ énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un EdlRtUv)anykmkGnuvtþdUc KñapgEdr edayeyagtammaRta 665 énRkmdEdl nig maRta 1936 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg

maRta 684>- beBaØICaR)ak; 1-RbsinebI)anTTYlkarepJICaR)ak; GñkTTYlbeBaØI RtUvrkSaTuk tamrebob

Edl)ankMNt;kñúgkic©snüa . enAkñúgkrNIenH ebIKμankarsnüaCaBiesseT

GñkTTYlbeBaØI BMumankrNIykic©bg;karR)ak;eLIy . 2-kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTTYlbeBaØI GacrkSaTukR)ak; edaydak;CaR)ak;beBaØI

kñúgFnaKar bBaØtþiénmaRta 683 ¬karcat;Ecgpl CaGaT×¦ xagelIenH RtUvykmk

GnuvtþpgEdr cMeBaHkarR)ak;enaH .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIbeBaØICaR)ak;EdlminEmnCabeBaØIbriePaK . edaysarbeBaØIenHminEmnCabeBaØIbriePaKeT

GñkTTYlbeBaØIminGaceRbIR)as;R)ak;enaHeT . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTTYlbeBaØIrkSaTukR)ak; edaydak;Ca R)ak;beBaØIkñúgFnaKar FnaKarGaceRbIR)ak;enaH)an .

rebobrkSaTukR)ak; mandUcCakarrkSaTukedayxøÜnpÞal;edaydak;R)ak;enaHkñúgeRsamsMbuRt b¤ karrkSaTuk edaydak;CaR)ak;beBaØIkñúgFnaKar CaGaT× . RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØIrkSaTukR)ak;edayxøÜnpÞal; edaydak; R)ak;enaHenAkñúgeRsamsMbuRt R)ak;enaHminbegáItkarR)ak;eT ehtudUecñH GñkTTYlbeBaØImincaM)ac;bg;karR)ak; eTAGñkepJIeT . b:uEnþ RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØIrkSaTukR)ak;edaykardak;CaR)ak;beBaØIenAkñúgFnaKar R)ak;enaHnwg begáItkarR)ak;sRmab;R)ak;bBaØIenAFanaKar ehIykarR)ak;enHRtUvEbreTACakarR)ak;rbs;GñkepJI .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 1936 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg ¬beBaØICaR)ak;KμankarR)ak;¦

maRta 685>- esah‘uyénkarsgvtßúbeBaØI

128

enAkñúgbeBaØIedayminykkéRm esah‘uycaM)ac;énkarsgvtßúbeBaØI RtUvCa bnÞúkrbs;Gñkep£I . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTTYlbeBaØI )anpøas;bþÚrkEnøgepJI esah‘uy

énkarsgvtßúbeBaØI EdlekIneLIgedaysarkarpøas;bþÚrkEnøgenaH RtUvCabnÞúkrbs; GñkTTYlbeBaØI .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgbBa¢ak;fa etIGñkNaRtUvTTYlbnÞúkelIesah‘uyEdlRtUvcMNaysRmab;karsgvijnUvvtßúbeBaØI .

CaeKalkarN_ esah‘uysRmab;karsg KWCabnÞúkrbs;kUnbMNul ¬maRta 446¦ . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIénbeBaØI edayminykkéRm vaminsmrmüeT RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØI EdlCakUnbMNulcMeBaHkatBVkic©sgvijnUvvtßúbBaØI RtUvTTYlbnÞúkelIesah‘uy . ehtudUecñH maRtaenHkMNt;GMBIbBaØtþiBiesscMeBaHmaRta 446 .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 1942 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg ¬karsgenAkEnøgEdl)ankMNt;kñúgkic©snüa esah‘uyKYrCabnÞúk rbs;GñkepJI¦

maRta 686>- krNIykic©sgesah‘uyvij rbs;Gñkep£I 1-Gñkep£I caM)ac;RtUvbg;esah‘uyEdlcaM)ac; kñúgkarrkSaTukvtßúbeBaØI . 2-GñkTTYlbeBaØI GacTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxat EdlbNþalmkBIvtßú

beBaØI edayminEmnCakMhusrbs;xøÜn BIGñkepJI)an .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIesah‘uysRmab;karrkSaTukvtßúbeBaØI nig bnÞúkénkarxUcxatEdlbNþalmkBIbeBaØI . sUm,IEtkñúgkrNIénbeBaØIedayminykkéRm esah‘uysRmab;karrkSaTukvtßúbeBaØI k¾RtUvEtCabnÞúkrbs;GñkepJI

Edr . BIeRBaH :minykkéRm : mann½yfa minbg;nUvlaPskáar³eTAGñkTTYlbeBaØI dUecñH kéRmminBak;B½n§CamYy esah‘uycMNayCak;EsþgsRmab;karrkSaTukeT . RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØIrkSaTukvtßúedaykarkøaesenaH Gñk TTYlbeBaØI GacTamTaréføGKÁisnI CaGaT× BIGñkepJI)an sUm,IEtkñúgkrNICabeBaØIedayminykkéRmk¾eday .

RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØITTYlkarxUcxatedaysarvtßúbeBaØI edayminEmnmkBIkMhusrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI vaCakarsmRsbnwgsmPaBEdlGñkepJIRtUvsgsMNgkarxUcxatenaHeTAGñkTTYlbeBaØI . ]TahrN_ RbsinebI pÞHrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØIRtUv)anbMpøicbMpøajedaysarEtkarpÞúHvtßúbeBaØI GñkepJIRtUvTTYlbnÞúknUvkarxUcxatenaH .

129

GñkepJIRtUvbg;esah‘uy b¤ sgsMNgénkarxUcxat enAeBlEdlesah‘uy b¤ karxUcxatenaHekIteLIg . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 649/ kfaxNÐTI 1 nig kfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRta 650 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un EdlRtUv)anykmk GnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr edayeyagtammaRta 665 énRkmdEdl

maRta 687>- kEnøgsg RbsinebImin)ankMNt;kñúgkic©snüa karsgvtßúbeBaØI caM)ac;RtUveFVIenAkEnøg

EdlRtUvrkSaTukvtßúbeBaØIenaH . b:uEnþ RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØI)anpøas;bþÚrkEnøgrkSa TukvtßúenaH edaymanmUlehtuRtwmRtUv karsgGaceFVIenAkEnøgrkSaTukCak;Esþg

naeBlsg)an .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBITIkEnøgsgvtßúbeBaØI . cMeBaHTIkEnøgEdlRtUvsg maRta 445 Ecgfa cMeBaHvtßúEdl)an

kMNt;Cak;lak; kUnbMNulRtUvRbKl;vtßúenaH enATIkEnøgEdlvtßúenaH)ansßitenA naeBlEdlsiT§ielIbMNul)an ekIteLIg cMENkÉcMeBaHkatBVkic©epSgeTotvij kUnbMNulRtUvsgenAlMenAzanbc©úb,nñrbs;m©as;bMNul . b:uEnþ cMeBaHkrNIénbeBaØIvij vaCakarsmrmükñúgkarsgvtßúbBaØI enAkEnøgEdlvtßúenaHRtUv)anrkSaTuk kñúgkrNIén bBaØIvtßúCak;lak;k¾eday b¤ minCak;lak;k¾eday . mUlehtuKWedaysarEtbeBaØIKWCakic©snüaEdlmanxøwmsar RKan;EtrkSaTukb:ueNÑaH . RbsinebIGñkTTYleBaØIRtUvsgvtßúbeBaØI enAkEnøgepSgBIkEnøgEdlvtßúenaHRtUv)an rkSaTuk haniP½yf μ InwgekIteLIg enAeBlGñkTTYlbeBaØIsgvtßú ¬]TahrN_ kar)at;bg;kñúgeBldwkCBa¢Ún¦ CamYynwglT§plenH bnÞúkrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØItamkic©snüabeBaØI nwgekIneLIg .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 688>- siT§iXat;Tuk rbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI GñkTTYlbeBaØI GacXat;TukvtßúbeBaØI rhUtdl;eBlEdlGñkep£I)anbg;

esah‘uy nig sMNgénkarxUcxat EdlbBaØtþenAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 nig TI 2 én

maRta 686 ¬krNIykic©sgesah‘uyvij rbs;Gñkep£I¦ énRkmenH )an .

130

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIsiT§iXat;Tukrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI . tamniymn½yénsiT§iXat;TukenAkñúgmaRta 774

manPaBc,as;las;ehIyfa siT§iXat;TukekIteLIgcMeBaHsiT§iTamTar[sgesah‘uy nig siT§iTamTarsMNg karxUcxatrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI b:uEnþ maRtaenHRtUv)andak;bBa©ÚlenATIenH edIm,IbBa¢ak;[kan;Etc,as;EfmeTot . kñúgkrNIénbeBaØI siT§iXat;TukEtgEtekIteLIgCaTmøab; edaysarlkçN³énkic©snüa ehtudUecñH maRtaenH RtUv)andak;bBa©ÚlenATIenH .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 2293 énRkmrdæb,evNIekbic

EpñkTI 2 beBaØIedayrYmbBa©ÚlKña

maRta 689>- beBaØIedayrYmbBa©ÚlKña RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØI TTYlbeBaØI nUvvtßúEdlmanRbePTdUcKña BIGñkepJI

eRcInnak; ehIyGacrkSaTukrYmbBa©ÚlKña edaymin)ac;EbgEckvtßúbeBaØIenaH tam

kic©snüa GñkepJInImYy² mansiT§ieTAtamsmamaRténcMnYnvtßúepJIrbs;xøÜn cMeBaHvtßú TaMgmUl EdlRtUv)anrkSaTukedayrYmbBa©ÚlKña .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIbeBaØIedayrYmbBa©ÚlKña . beBaØIedayrYmbBa©ÚlKña nwgekItLIg ]TahrN_ kñúgkrNIEdl

m©as;XøaMgRtUv)anksikrCaeRcInpÞúkpþak;[rkSaTukRsUvrbs;BYkeKmñak;² 1 etan CaGaT× . RbsinebIRsUvenaH manRbePT nig KuNPaBdUcKña karrkSaTukedayrYmKñaKWmanlkçN³snSMsMéc nig gayRKb;RKg . RbsinebIRsUv rbs;ksikreRcInnak;RtUv)anrkSaTukrYmKña RsUvenaHRtUvlaycUlKña ehtudUecñH RsUvEdlm©as;XøaMgnwgsg KWCa RsUvEdlRtUv)anlaycUlKñaenaH eBalKWminEmnCaRsUvedImEdl)andak;CabeBaØIenaHeT ebIniyay[twgrwug . dUecñH krNIenHminsßitenAeRkamGtßn½yénbeBaØIEdlfa RtUvsg {vtßúdEdl} ¬maRta 669¦ enaHeT . dUecñH karGnuBaØat[manbBaØIedayrYmbBa©ÚlKña tRmUv[mankarbegáItnUvbBaØtþiBiess .

beBaØIedayrYmbBa©ÚlKña xusBIbeBaØIbriePaK . RbsinebIbeBaØIbriePaKmankm μvtßúCaRsUv GñkTTYlbeBaØIGac briePaKRsUvenaH)an . kñúgkrNIenH enAeBlRtUvsgeTAvij GñkTTYlbeBaØIRtUvykRsUvRbePTdEdl mkRbKl; eTA[GñkepJI . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIénbeBaØIedayrYmbBa©ÚlKña GñkTTYlbeBaØIGacminbriePaKRsUv)aneT . GñkTTYl beBaØI GacRKan;EtrkSaRsUvedayrYmbBa©ÚlKñaCamYyRsUvrbs;GñkepJIdéTepSgeTotb:ueNÑaH .

131

eTaHbICabeBaØIedayrYmbBa©ÚlKñaRsedogKñaeTAnwgkarlayRcbl;Kñak¾eday k¾bBaØtþiénmaRta 198 minRtUv ykkGnuvtþcMeBaHbeBaØIedayrYmbBa©ÚlKñaeLIy . eyagtammaRta 198 RbsinebIclnvtßúEdllayRcbl;Kña manTaMgvtßúcm,g nig vtßúcMNuH m©as;vtßúcm,gTTYl)annUvkmμsiT§ielIclnvtßúTaMgGs; cMENkÉm©as;vtßúcMNuH TTYl)anEtsMNgb:ueNÑaH . eKalbMNgénmaRta 198 KWedIm,IkMNt;kmμsiT§ikrEtmYytamEdlGaceFVIeTA)an . b:uEnþ beBaØIedayrYmbBa©ÚlKña minmaneKalbMNgdUcKñaeT KWCaRbB½n§EdlsRmYldl;karrkSaTuk . ehtudUecñH maRtaenHdkecjnUvkarGnuvtþmaRta 198 ehIybegáItnUvTMnak;TMngKtiyutþBiesskñúgkrNIénbeBaØIedayrYm bBa©ÚlKña . eTaHbICacMNucbnþbnÞab;minRtUv)anEcg[c,as;enAkñúgmaRtaenHk¾eday k¾vaKYrEtRtUv)anKitfa GñkepJImñak;²mankmμsiT§iGviPaKelIvtßúrYmbBa©ÚlKñaTaMgRsug eTAtamsmamaRténcMnYntßúEdlxøÜn)anepJIEdr . ehIyvtßúEdlRtUv)anbMEbkecjBIvtßúrYmbBa©ÚlKña GackøayCakmμvtßúénkm μsiT§idac;edayELkrbs;GñkepJInImYy² . enHKWCaRbePTmYyénkarEbgEckvtßúkm μsiT§iGviPaK .

]TahrN_EdlbeBaØIedayrYmbBa©ÚlKñaRtUv)aneRbIR)as; mandUcCakrNIdUc)anerobrab;xagelI Edlksikr eRcInnak;epJIRbePTRKab;FBaØCatiRbePTdUcKña eTAXøaMgksikm μ ehIyeRkABIenH manRbB½n§rkSaRKb;RKg nig epÞr ]bkrN_EdlGacCYjdUr)an ¬Central Certificate Depository and Transfer System¦ EdlRbmUlmkrkSaTuknUv ]bkrN_EdlGacCYjdUr)an .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ maRta 7 énc,ab;sþIBIkarRKb;RKgXøaMgksikm μ ¬Agricultural Warehouse Law¦ nig Rbkar 2 énRbkas

sþIBIkarcuHbBa¢ICakBa©b;nUvb½NÑbMNulrdæ ¬Ministerial Ordinance concerning Shelf-registration of Government

Bonds¦ rbs;Cb:un

EpñkTI 3 beBaØIbriePaK

maRta 690>- beBaØIbriePaK enAkñúgkic©snüabeBaØI ebI)anRBmeRBog[GñkTTYlbeBaØI GacbriePaKvtßú

beBaØI)an GñkTTYlbeBaØI mankrNIykic©sgvtßúEdlmanRbePT nig cMnYndUcKñanwg

vtßúbeBaØIenaH .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIbeBaØIbriePaK . kñúgkrNIbeBaØIFm μta GñkTTYlbeBaØIrkSaTukvtßúEdlxøÜn)anTTYlBIGñkepJI

ehIysgvijnUvvtßúdEdl enAeBlkMNt;sg rIÉkñúgkrNIénbeBaØIbriePaK GñkTTYlbeBaØIGacbriePaKvtßúEdlRtUv

132

)anepJIedayGñkepJIenaH ehIyenAeBlkMNt;sg GñkTTYlbBaØIGacykvtßúEdlmanRbePTdUcKñamksgvij)an . kñúgkrNIénbeBaØIbriePaK vaRtUv)anKitfa kmμsiT§iénvtßúbeBaØIRtUv)anepÞreTA[GñkTTYlbeBaØI .

beBaØIbriePaKGacGnuvtþ)ancMeBaHR)ak; plitplksikmμ nig eRKOgRsvwg . beBaØIenAFnaKarRtUv)anKit faCabeBaØIbriePaK . ehtuGVI)anCabeBaØIenAFnaKarminEmnCakarx©IbriePaK b:uEnþ CabeBaØIbriePaKeTAvij ? edaysarEtbeBaØIbriePaK KWCaRbePTénbeBaØI vtßúbeBaØIenHRtUv)anepJIedIm,IplRbeyaCn_rbs;GñkepJI . RbsinebI GñkepJIenaHeFVIkarrkSaTukR)ak;edayxøÜnÉg eKnwgRbfuyRbfanCamYyecarkmμ ehIyebIKμancMeNHdwgGMBIvinieyaK TuneT GñkenaHk¾minGaceFVIvinieyaK)anpg . edIm,IeCosvaghaniP½yenH ehIyedIm,ITTYlplRbeyaCn_pg GñkepJInwgepJIR)ak;enAFnaKar . ehtudUecñH enHCakarsmrmükñúgkaryl;eXIjfa beBaØIenAFnaKarKWCabeBaØI briePaK . pÞúyeTAvij karx©IbriePaKRtUv)anbegáIteLIgedIm,IplRbeyaCn_rbs;Gñkx©I . karx©IR)ak;sRmab; eFVICMnYj b¤ sRmab;karcMNaykñúgCIvPaBrs;enA RtUv)aneFVIeLIgedIm,IplRbeyaCn_rbs;Gñkx©I . kñúgn½yenH karx©IbriePaK KWxusKñaBIbeBaØIbriePaK .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 700 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g; nig maRta 1932 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg ¬kñúgkrNIbeBaØICaR)ak; GñkTTYlbeBaØIGacsgR)ak;nUvRbePT nig cMnYndUcKña¦

maRta 691>- karGnuvtþdUcKña tambBaØtþisþIBIkarx©IbriePaK bBaØtþisþIBIkarx©IbriePaK RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr cMeBaHbeBaØIbriePaK

Edl)ankMNt;enAkñúgmaRta 690 ¬beBaØIbriePaK¦ xagelIenH . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIenH RbsinebIK μankMNt;GMLúgeBlsgenAkñúgkic©snüaeT Gñkep£IGacTamTar[sg enA eBlNak¾)an .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHbBa¢ak;GMBITMnak;TMngénsiT§i nig krNIykic© rvagGñkepJI nig GñkTTYlbeBaØI enAkñúgkrNI

beBaØIbriePaK . maRtaenHEcgfa bBaØtþisþIBIkarx©IbriePaK RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr cMeBaHbeBaØIbriePaK elIkElgEt

eBlEdlRtUvsgecj . cMNucsMxan;mandUcteTA ³ TImYy enAkñúgkrNIbeBaØIbriePaK edaysarEtkmμsiT§ielIvtßúbeBaØIRtUv)anepÞreTA[GñkTTYlbeBaØI GñkTTYl

beBaØI GacbriePaKvtßúenaHedayesrI .

133

TIBIr ral;karcMNayTaMgGs;sRmab;vtßúbeBaØI nig karxUcxatTaMgLayEdlbNþalmkBIvtßúbeBaØIenaH RtUvCabnÞúkrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI ehIyplEdlekItecjBIvtßúbeBaØIenaH RtUvkøayeTACakm μsiT§irbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI .

b:uEnþ cMeBaHeBlsg CaeKalkarN_ GñkepJIGacTamTar[sgenAeBlNak¾)an tamviFansþIBIbeBaØI CMnYs[viFansþIBIkarx©IbriePaK . edaysarbeBaØIbriePaK KWCaRbePTmYyénbeBaØI EdlRtUv)aneFVIeLIgedIm,I plRbeyaCn_rbs;GñkepJI RbsinebIGñkepJImanbMNgTamTar[sg plRbeyaCn_rbs;GñkepJIenaH RtUv)ankarBar . pÞúyeTAvij edaysarkarx©IbriePaKKWCarbbmYyEdlpþl;plRbeyaCn_dl;Gñkx©I vaminsmrmüeT ebIykviFansþIBIbeBaØIEdlmanxøwmsarfa Gñkx©IRtUvsgR)ak;enAeBlNaEdlGñk[x©ITamTar[sg mkGnuvtþ cMeBaHkarx©IbriePaK .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


EpñkTI 4 visuNæab½n

maRta 692>- niymn½yénvisuNæab½n visuNæab½n sMedAeTAelIkic©snüamYy EdlbuKÁleRcInnak; manvivaTelI

siT§ikan;kab; b¤ km μsiT§iénvtßú ykvtßúEdlCakm μvtßúénvivaTenaH epJITukenAttiyCn

EdlehAfa visuNæabnik rhUtdl;eBlGñkEdlmansiT§ienaH RtUv)ankMNt;Ca sßaBr .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIniymn½yénvisuNæab½n . visuNæab½nmantYnaTIRsedogKñaeTAnwgkartmál; b:uEnþ visuNæab½n

manPaBxusKñaBIkartmál;Rtg;cMNucdUcteTA ³ TImYy KW cMeBaHkartmál; KWkariyal½ytmál;TTYlrkSaTuknUvvtßú EdlCakm μvtßúénvivaT kñúgnamCasßab½nsaFarN³ rIÉcMeBaHvisuNæab½nvij GñkEdlrkSaTukvtßúenaH mincaM)ac;Ca sßab½nsaFarN³eLIy . TIBIr KW CaFm μta kartmál;RKbdNþb;EtelIR)ak; nig ]bkrN_EdlGacCYjdUr)an b:ueNÑaH ¬eTaHbICavaEp¥keTAelIc,ab;sþIBIkartmál;bBaØtþfaya:gNak¾eday¦ cMENkÉvisuNæab½nvij RKbdNþb; elIclnvtßú nig Gclnvtßú .

eTaHbICaRbB½n§visuNæab½n minmankñúgRbeTsmYycMnYn ¬dUcCaRbeTsCb:un nig GaløWm:g; CaedIm¦ k¾eday k¾vamanenAkñúgRbeTsmYycMnYnEdleRbIRbB½n§c,ab;)araMg ehIyRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa k¾manbBaØtþiEdl

134

Tak;TgnwgRbB½n§visuNæab½npgEdr . edaysarvisuNæab½nCaRbePTmYyénbeBaØI bBaØtþisþIBIbeBaØIFmμtaRtUvykmkGnuvtþ cMeBaHcMNucEdlmin)an

EcgenAkñúgEpñkTI 4 enH . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 1258 énRkmrdæb,evNIkm<úCacas;/ maRta 1955 nig maRtabnþbnÞab;énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg ¬visuNæab½nedaykarRBmeRBog nig visuNæab½nedaykarbgÁab;rbs;tulakar¦/ maRta 2305 dl;maRta 2311 énRkmrdæb,evNIekbic nig maRta 222 énKnßIsþIBIlT§km μRTBüsm,tþi énRkmrdæb,evNICb:uncas; ¬karrkSa Tuk¦

maRta 693>- PaKIénvisuNæab½n 1-kñúgkrNIEdlbuKÁleRcInnak; GHGagGMBIsiT§irbs;xøÜn cMeBaHvtßúEdlkan;

kab;edaybuKÁldéT buKÁlEdlmanvivaTeRcInnak;enH GaceFVIkic©snüa[ttiyCn

rkSaTukvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénvivaT edayTTYlkaryl;RBmBIGñkkan;kab; . kñúgkrNI enH kic©snüavisuNæab½nenH RtUvmanGanuPaB enAeBlEdlGñkkan;kab;vtßúEdlCa km μvtßúénvivaT )anRbKl;vtßúenaHeTA[ttiyCn .

2-kñúgkrNIEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH buKÁlEdlman

vivaTeRcInnak; k¾GaceFVIkic©snüabeBaØI edayykGñkkan;kab; eFVICavisuNæabnikenaH )an .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIGñkNaxøHCaPaKIénvisuNæab½n .

GñkepJImaneRcInnak;EdlmanvivaTKñaeTAvijeTAmkelIvtßúNamYy edayGHGagGMBIsiT§ielIvtßúenaH . b:uEnþ karKitrebobenH naM[Bi)akBnül;nUvkrNICa]TahrN_dUcteTA ³ enAeBlEdl A enAEtkan;kab;vtßúEdlCa km μvtßúénkarlk;eday A man B nig C mñak;²GHGagfa xøÜnCaGñkTij nig TamTar[ A RbKl;vtßúenaH A epJIvtßúenaHeTAttiyCn edIm,IeCosvagkarBak;B½n§kñúgvivaTrvag B nig C . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIenHpgEdr vasmrmüebIKitfa B nig C EdlCaPaKIvivaT KWCaGñkepJI ehIyedaysarEtvtßúsißtenAeRkamkarkan;kab;rbs; A visuNæab½nnwgmanGanuPaB luHRtaEt A RbKl;vtßúeTAttiyCn edaymankaryl;RBm .

135

kñúgkrNIenH RbsinebIéfølk;TijminRtUv)anbg;eT A GacP¢ab;nUvl½kçx½NÐsRmab;karRbKl;vtßúdUcteTA ³ A nwgRbKl;vtßúeTA[GñkmansiT§i CafñÚrnwgéfølk;Tij .

kñúg]TahrN_dEdlenH A EdlCaGñkkan;kab;vtßúenaH GackøayCavisuNæabnik)an ¬kfaxNÐTI 2¦ . kúñgkrNIenH edaysarEtvtßúenHsißtenAeRkamkarkan;kab;rbs;visuNæabnikRsab;ehIy vamincaM)ac;RtUveFVIkar RbKl;vtßúGVIeToteT .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 694>- l½kçx½NÐénsuBlPaB ebIK μankaryl;RBmBIbuKÁlEdlGHGagGMBIsiT§iTaMgGs;KñaeT beBaØIénvtßúEdl

Cakm μvtßúénvivaT BMumansuBlPaBeLIy .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgBIl½kçx½NÐénsuBlPaB . edaysarPaKIénvivaTRtUvkøayeTACaGñkepJI vaCakarsnñidæanCaFmμta

kñúgkarEcgfa visuNæab½nTamTar[mankaryl;RBmBIPaKITaMgGs; . maRta 698 EdlEcgGMBIvisuNæab½nedaykarbgÁab;rbs;tulakar KWCakrNIelIkElgcMeBaHmaRtaenH .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 695>- eKalkarN_ykkéRm enAkñúgvisuNæab½n Gñkep£ImankrNIykic©RtUvbg;kéRm[eTAvisuNæabnik .

kñúgkrNIEdlPaKImin)ankMNt;GMBIcMnYnTwkR)ak;énkéRmeT visuNæabnikGacTam

TarcMnYnTwkR)ak; CakéRmEdlsmrmü BIGñkep£I)an .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgfa CaeKalkarN_ visuNæab½nykkéRm . visuNæabnikGnuvtþnUvtYnaTIBiessedIm,IrkSaTukvtßúedIm,IedaHRsayvivaT CaCagrkSaTukvtßúenaHedaysarEt

snþancitþ . dUecñH visuNæabnikRtUvykcitþTukdak; edayRbugRby½tñ kñúgkarrkSaTuk nig RbKl;vtßúbeBaØIenaH ehIyvaminsmrmüeT ebIykkarep£IedayminykkéRmmkeFVICaeKalkarN_ . bEnßmelIenHeTot RbsinebI

136

visuNæab½nminykkéRmeT K μannrNaRBmTTYlnUvbeBaØIenHeT . karekIteLIgnUvvivaT minGacBüakr)aneT ehIyedIm,IGaceFVIvisuNæab½n[)anTan;eBlevla enAeBlEdlvivaTekIteLIg caM)ac;manbuKÁlEdlGacTTYl tYnaTICavisuNæabnik CaeTogTat; . RbsinebIvisuNæab½n CavisuNæab½nEdlminykkéRm visuNæabniknwgmin ekIncMnYneT . enHKWCaehtuplEdlykvisuNæab½n EdlykkéRmmkeFVICaeKalkarN_ .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 1261 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 1957 nig maRta 1958 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg

maRta 696>- karsgvtßúEdlCakm μvtßúénvivaT visuNæabnikmankrNIykic©RtUvsgvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénvivaTenaH cMeBaHbuKÁl

EdlRtUv)anTTYlsÁal;fa mansiT§i enAeRkayeBlEdlvivaT)anbBa©b; .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHKWCabBaØtþiBak;B½n§nwgkarsg nig karRbKl;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénvivaTEdlvisuNæabnik)anrkSaTuk

tamkic©snüavisuNæab½n . maRtaenHmanxøwmsarFm μta . kñúgkrNIénbeBaØIFm μta vtßúeBaØInwgRtUv)ansgeTAGñkepJI b:uEnþ kñúgvisuNæab½nvij GñkTTYlbeBaØIRtUvsg[eTAbuKÁlEdlRtUv)ankMNt;CasßaBrfaCaGñkEdlmansiT§i kñúgcMeNamGñkepJITaMgLayénvisuNæab½n . dUecñH maRtaenHKWCabBaØtþiBiesscMeBaHbBaØtþisþIBIbeBaØIFmμta .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 1263 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 2305 énRkmrdæb,evNIekbic

maRta 697>- karrMlaykic©snüavisuNæab½n visuNæabnikBMuGacsgvtßúenaH eTA[Gñkep£I enAmuneBlvivaTenaHRtUv)anedaH

RsayeLIy elIkElgEtkrNImankaryl;RBmBIGñkepJITaMgGs; .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHKWCabBaØtþiBak;B½n§nwgkarrMlaykic©snüavisuNæab½n . maRtaenHmann½yfa enAeBlGñkepJIxøH

kñúgcMeNamGñkepJIvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénvivaT TamTar[sgvtßú visuNæabnikminGacsgeTA[GñkepJIenaH)aneLIy . maRtaenHminkMNt;fa eBlNaeTIbGñkepJIGacTamTar[sgvtßúeT . b:uEnþ edaysarvisuNæab½nCaRbePTmYy énbeBaØI CaeKalkarN_ visuNæab½nk¾RtUv)aneFVIeLIgedIm,IplRbeyaCn_GñkepJIEdr . dUecñH enAeBlNak¾eday [EtGñkepJITamTar[sgvtßú GñkTTYlbeBaØIRtUvsgvtßúenaH . b:uEnþ enAkñúgkrNIénvisuNæab½n edaysarman

137

vivaTfa GñkNaCaGñkmansiT§icMeBaHvtßúenaH visuNæab½nminGacsgvtßúeT elIkElEtGñkepJITaMgGs;yl;RBm .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 2309 énRkmrdæb,evNI

maRta 698>- visuNæab½n edaykarbgÁab;rbs;tulakar kñúgkrNIEdlsiT§ikan;kab;vtßú b¤ km μsiT§iénvtßú RtUv)anykCakm μvtßúénvivaT

enAkñúgtulakar eTaHbICaKμankarRBmeRBogrvagPaKIk¾eday tulakarGac[ttiyCn

rkSaTukvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénvivaT)an .

¬kMNt;¦ kñúgdMeNIrkarénbNþwg tulakarGacKitfa vasmrmükñúgkarpÞúkpþak;[ttiyCnrkSaTukvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúén

vivaT . ]TahrN_ tulakarGacKitdUecñH kñúgkrNIEdlGñklk;kan;kab;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénvivaT b:uEnþ edaysar PaKITaMgBIrénvivaTedayGHGagmñak;²fa xøÜnCaGñkTijBitR)akd minyl;RBmcMeBaHvisuNæanb½n Gñklk;minGac eFVIvisuNæab½nedaykarRBmeRBog)aneLIy . RbsinebIc,ab;sþIBIkartmál;RKbdNþb;elIkrNIEbbenH bBaðaenH GacRtUv)anedaHRsay)an tamkartmál; . b:uEnþ RbsinebIc,ab;sþIBIkartmál;minGnuBaØat[tmál;nUvclnvtßú nig GclnvtßúeT bBaðaenHminGacRtUv)anedaHRsayedaykartmál;)aneLIy . kñúgkrNIenH vaCakargayRsYl RbsinebIvisuNæab½n GacRtUv)aneFVIedaykarbgÁab;rbs;tulakar)an .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 1264 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ 2311 énRkmrdæb,evNIeKbic

CMBUkTI 11 kic©snüaRkumh‘un

maRta 699>- niymn½yénkic©snüaRkumh‘un kic©snüaRkumh‘un sMedAeTAelIkic©snüabegáItCaRkum EdlK μankarerobcM

lkçN³CanItibuKÁl edIm,IRbkbkic©kar edayshkarKña edayPaKInImYy²eFVIkar vinieyaKRTBüFnerog²xøÜn .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgfa GacbegáItRkumh‘unedaykic©snüaRkumh‘un RBmTaMg)an[niymn½yénkic©snüaRkumh‘un .

138

enAkñúgkic©snüaRkumh‘un caM)ac;RtUvmanvinieyaKRTBüFnerog²xøÜn nig kic©RBmeRBogGMBIkic©karEdlRtUv)aneFVI edayshkarKña . maRtaenH)anEcgc,as;las;fa lkçN³Biessrbs;Rkumh‘unKWCaRkumEdlBMumanlkçN³Ca nItibuKÁl . RkumEdlmanxøwmsarCasarFatudUcRkumh‘unEdr KW nItibuKÁlsaCIvkm μEdlmankarTTYlxusRtUvKμan kRmit k¾b:uEnþ RkumenHGacmanlkçN³CanItibuKÁl . sUmemIl kfaxNÐTI 3 énmaRta 46 nig bBaØtþicab;BI maRta 101 dl; maRta 109 énRkmenH . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 1287 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa> maRta 667 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 705 nig maRta 706 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 1832 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 530 énc,ab;sþIBI katBVkic©rbs;sVIs

maRta 700>- karbegáItkic©snüaRkumh‘un 1-Rkumh‘un KWCaRkumEdl)anbegáItedaykarsnüa EdlPaKInImYy² vinieyaK

RTBüFnerog²xøÜn ehIyRbkbkic©karedayshkarKña . 2-RTBüFnEdlPaKInImYy²RtUvvinieyaK enAkñúgkic©snüaRkumhu‘n eRkABIsiT§i

elIRTBüsm,tþi GacykBlkm μ mkeFVICakm μvtßú)an . 3-kñúgkrNIEdlPaKI)anykR)ak;eFVICakmμvtßúénkarvinieyaKRTBüFn ebI

mankaryWty:avkñúgkarbg;R)ak;enaH eRkABIRtUvbg;karR)ak;énkaryWty:av k¾RtUvbg; eTAelIkarxUcxatEdlekIteLIgedaysarkaryWty:avenaH cMeBaHRkumh‘unpgEdr .

4-kñúgkrNIEdlskmμPaBénkarbegáItRkumh‘unrbs;PaKINamYy kñúgcMeNam

PaKIEdl)anRBmeRBogbegáItRkumh‘un køayeTACaemaX³ b¤ RtUv)anlubecal eday

eyagtambBaØtþiénEpñkTI 2 ¬vikar³kñúgkarbgðajqnÞ³ nig suBlPaBénkic©snüa¦ CMBUkTI 2 énKnßITI 4 RtUvcat;Tukfa Rkumh‘unenaH RtUv)anbegáIt edayPaKIdéTeTot .

b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlRkumh‘unBMuGacseRmceKalbMNg)an edaysarkgVHPaKIenaH RtUvcat;TukfaRkumh‘unenaH BMuRtUv)anbegáIteLIy .

¬kMNt;¦ ¬!¦ kfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRtaenH kMNt;niymn½yénRkumEdlehAfaCaRkumh‘un . müa:geTot kic©snüaRkumh‘un

139

KWCakic©snüaEdlRtUv)anbegáIteLIgedaykarRBmeRBog k¾b:uEnþ cMNucEdlRtUvRby½tñ KW bBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 336 RtUvykmkGnuvtþ cMeBaHkrNIEdlykkmμsiT§ielIGclnvtßú mkeFVICakm μvtßúénkarvinieyaK RTBüFn . ¬@¦ kfaxNÐTI 2 EcgGMBIxøwmsarénkarvinieyaKRTBüFn . eRkABIsiT§ielIRTBüsm,tþi Blkm μk¾GackøayeTACa km μvtßúénkarvinieyaKRTBüFnEdr . ¬#¦ kfaxNÐTI 3 CabBaØtþisþIBIKWkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkaryWtya:vkñúgkarbg;R)ak;tameBlkMNt; kñúgkrNIEdl km μvtßúénkarvinieyaKRTBüFnCaR)ak; . ¬$¦ kfaxNÐTI 4 EcgGMBIlT§plcMeBaHRkumh‘un kñúgkrNIEdlskm μPaBénkarbegáItrbs;GñkvinieyaKxøH køay eTACaemaX³ b¤ RtUv)anlubecal . edayBinitüemIleTAtameKalkarN_s½VyPaBénbuKÁlÉkCn RBmTaMg kareKarBnUvqnÞ³PaKI KYrEtTTYlsÁal;nUvGtßiPaBénRkumh‘un tamkarEdlGaceFVIeTA)an ehtuenHehIy)anCa bBaØtþienHTTYlsÁal;nUvkarbegáItRkumh‘unedaybuKÁlEdlCaPaKIdéT eTaHbICaskmμPaBénkarbegáItrbs;buKÁl Namñak; køayeTACaemaX³ b¤ RtUv)anlubecalk¾eday . b:uEnþ RbsinebIeKalbMNgénRkumh‘unminGacseRmc )anedaysarkgVHbuKÁlenaH karTTYlsÁal;nUvGtßiPaBénRkumh‘unenaHnwg)at;bg;nUvGtßn½y ehtuenHehIy kñúgkrNIenH RtUvcat;Tukfa Rkumh‘unenaHminRtUv)anbegáIteLIy . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 701>- km μsiT§iGviPaKénRTBüsm,tþiRkumh‘un 1-RTBüFnvinieyaKrbs;smaCikRkumh‘unnImYy² nig RTBüsm,tþiRkumh‘un

epSg²eTot RtUvsßitenAeRkamkm μsiT§iGviPaKrbs;smaCikRkumh‘unTaMgGs; . 2-smaCikRkumh‘un BMuGacTamTar[EbgEckRTBüsm,tþiRkumh‘un enAmun

eBleFVIkarCRmHbBa¢Irbs;Rkumh‘un )aneLIy . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlsmaCikTaMg

Gs;rbs;Rkumh‘un mankarRBmeRBog eTaHbICaenAmuneBleFVIkarCRmHbBa¢Ik¾eday

k¾GacTamTar[EbgEck)anEdr . 3-karEbgEckEdl)ankMNt;kñúgvaküxNÐTI 2 énkfaxNÐTI 2 xagelIenH

BMuGacykmkttaMgcMeBaHttiyCn Edl)aneFVICMnYjCamYynwgRkumh‘un enAmun

eBleFVIkarEbgEckenaH)aneLIy .

140

4-smaCikRkumh‘un BMuGaccat;EcgPaKEdlxøÜnman cMeBaHRTBüsm,tþiRkum

h‘unenaH )aneLIy .

¬kMNt;¦ ¬!¦ tamFm μta Rkumh‘unmanRTBüsm,tþiepSg² edIm,IseRmcnUveKaledAénkic©karrbs;xøÜn . RTBüsm,tþienH RtUv)aneRbIR)as; nig RKb;RKg edIm,IseRmcnUveKalbMNgénRkumh‘un ehIyCaRKwHénTMnukcitþrbs;Rkumh‘un EdlCaGgÁPaB ¬dUcCaPaKI¦ énkarCYjdUr . dUecñHehIy eTaHbICaRkumh‘unminEmnCanItibuKÁlk¾eday k¾RTBüsm,tþirbs;Rkumh‘un KYrEtKitepSgedayELkBIRTBüsm,tþirbs;smaCikmñak;²énRkumh‘unenaH . maRta enHEcgc,as;las;GMBIbBaðaenH . k¾b:uEnþ eTaHCaya:gNak¾eday Rkumh‘unminEmnCanItibuKÁleT dUecñHehIy Rkumh‘unminGaccuHbBa¢ICakm μsiT§ikrGclnvtßúkñúgnamxøÜn)aneLIy . karcuHbBa¢IGclnvtßúrbs;Rkumh‘un CaeKalkarN_ RtUveFVIeLIgkñúgrUbPaBCakmμsiT§iGviPaKrbs;smaCikTaMgGs; . b:uEnþ ebIeFVIdUecñH nwgman PaBsμ úKsμajcMeBaHnItiviFI . mankrNIxøHEdlsmaCikEdlGnuvtþkic©karmñak; kñúgcMeNamsmaCikRkumh‘un QreQ μaHcuHbBa¢I kñúgnamÉkCn b:uEnþ PaKeRcInGackøayeTACavivaT . ¬@¦ maRtaenH kRmitGMBIkarTamTar[EbgEckmunkarCRmHbBa¢I nig GMBIkarcat;EcgPaKEdlxøÜnman ehIy bBa¢ak;GMBIxøwmsarénkarkRmitenaH . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 668 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 718 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ kfaxNÐTI 1 maRta 544 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©rbs;sVis

maRta 702>- viFIGnuvtþkic©kar 1-kñúgkrNIEdlBMu)ankMNt;smaCikRkumh‘un b¤ ttiyCnTTYlGaNtþi

Gnuvtþkic©kar enAkñúgkic©snüaRkumh‘uneT smaCiknImYy²énRkumh‘un mansiT§i GMNacGnuvtþkic©karrbs;Rkumh‘unenaH . b:uEnþ karGnuvtþkic©karRkumh‘un RtUvseRmc

edaysemøgelIsBIBak;kNþaléncMnYnsmaCikenaH . 2-RbsinebI)ankMNt;fasmaCikRkumh‘un b¤ ttiyCnEdlTTYlGaNtþi

Gnuvtþkic©kar enAkñúgkic©snüaRkumh‘un RtUvmaneRcInnak; karGnuvtþkic©karRkumh‘un

RtUvseRmcedaysemøgelIsBIBak;kNþaléncMnYnsmaCikenaH .

141

3-eTaHbImanbBaØtþienAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 nig TI 2 xagelIenHk¾eday

smaCikRkumh‘unnImYy² b¤ GñkGnuvtþkic©karmñak;² GacGnuvtþkic©karRbRktIrbs; Rkumh‘unedayÉketaPaKI)an . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy Rbsin

ebIsmaCikénRkumh‘un b¤ GñkGnuvtþkic©karepSgeTot )anbeBa©jmtitv:a enAmun

eBlbBa©b;kic©karenaH .

¬kMNt;¦ ¬!¦ CaTUeTA Rkumh‘unPaKeRcInEdlmansmaCiktic min)ankMNt;GñkGnuvtþkic©karrbs;Rkumh‘uneT . ehtudUecñH kñúgkrNIEdlBMumankarkMNt;enHeT RtUvcat;Tukfa smaCikmñak;²mansiT§iGnuvtþkic©kar ¬vaküxNÐTI 1 én kfaxNÐTI 1 ¦ ehIykarGnuvtþkic©karCak;EsþgRtUveFVItamsemøgelIsBak;kNþal ¬vaküxNÐTI 2 énkfaxNÐTI 1¦ . müa:geTot cMNucEdlRtUvRby½tñ KW bBaðaénsiT§iGnuvtþkic©karCabBaðaépÞkñúgrbs;Rkumh‘uneT rIÉbBaða TMnak;TMngxageRkAsþIBIsiT§itMNagvij RtUvedaHRsaytambBaØtþisþIBIkartMNag ¬kartMNagRkumh‘un¦ eTAvij . ¬@¦ müa:geTot cMeBaHkic©karRsal²EdlRkumh‘unRtUvGnuvtþdEdl²erogral;éf¶vij mann½yfaCakic©karRbRktI RbsinebIsmaCikRkumh‘unmñak;²GacbMeBjerog²xøÜn enHCakarl¥sRmab;Rkumh‘un ehIyBMumanGVICa]bsKÁdl; Rkumh‘unpg . dUecñHehIy kfaxNÐTI 3 )anEcgc,as;las;GMBIcMNucenH . k¾b:uEnþ eTaHbICakic©karRbRktI k¾eday kñúgkrNIEdlkic©karenaHRtUv)anGnuvtþerog²xøÜn Gacman]bsKÁedaysarkarvinicä½yrbs;smaCik erog²xøÜnenaH dUecñHehIy kñúgvaküxNÐTI 2 énkfaxNÐTI 3 TTYlsÁal;GMBIkartva:BIsmaCikepSgeTot muneBl bBa©b;kic©karenaH . eTaHbICamankartva:BIsmaCikepSgeTotk¾eday RbsinebIsmaCikenaHenAEtbnþkarGnuvtþ kic©kardUcKñadEdl enaHskmμPaBrbs;smaCikEdl)anGnuvtþkic©karenHkøayCaGMeBIxusc,ab; ehIysmaCikenH RtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsgsMNgkarxUcxatcMeBaHmuxsmaCikepSgeTotrbs;Rkumh‘un . ¬#¦ Rkumh‘unBMuGacykeQμaHRkumh‘uneFVICaedImecaT)aneLIy dUecñHRtUveRCIserIssmaCikEdlGnuvtþkic©karrbs; Rkumh‘un CaedIm CaPaKIEdlRtUv)aneRCIserIs b¤ smaCikTaMgGs;RtUvdak;BakübNþwgkñúgnamCashedImecaT . müa:geTot Rkumh‘unminGacRtUv)anbþwgCacugcemøIy)aneLIy dUecñHehIy buKÁlEdlmanbMNgbþwgRkumh‘un RtUvbþwgsmaCikTaMgGs; kñúgnamCashcugcemøIy . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 670 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 709 nig maRta 710 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 1859 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 535 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©rbs;sVIs

142

maRta 703>- karykbBaØtþiénGaNtþimkGnuvtþdUcKña bBaØtþicab;BImaRta 640 ¬krNIykic©RbugRby½tñrbs;GaNtþiKahk¦ rhUt

dl;maRta 646 ¬siT§iTamTar[sgmkvij CaGaT× nUvesah‘uyrbs;GaNtþiKahk¦ énRkmenH RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr cMeBaHsmaCikRkumh‘unEdlGnuvtþkic©kar rbs;Rkumh‘un .

¬kMNt;¦ TMnak;TMngKtiyutþrvagGñkGnuvtþkic©kar nig Rkumh‘un KWCakic©snüaGaNtþi b¤ Rbhak;RbEhlnwgkic©snüa

GaNtþiEdr ehtuenHehIybBaØtþisþIBIGaNtþi ¬cab;BImaRta 640 dl;maRta 646¦ RtUvykmkGnuvtþ dUcKñapgEdr cMeBaHTMnak;TMngKtiyutþenaH . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 671 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 708 nig maRta 713 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 538 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©rbs;sVIs

maRta 704>- karlaQb; nig karbBaÄb;smaCikRkumh‘unEdlGnuvtþkic©kar 1-RbsinebIK μanmUlehtuRtwmRtUveT smaCikRkumh‘unEdlGnuvtþkic©kar BMu

GaclaQb; b¤ RtUvbBaÄb;)aneLIy . 2-edIm,IbBaÄb;smaCikEdlGnuvtþkic©karrbs;Rkumh‘un edaymanmUlehtu

RtwmRtUv RtUvmansemøgyl;RBm elIsBIBak;kNþaléncMnYnsmaCikepSgeTot

rbs;Rkumh‘un .

¬kMNt;¦ ¬!¦ kñúgkrNIEdlGñkGnuvtþkic©karEdlminEmnCasmaCikRkumh‘un RtUv)aneRCIstaMgedaykic©snüaGaNtþi Gñk Gnuvtþkic©karenH GacRtUv)anbBaÄb; enAeBlNak¾)anEdr eRkamkic©snüaGaNtþi ¬kfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRta 647¦ . k¾b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlGñkGnuvtþkic©karRtUv)aneRCIserIskñúgcMeNamsmaCikRkumh‘un tamkic©snüa Rkumh‘un RbsinebIeyIgGnuBaØat[bBaÄb;GñkGnuvtþkic©karenaHdUckic©snüaGaNtþienHeTA nwgeFVI[zan³rbs; smaCikGnuvtþkic©karenaHBMumansßirPaB ehIyGacman\T§iBlxøaMgeTAelIlT§plénkarGnuvtþkic©kar . pÞúy eTAvij RbsinebIminTTYlsÁal;karlaElgeT nwgeFVI[mankarkRmitya:gxøaMgcMeBaHesrIPaBrbs;GñkGnuvtþ

143

kic©kar dUecñHehIy vaCakarmYyEdlminsmrmüeT . edayBinitüdl;bBaðaTaMgenHeTA kfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRtaenH )anEcgTTYlsÁal;nUvkarlaElg nig karbBaÄb;rbs;GñkGnuvtþkic©kar RbsinebImanmUlehtuRtwmRtUv . müa:geTot edIm,IbBaÄb;GñkGnuvtþkic©karedaymanmUlehtuRtwmRtUv caM)ac;RtUvmansemøgyl;RBmrbs;smaCik epSg elIsBak;kNþal . ¬@¦kñúgkrNIEdlsmaCikRkumh‘unTaMgGs;Gnuvtþkic©karRkumh‘unvij bBaØtþiénmaRtaenH minRtUvykmkGnuvtþeT . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 672 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 712 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 1856 én Rkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 532 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©rbs;sVIs

maRta 705>- siT§ieFVIkarRsavRCavelIkic©kar nig sßanPaBRTBüsm,tþi eTaHbICaKμansiT§iiGMNackñúgkarGnuvtþkic©karrbs;Rkumh‘unk¾eday k¾smaCik

nImYy²rbs;Rkumh‘un GaceFVIkarRsavRCavelIkic©kar nig sßanPaBRTBüsm,tþirbs; Rkumh‘unenaH)anEdr .

¬kMNt;¦ ¬!¦ GaCIvkm μrbs;Rkumh‘un KWCaGaCIvkmμrYmrbs;smaCikTaMgGs;énRkumh‘un ehIyRTBüsm,tþirbs;Rkumh‘un KWCakmμsiT§iGviPaKrbs;smaCikRkumh‘unTaMgGs; ehtuenHehIy smaCikEdlBMumansiT§iGnuvtþkic©kar caM)ac;RtUv mansiT§idwgGMBIsßanPaBénkarGnuvtþkic©kar b¤ sßanPaBénRTBüsm,tþirbs;Rkumh‘un . dUecñHehIy maRtaenH TTYlsÁal;siT§iRsavRCavGMBIkic©kar nig GMBIRTBüsm,tþi edIm,IFanasiT§idwgenH . ¬@¦ siT§iRsavRCavenH KWCasiT§imUldæanrbs;smaCikRkumh‘un ehtuenHehIy minGacbdiesFsiT§ienHedaykar snüaBiesseLIy . k¾b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlsiT§iRsavRCavenaHRtUv)aneRbIR)as; kñúgeKalbMNgraraMgkic©kar rbs;Rkumh‘un kareRbIR)as;siT§iGacbdiesF)an edIm,IkarBarkMu[mankareRbIsiT§ienHedaybMBan . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 673 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 776 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 541 énc,ab; sþIBIkatBVkic©rbs;sVIs

maRta 706>- siT§iTamTarEckcMeNj PaKénkarEbgEckkarcMeNj xat

144

1-smaCikRkumh‘un RtUvKNnakarcMeNj xat enAkñúgGMLúgeBleTogTat; ehIykñúgkrNIEdlmancMeNj GacTamTar[EbgEckplcMeNjenaH)an .

2-RbsinebIsmaCikRkumh‘un min)ankMNt;PaKénkarEbgEckkarcMeNj

xateT RtUvkMNt;eTAtamsmamaRténcMnYntémøvinieyaKRTBüFnrbs;smaCiknImYy²

énRkumh‘unenaH . 3-RbsinebI)ankMNt;EtPaKénkarEbgEckcMeBaHkarcMeNj xatNamYy

RtUvsnμtfaPaKenaH dUcKñaeTAnwgkarxatbg; nig karcMeNj .

¬kMNt;¦ RTBüsm,tþirbs;Rkumh‘un minEmnmanRtwmEtplcMeNjEdl)anmkBIskmμPaBGaCIvkmμrYmrbs;Rkumh‘un

b:ueNÑaHeT KWmanTaMgkarxatbg;pgEdr ehIyEdlCarbs;smaCikRkumh‘unTaMgGs; . k¾b:uEnþ tamsßanPaBépÞkñúg rbs;Rkumh‘un CaTUeTA eKeFVIkarEbgEck b¤ [smaCikmñak;²TTYlbnÞúkerog²xøÜn . edayQrelImUldæanenH maRtaenH)anEcgGMBIsiT§iTamTar[eFVIkarEbgEckplcMeNj ¬kfaxNÐTI 1¦ RBmTaMg)anEcgkMNt;GMBIPaKén karEbgEckcMeNj nig PaKénkarTTYlbnÞúknUvkarxatbg;pgEdr ¬kfaxNÐTI 2 nig kfaxNÐTI 3¦ . müa:geTot RbsinebImankarRBmeRBogrbs;smaCikTaMgGs;rbs;Rkumh‘un GMBIPaKénkarEbgEckcMeNj b¤ PaKénkarTTYlbnÞúknUvkarxatbg; RtUvGnuelamtamkarRBmeRBogenaH edayminGnuvtþmaRtaenH . elIsBIenH karRBmeRBog[smaCikNamñak;minTTYlbnÞúknUvkarxatbg;esaH mansuBlPaB k¾b:uEnþ karRBmeRBogEdlmin EbgEckcMENkénplcMeNj[smaCikNamñak; KYrEtRtUv)anbkRsayfaCakarRBmeRBogemaX³ edaysar eyagtameKaledAénRkumh‘unEdlRtUv)anbegáIteLIgedIm,IrkplcMeNjenaH kñúgkrNIenH tampøÚvrdæb,evNI minGacehAfaCaRkumh‘unRbkbkic©karedayshkarKña)aneT . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 1287 nig maRta 1292 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 674 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 722 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 1844-1 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 533 énc,ab;sþIBI katBVkic©rbs;sVIs

maRta 707>- PaKEdlRtUvTTYlbnÞúkénkarxatbg;rbs;smaCikRkumh‘un cMeBaH m©as;bMNul

145

1-katBVkic©EdlekIteLIgedaykic©karrbs;Rkumh‘un CakatBVkic©eday

samKÁIPaB . b:uEnþ katBVkic©enaH RtUvsgedayRTBüsm,tþiRkumh‘unsin ehIy

RbsinebIminGacsgkatBVkic©TaMgGs; edayRTBüsm,tþiRkumh‘un eTIbsgeday

RTBüedayELkrbs;smaCiknImYy² . 2-bnÞúkrbs;smaCiknImYy² RtUvGnuelamtamsmamaRténPaKvinieyaK

elIkElgEtmankarsnüaBiess .

¬kMNt;¦ ¬!¦ katBVkic©EdlekIteLIgedaysarkic©karrbs;Rkumh‘un GacEbgEck[smaCikRkumh‘unmñak;²TTYlbnÞúk)an Edr k¾b:uEnþ karEbgEckenHnwgeFVI[xUcplRbeyaCn_dl;m©as;bMNulrbs;Rkumh‘un . dUecñHehIy vaküxNÐTI 1 énkfaxNÐTI 1 )anEcgfa katBVkic©rbs;Rkumh‘un CakatBVkic©edaysamKÁIPaBrbs;smaCikmñak;² . k¾b:uEnþ edIm,IsgkatBVkic© ¬ykmkeFVICa {RTBüsm,tþiTTYlxusRtUv}9¦ Cabzm RtUveRbIRTBüsm,tþirbs;Rkumh‘unCamun ehIykñúgkrNIEdlminGacsgkatBVkic©[)anGs;eT RTBüsm,tþiedayELkrbs;smaCikerog²xøÜn nwgkøayeTA CaRTBüsm,tþiTTYlxusRtUv . cMNucenHmanEcgc,as;las;kñúgvaküxNÐTI 2 énkfaxNÐTI 1 . ¬@¦ smaCikRkumh‘unmñak;² RtUvTTYlxusRtUvedaysamKÁIPaBcMeBaHkatBVkic©rbs;Rkumh‘un k¾b:uEnþ etIsmaCik mñak;² RtUvTTYlbnÞúkb:unμanPaKenaH KWCabBaðaépÞkñúgmYy . RbsinebImankarsnüaBiess RtUvGnuelamtam karsnüaBiessenaH . k¾b:uEnþ sRmab;krNIEdlBMumankarsnüaBiesseT caM)ac;RtUvmanviFaneKalmYy . manTsSn³xøHyl;eXIjfa KYrEt[TTYlbnÞúkesμIPaBKña k¾b:uEnþ ebIKiteTAtamsmamaRténPaKvinieyaKvij KWCakarsmrmü eTAtamqnÞ³rbs;smaCikmñak;² ehIymansmPaBpg . kfaxNÐTI 2 EcgbBa¢ak;GMBIcMNucenH . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 675 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1857 nig maRta 1858 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ kfaxNÐTI 3 maRta 544 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©rbs;sVIs

maRta 708>- karhamXat;min[TUTat;katBVkic©Rkumh‘un

9 cMeBaHBakü {RTBüsm,tþiTTYlxusRtUv} sUmemIlkfaPaKTI 1 EpñkTI 3 CMBUkTI 2 én {esckþIBnül;GMBIRkmnItiviFI rdæb,evNI PaK 2 ³ karGnuvtþedaybgçM nig karcat;EcgrkSakarBar} ¬RksYgyutþFm’ 2009¦ .

146

kUnbMNulrbs;Rkumh‘un BMuGacTUTat;katBVkic©enaH CamYynwgsiT§ielIbMNul

cMeBaHsmaCiknImYy²énRkumh‘un )aneLIy .

¬kMNt;¦ RTBüsm,tþirbs;Rkumh‘un minEmnRtUvEbgEckeTA[smaCikmñak;²eT KWCakmμsiT§iGviPaKrbs;smaCik

Rkumh‘unTaMgGs; . ebImineFVIdUcenHeT nwgmankarBi)akkñúgkarGnuvtþkic©karrbs;Rkumh‘un . dUecñH RbsinebI ykKMnitenH mkeFVICamUldæan minRtUvTTYlsÁal;[kUnbMNulénRkumh‘unyksiT§ielIbMNulEdlxøÚnmancMeBaH smaCikmñak; mkeFVIkarTUTat;katBVkic©rbs;xøÜnEdlmancMeBaHRkumh‘unenaHeLIy ¬minRtUvTTYlsÁal;[kUn bMNulénRkumh‘unyksiT§ielIbMNulEdlxøÚnmancMeBaHsmaCikmñak; mkeFVICasiT§ielIbMNulEdlepþImkarTUTat; eLIy¦ . maRtaenH)anEcgGMBIcMNucenH . müa:geTot maRtaenHmaneKalKMnitdUcKñanwgmaRta 701 . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 677 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ kfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 719 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;

maRta 709>- kardkxøÜnedaysμ ½RKcitþ 1-RbsinebIBMu)ankMNt;GMLúgeBlénGtßiPaBrbs;Rkumh‘unenAkñúgkic©snüa

Rkumh‘uneT b¤ ebI)ankMNt;GtßiPaBEdlRkumh‘unRtUvman kñúgry³eBlmYyCIvit

rbs;smaCikNamñak; smaCiknImYy² GacdkxøÜnecj enAeBlNak¾)an . b:uEnþ kardkxøÜnenH BMuGaceFVI)aneLIy ebIbNþal[xUcplRbeyaCn_dl;Rkumh‘un

elIkElgEtkñúgkrNIEdlBMuGaceCosvag)an . 2-eTaHbICa)ankMNt;GMLúgeBlénGtßiPaBrbs;Rkumh‘unk¾eday enAkñúgkrNI

EdlBMuGaceCosvag)an smaCiknImYy² GacdkxøÜn)an . 3-kardkxøÜnGaceFVIeTA)an edaykarbgðajqnÞ³ cMeBaHsmaCikepSgeTot

TaMgGs;rbs;Rkumh‘un .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenH)anEcgfa smaCikmñak;²GacsMudkxøÜnBIRkumh‘un)anedays μ ½RKcitþ)an ehIy)anEcgGMBIl½kçx½NÐ

nig viFIdkxøÜnecjpgEdr . kardkxøÜnedaysμ ½RKcitþenHGaceFVI)an edaykarbgðajqnÞ³rbs;xøÜn cMeBaHsmaCik epSg² ¬kfaxNÐTI 3¦ ehIycMeBaHl½kçx½NÐvij kñúgkrNIEdlmankMNt;GMBIGMLúgeBlEdlRkumh‘nman

147

GtßiPaB eRkABIGMLúgeBlmYyCIvitrbs;smaCikNamñak; smaCikGacdkxøÜn)ankñúgkrNIEdlmanehtuEdl {BMuGaceCosvag)an} ehIyeRkABIkrNIenH smaCikGacdkxøÜn)an enAeBlEdlkardkxøÜnenaH {bNþal[xUc plRbeyaCn_dl;Rkumh‘un} b¤ eTaHCacMeBlEdleFVI[xUcplRbeyaCn_Rkumh‘unk¾eday EtRbsinebImanehtu Edl {minGaceCosvag)an} k¾GacdkxøÜn)anEdr . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 678 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 723/ maRta 724 nig maRta 736 énRkmrdæb,evNI GaløWm:g;

maRta 710>- kardkxøÜntamc,ab; eRkABIbBaØtþiEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgmaRta 709 ¬kardkxøÜnedays μ½RKcitþ¦

xagelI smaCikRkumh‘un RtUvdkxøÜn edaymUlehtuNamYy dUcxageRkamenH ³ k-mrNPaB . x-FnkS½y . K-)anTTYlkarRbkascab;epþImGaNaBüa)alTUeTA . X-karlubeQ μaH .

¬kMNt;¦ ¬!¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIkardkxøÜnrbs;smaCikRkumh‘untamc,ab; . ¬@¦ eTaHbICasmaCikRkumh‘un)anTTYlmrNPaB ehIysmaCikenaHElgmanGtßiPaBk¾eday k¾maRtaenHEcgfa mrNPaBenHCamUlehtuénkardkxøÜn . mann½yfa snþtiCnrbs;smaCikRkumh‘unenaHminRtUvTTYlbnþeday sV½yRbvtþi nUvzan³CasmaCikRkumh‘unenaHeT . tamFmμta TMnukcitþrvagsmaCik nig smaCik mansar³sMxan; Nas;sRmab;Rkumh‘un dUecñHehIy RbsinebI[snþtiCnrbs;smaCikEdlTTYlmrNPaB sñgbnþedaysV½yRbvtþi nUvzan³CasmaCikeTA nwgGaceFVI[maneRKaHfñak;dl;GtßiPaBénRkumh‘un . ehtuenHehIy maRtaenH)anEcgfa mrNPaB KWCamUlehtuénkardkxøÜnecjBIRkumh‘un . müa:geTot RbsinebImankMNt;CamunenAkñúgkic©snüa Rkumh‘unfa [snþtiCnrbs;smaCiksñgbnþnUvzan³CasmaCik enaHkarsñgbnþenaHRtUv)anTTYlsÁal; . enHKW edaysarEtkarykmrNPaBCamUlehtuénkardkxøÜnenH KWedIm,IkarBarplRbeyaCn_rbs;smaCikepSgeTot ehIyRbsinebI)ankMNt;CamunnUvkarsñgbnþenHedaykic©snüaRkumh‘un mineFVI[)at;bg;nUvplRbeyaCn_rbs; smaCikepSgeT .

148

¬#¦ cMeBaHFnkS½yvij cMENkrbs;smaCikFnkS½yenaH caM)ac;RtUvTuksRmab;sgkatBVkic© edIm,IkarBar m©as;bMNulFnkS½y ¬m©as;bMNulrbs;smaCikFnkS½y¦ enaH ehtudUecñH minGacbegáItkarsnüaBiessEdl GnuBaØat[CnFnkS½y enACasmaCik enAkñúgkic©snüaRkumh‘un)aneT . ¬$¦ maRtaenHEcgfa karRbkascab;epþImGaNaBüa)alTUeTA KWCamUlehtuénkardkxøÜnBIRkumh‘un edIm,IkarBar plRbeyaCn_rbs;smaCikepSgeTot . ehtudUecñH RbsinebImankarsnüaBiesskñúgkic©snüaRkumh‘un karRbkascab;epþImGaNaBüa)alenH GacRtUv)anecjBImUlehtuénkardkxøÜn)an . ¬%¦ cMeBaHkarlubeQ μaHvij sUmemIlmaRta 711 . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 679 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 723/ maRta 727/ maRta 728/ maRta 736 nig maRta 737 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 545 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©rbs;sVIs

maRta 711>- karlubeQμaH karlubeQμaHsmaCikRkumh‘un GacGnuvtþ)an edaymtiyl;RBmCaÉkcänÞ

BIsmaCikepSgeTotTaMgGs;rbs;Rkumh‘un EtkñúgkrNIEdlmanmUlehtuRtwmRtUv b:ueNÑaH . b:uEnþ ebImin)anCUndMNwgBIkarlubeQμaH dl;smaCikRkumh‘unEdl

RtUv)anlubeQ μaHeT BMuGacykeTAttaMgCamYynwgsmaCikRkumh‘unEdlRtUv)an

lubeQ μaHenaH )aneLIy .

¬kMNt;¦ ¬!¦ karlubeQ μaH EdlCakardklkçNsm,tþirbs;smaCikRkumh‘unedaybgçM edaysmaCikRkumh‘unepSgeTot KWCaviFImYyEdleFVI[xUcplRbeyaCn_rbs;smaCikEdlRtUvlubeQ μaHenaH . pÞúyeTAvij cMeBaHRkumh‘unEdl ykTMnukcitþrvagsmaCikTaMgGs;mkeFVICamUldæanvij RbsinebITukzan³smaCikEdl)at;bg;nUvTMnukcitþ [enA dEdlenAkñúgRkumh‘unenaHeTA minEmnCakarl¥cMeBaHdMeNIrkarénkic©karrYmrbs;Rkumh‘unenaHeT . dUecñHehIy maRtaenHEcgGMBIl½kçx½NÐénkarlubeQμaH edIm,IsRmbsRmYlplRbeyaCn_TaMgBIrenH . ¬@¦ maRtaenH )anEcgfa kñúgkrNIEdlman {mUlehtuRtwmRtUv} karlubeQμaHGaceFVI)an {edaymtiyl;RBm CaÉkcänÞ BIsmaCikepSgeTotTaMgGs;} ehIyGanuPaBénkarlubQ μaHenH minGacttaMgnwgsmaCikEdlRtUv)an lubeQμaH)aneT RbsinebImin)anCUndMNwgeTA[smaCikenaH . müa:geTot cMeBaHkarlubeQ μaH manmtixøHfa KYrEtTamTar[mansalRkm b¤ saldIkarbs;tulakar k¾b:uEnþ RbsinebI)aneFVIkarCUndMNwgGMBIkarlubeQ μaH

149

kñúgkrNIEdlsmaCikEdlRtUv)anlubeQ μaHenaHmineBjcitþ smaCikenaHGacdak;BakübNþwgeTAtulakar)an ehIyGacTTYllT§pldUcKña)anEdr ehtudUecñH enAkñúgmaRtaenH min)anyksalRkm b¤ saldIkarbs; tulakar mkeFVICal½kçx½NÐénkarlubeQμaHeT . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 712>- karsgvij nUvcMENkrbs;smaCikRkumh‘un EdldkxøÜn 1-karKNnarvagsmaCikRkumh‘unEdl)andkxøÜn nig smaCikepSgeTot

rbs;Rkumh‘un caM)ac;RtUvGnuvtþ edayEp¥ktamsßanPaBénRTBüsm,tþirbs;Rkumh‘un

enAeBlEdldkxøÜnenaH . 2-cMENkEdlsmaCikRkumh‘unEdl)andkxøÜnenaHman GacsgvijCaR)ak;

)an edayBMuKitBIRbePTénRTBüFnEdlvinieyaKenaHeLIy . 3-cMeBaHcMNucEdlBMuTan;)anbBa©b; enAeBldkxøÜn GacKNna)an enA

eRkayeBleFVIkarbBa©b;enaH . 4-karsgcMENkEdlman eTAsmaCikRkumh‘unEdlRtUv)anlubeQ μaH RtUv

P¢ab;karR)ak; tamGRtakarR)ak;EdlkMNt;edayc,ab; cMeBaHGMLúgeBlKitcab;BI eBlEdl)anCUndMNwgGMBIkarlubeQμaH rhUtdl;eBlEdl)ansgvij .

¬kMNt;¦ ¬!¦ GtItsmaCikRkumh‘unEdl)an)at;bg;nUvlkçNsm,tþiCasmaCik RtUv)at;bg;nUvsiT§i RBmTaMgkatBVkic© vinieyaKrbs;smaCikRkumh‘un . ehtuenHehIy caM)ac;RtUvKNnaRTBüsm,tþirvagsmaCikenH nig Rkumh‘un . enHKWCakarsgvijnUvcMENkrbs;smaCik . ¬@¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIkarsgnUvcMENkrbs;smaCik . karsgnUvcMENkrbs;smaCikRtUveFVIeTAtamsßanPaB énRTBüsm,tþirbs;Rkumh‘uneBldkxøÜnecjenaH ehIyGacsgCasac;R)ak;)an . müa:geTot eBlEdl smaCik)andkxøÜnecj RbsinebImankarBi)akkñúgkarKNnaedaysarkic©karrbs;Rkunh‘unminTan;)anbBa©b;eT GaceFVIkarKNnaeRkayeBlkic©karenaHbBa©b;)an . ¬#¦ müa:geTot cMeBaHkarsgvijnUvcMENkrbs;smaCikEdlRtUv)anlubeQμaH RtUvbUkbEnßmnUvkarR)ak; eday KitBIéf¶Edl)anCUndMNwgGMBIkarlubeQμaHenaH dl;éf¶Edl)ansgcMENkenaH . kñúgkrNIénkarlubeQ μaH

150

GacnwgmanvivaTeRcInBak;B½n§nwgkarlubeQ μaHenH ehIyRtUvkareBlevlayUredIm,IedaHRsay dUecñHehIy edIm,I eCosvagnUvkar)atbg;plRbeyaCn_rbs;smaCikEdlRtUveKlubeQμaHecalenaH eTIbmankarEcgdUckfaxNÐTI 4 énmaRtaenH . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 681 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 738 nig kfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 740 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;

maRta 713>- karrMlayRkumh‘un 1-Rkumh‘un RtUvrMlaytamkrNINamYy dUckMNt;xageRkamenH ³

k-karbBa©b;kic©karEdlCakm μvtßúrbs;Rkumh‘un b¤ GlT§PaBkñúgkar bMeBjkic©karenaH .

x-ebImankarRBmeRBogBIsmaCikTaMgGs;rbs;Rkumh‘un . K-ebIenAsl;smaCikRkumh‘un Etmñak; . X-ebIGMLúgeBlénGtßiPaBrbs;Rkumh‘un EdlkMNt;enAkñúgkic©snüa

Rkumh‘un RtUv)anbBa©b; . 2-kñúgkrNIEdlmanmUlehtuminGaceCosvag)an smaCiknImYy²rbs;

Rkumh‘un GacTamTar[rMlayRkumh‘un)an . 3-karTamTarénkfaxNÐTI 2 xagelIenH RtUveFVIedaykarbgðajqnÞ³ cMeBaH

smaCikepSgeTotTaMgGs; rbs;Rkumh‘un .

¬kMNt;¦ ¬!¦ karrMlayRkumh‘un rMsaycMNgrbs;smaCik bBa©b; nig rMlayTMnak;TMngKtiyutþEdlRtUv)anksageLIg ehIytRmUv[eRtomcab;epþImCRmHbBa©I . maRtaenHEcgGMBImUlehtu nig viFIrMlayRkumh‘un . ¬@¦cMNuc k énkfaxNÐTI 1 EcgGMBIkrNIbBa©b;kic©karEdlCaeKalbMNgénRkumh‘un b¤ kic©karenaHminGac seRmc)an . eBl)anbBa©b;kic©kar eKalbMNgrbs;Rkumh‘unenaHRtUv)anseRmc dUecñHehIymincaM)ac;[man GtßiPaBbnþeToteT ehIykñúgkrNIénGlT§PaBkñúgkarbMeBjkic©karenaH k¾K μanGtßn½yGVI[manGtßiPaBbnþeTot Edr . ¬#¦cMNuc x énkfaxNÐTI 1 EcgGMBIkrNIEdlmankarRBmeRBogBIsmaCikTaMgGs; . RbsinebImankar RBmeRBogBIsmaCikTaMgGs;Kña ElgmanGtßn½yGVInwgTuk[manGtßiPaBbnþeToteT . müa:geTot karRBmeRBog

151

enHmincaM)ac;eFVICalayl½kçN_GkSreT . eRkayBI)anrMlay enArg;caMEteFVIkarCRmHbBa¢IedIm,IrMlt;xøÜnb:ueNÑaH dUecñHehIymincaM)ac;TamTar[eFVICalayl½kçN_GkSreLIy . ¬$¦ cMNuc K énkfaxNÐTI 1 EcgGMBIkrNIEdlsmaCikRkumh‘unEbrCaenAEtmñak; ehIy)an)at;bg;nUv lkçN³sarFatuCaRkum . eyIgGacTTYlsÁal;Rkumh‘unEdlmansmaCikEtmñak;k¾)anEdr k¾b:uEnþ BMuman plRbeyaCn_kñúgkarTTYlsÁal;Rkumh‘unEdlmansmaCikEtmñak;eLIy . müa:geTot eBlEdlPaKIénkic©snüa Rkumh‘unmanEtmñak; kic©snüaenaHGaccat;Tukfa)anrlt;k¾)anEdr b:uEnþ maRtaenH)ancat;TukkrNIenHfaCa TRmg;mYyénkarrMlayEdr . ¬%¦ cMNuc X énkfaxNÐTI 1 EcgGMBIkrNIEdlGMLúgeBlénGtßiPaBrbs;Rkumh‘un EdlkMNt;enAkñúg kic©snüaRkumh‘un RtUv)anbBa©b; . edaysarEt)aneFVIkarkMNt;nUvGMLúgeBlEdlmanGtßiPaBkñúgkic©snüa Rkumh‘un KμanbBaðaGVIEdrkñúgkarEcgfa Rkumh‘unenaHnwgcUldl;dMNak;kaleRtomrMlt;xøÜn enAeBlbBa©b; GMLúgeBlenaH tamkic©snüaRkumh‘unenaHeT . ¬^¦ kfaxNÐTI 2 EcgGMBIkarTamTar[rMlayBIsmaCik . kñúgenH manEcgfa smaCikGacTamTar[rMlay Rkunh‘un)anedaykarbgðajqnÞ³rbs;xøÜncMeBaHsmaCikepSgeTot edayykGtßiPaBénmUlehtuminGaceCosvag )an mkeFVICal½kçx½NÐ . mUlehtuEdlminGaceCosvag)an mandUcCa krNIEdlmankarlM)akxøaMgkñúgkarbnþ eFVIkic©karrbs;Rkumh‘un edaysarkarmincuHsMrugKñarvagsmaCik karpøas;bþÚrénsßanPaBesdækic© b¤ karpøas;bþÚr énsßanPaBRTBüsm,tþirbs;Rkumh‘un CaGaT× . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 682 nig maRta 683 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 726 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;

maRta 714>- PaBK μanRbtiskmμénkarrMlay karrMlayRkumh‘un BMumanGanuPaBRbtiskm μeLIy .

¬kMNt;¦ karGnuvtþRbtiskmμnUvGanuPaBénkarrMlayRkumh‘un nwgeFVI[TMnak;TMngKtiyutþkan;Etsμ úKsμajeTA ehtu

enHehIy RKan;Et[manGanuPaBeq<aHeTAGnaKtEtb:ueNÑaH . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 715>- GñkCRmHbBa¢I

152

1-RbsinebIRkumh‘unRtUv)anrMlay karCRmHbBa¢IRtUveFVI edayshkarKña rvagsmaCikTaMgGs;rbs;Rkumh‘un b¤ edayGñkCRmHbBa¢I EdlRtUv)aneRCIstaMg

edaysmaCikRkumh‘un . 2-kareRCIstaMgGñkCRmHbBa¢IénkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH kñúgkrNIEdl

K μankMNt;BiessenAkñúgkic©snüaRkumh‘uneT RtUvseRmcedaysemøgelIsBIBak; kNþaléncMnYnsmaCikRkumh‘unenaH .

¬kMNt;¦ dUcEdl)anBnül;rYcmkehIy karrMlaymann½yfa karcab;epþImeFVIskmμPaBedIm,IrMlt;Rkumh‘un . edIm,I

rMlt;Rkumh‘unnaGnaKt caM)ac;RtUvCRmHbBa¢IRTBüsm,tþi ehIyedIm,IeFVIkargarenH RtUvEtkMNt;GñkCRmHbBa¢I . enHKWCaeKalKMnitdUcGñkGnuvtþkic©karEdr . dUecñHehIy smaCikmμak;² RtUveFVIkargarCRmHbBa¢I edayshkarKña b¤ eRCIstaMgGñkCRmHbBa¢I edIm,I[eFVIkargarCRmHbBa¢I . müa:geTot kfaxNÐTI 2 EcgGMBInItiviFIeRCIstaMg GñkCRmHbBa¢I . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 716>- karGnuvtþkic©karrbs;GñkCRmHbBa¢I bBaØtþiénmaRta 702 ¬viFIGnuvtþkic©kar¦ énRkmenH RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKña

pgEdr kñúgkrNIEdlGñkCRmHbBa¢I mancMnYneRcInnak; .

¬kMNt;¦ dUcEdl)anBnül;kñúgmaRta 715 Edr GñkCRmHbBa¢ImansiT§iGMNacRtwmEteFVIskmμPaBedIm,ICRmHbBa¢I

b:ueNÑaH k¾b:uEnþ zan³rbs;GñkenaHRbhak;RbEhlKñanwgzan³rbs;GñkGnuvtþkic©karEdr . ehtuenHehIy kñúgkrNI EdlmanGñkCRmHbBa¢IeRcInrUb bBaØtþiénmaRta 702 RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 717>- karlaQb; nig karbBaÄb;GñkCRmHbBa¢I

153

bBaØtþiénmaRta 704 ¬karlaQb; nig karbBaÄb;smaCikRkumh‘unEdl

Gnuvtþkic©kar¦ énRkmenH RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr kñúgkrNIEdlsmaCikTaMg

Gs;rbs;Rkumh‘un )anRBmeRBogeRCIstaMgGñkCRmHbBa¢I BIkñúgcMeNamsmaCik

Rkumh‘unenaH .

¬kMNt;¦ sþIBIzan³rbs;GñkCRmHbBa¢I manBnül;enAkñúgmaRta 715 nig maRta 716 ehIy . ehtuenHehIy

cMeBaHkarlaQb; nig karbBaÄb;GñkCRmHbBa¢I EdlRtUv)aneRCIstaMgedaykarRBmeRBogrbs;smaCikRkumh‘un maRta 704 sþIBIGñkGnuvtþkic©karEdlRtUv)aneRCIstaMgedaykic©snüaRkumh‘un RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 718>- muxgar nig siT§iGMNacrbs;GñkCRmHbBa¢I viFIEbgEckRTBüsm,tþi EdlenAesssl;

1-bBaØtþiénmaRta 71 ¬muxgar nig siT§iGMNacrbs;GñkCRmHbBa¢I¦ énRkm

enH RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr cMeBaHmuxnaTI nig siT§iGMNacrbs;GñkCRmHbBa¢I . 2-RTBüsm,tþiEdlenAesssl; RtUvEbgEckedaysmamaRttamtémøén

RTBüFnEdlsmaCiknImYy²rbs;Rkumh‘un )anvinieyaK .

¬kMNt;¦ cMeBaHmuxgar nig siT§iGMNacrbs;GñkCRmHbBa¢IRkumh‘un bBaØtþisþIBIGñkCRmHbBa¢InItibuKÁl RtUvykmkGnuvtþ

dUcKñapgEdr edaysarEtkargarrbs;GñkTaMgBIrenHmanlkçN³dUcKña . müa:geTot eBlCRmHbBa¢IehIy ehIyRTBüsm,tþienAsl; RtUvEbgEckeTA[smaCikeTAtamcMnYnTwkR)ak;

énkarvinieyaKrbs;smaCikmñak;² . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


CMBUkTI 12 kic©snüaFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvit

154

maRta 719>- niymn½yénkic©snüaFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvit 1-kic©snüaFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvit sMedAeTAelIkic©snüamYyEdlPaKI

mçagCakUnbMNulénFnlaP snüafa mankrNIykic©RtUvpþl;tavkalikCaR)ak; tameBlkMNt;eTogTat; eTA[PaKImçageTotEdlCam©as;bMNul b¤ ttiyCnén

FnlaP rhUtdl;eBlEdlxøÜnpÞal; PaKImçageTot b¤ ttiyCn)anTTYlmrNPaB

ehIyPaKImçageTot snüafamankrNIykic©TTYlbnÞúkpþl;tavkaliknUvR)ak;edIm

EdlCatémøfñÚrenaH . 2-kic©snüaFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvit RbsinebIBMu)aneFVICalayl½kçN_

GkSreT BMumanGanuPaBeLIy . 3-m©as;bMNulénFnlaP RtUvTTYl)annUvÉksiT§ielIclnvtßú nig Gcln-

vtßú kñúgcMeNamR)ak;edImEdlxøÜn)anpþl;tavkalik[eTAPaKImçageTotedIm,IsiT§ielI bMNulénFnlaPenaH . ÉksiT§iEdlm©as;bMNulénFnlaPRtUvTTYl RtUv)ancat; TukfaCaÉksiT§iEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgmaRta 797 ¬ÉksiT§icMeBaHkarlk;clnvtßú¦ b¤ maRta 802 ¬ÉksiT§icMeBaHkarlk;Gclnvtßú¦ tamRbePTénvtßúEdlCakm μvtßúén

ÉksiT§ienaH .

¬kMNt;¦ ¬!¦ kic©snüaFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvit KWCakic©snüamYyEdltRmUv[kUnbMNulénFnlaP bMeBjkrNIykic© pþl;tavkalikCaR)ak;[m©as;bMNulénFnlaP tameBlkMNt;eTogTat; rhUtdl;m©as;bMNulénFnlaPenaH TTYlmrNPaB ehIyPaKeRcIn eKeRbIkic©snüaenHsRmab;FanaCIvPaBm©as;bMNulénFnlaPenAeBlcas; . kfaxNÐTI 1 kMNt;GMBIniymn½yénkic©snüaFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvit . kic©snüapþl;tavkalikCaR)ak;eday eTogTat; mYyCIvitedayminyktémøfñÚr k¾manEdr k¾b:uEnþ bBaØtþisþIBIRbTankmμ b¤ bBaØtþisþIBIGaharkatBVkic© GacykmkGnuvtþ)an cMeBaHkic©snüaEbbenH . dUecñHehIy kfaxNÐTI 1 kMNt;fa kic©snüaFnlaPsamyik mYyCIvit KWCakic©snüaEdlyktémøfñÚr .

müa:geTot kic©snüaFnlaPsamyikmYyCivitenH GaceFVIeLIgtamTRmg;én {kic©snüaEdleFVIeLIgsRmab; ttiyCn} )anEdr ehtuenHehIy)anCabBaØtþdUckñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 enH . ¬@¦ kic©snüaFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvitenH KWCakic©snüapþl;tavkalikCaR)ak;eTogTat;ry³eBlEvg rhUtdl;

155

mrNPaBrbs;buKÁlCak;lak;Namñak;EdlCamUlehtuénkarbBa©b;kic©snüa edayEp¥kelIRTBüsm,tþiEdlm©as; bMNulénFnlaP)aneFVIviPaKTan ehIyKWCakic©snüaEdlmanlkçN³mineTog ¬contrat aléatoire¦ ehtuenH ehIy)anCamankrNIeRcInNas;EdlvivaTekIteLIg . dUecñHehIy edIm,I[dwgc,as;las;nUvTIkEnøg RBmTaMg xøwmsarénkic©snüaenaH RtUveFVIkic©snüaenaHCalayl½kçN_GkSr ehIycMNucenH )anEcgkñúgkfaxNÐTI 2 . müa:geTot karTamTar[mankic©snüaCalayl½kçN_GkSr maneKalbMNgTamTar[mankarseRmccitþ edayRby½tñrbs;PaKIpgEdr . ¬#¦ kñúgkic©snüaFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvit TMnak;TMngrvagsiT§ielIbMNul nig katBVkic© manGtßiPaBry³eBl Evg dUecñH caM)ac;RtUvkarBarzan³rbs;m©as;bMNulFnlaPEdl)anGnuvtþkareFVIviPaKTanRTBürbs;xøÜÜnmun . kfaxNÐTI 3 maneKalbMNgkarBarm©as;bMNulénFnlaP edayEcgTTYlsÁal;nUvÉksiT§irbs;m©as;bMNul énFnlaP elIRTBüEdl)aneFVIviPaKTan . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 689 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1968 dl;maRta 1976 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 517 nig maRta 518 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©rbs;sVIs

maRta 720>- karKNnaénFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvit FnlaPsamyikmYyCIvit RtUvKNnaedayKittamcMnYnéf¶ .

¬kMNt;¦ ¬!¦ cMeBaHkic©snüaFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvit FnlaPsamyikEdlRtUvbg;enaH minEmnCakarR)ak;edayyk RTBüEdl)anmkBIviPaKTanénm©as;bMNulFnlaPsamyikCaR)ak;edImeT . dUecñHehIy tamRTwsþI minmanPaB caM)ac;kñúgkarykrUbmnþénkarKNnakarR)ak; b¤ rUbmnþénkarKNnaplsIuvilEdlCatémøfñÚrénkareRbIR)as; R)ak;edImenaHmkeRbIeT . k¾b:uEnþ lkçN³énFnlaPsamyik ¬b¤ karvaytémøCak;Esþgrbs;sgÁmcMeBaHFnlaP samyikenH¦ manRbhak;RbEhlnwgplsIuvilEdr ehtuenHehIy)anCaenAkñúgenH)anEcgtRmUv[KNnaeday KittamcMnYnéf¶ . ¬@¦ maRtaenH KWCabBaØtþimYyeRtomsRmab;krNIEdlsiT§ielIbMNulFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvit RtUv)anrlt; enABak;kNþalénkMNt;eBlRtUvbg; . ]TahrN_ kñúgkrNIEdlsiT§ielIbMNulénFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvit RtUv )anbg; CaTwkR)ak;cMnYn 30 muWnerolerogral;Ex RbsinebIbuKÁlNamñak;)anTTYlmrNPaB enAéf¶TI 10 Ex emsa ehIymrNPaBenHCamUlehtuénkarrMlt;siT§ielIbMNulFnlaP enaHsiT§ielIbMNulFnlaPRtUvrlt; ehIyTwk R)ak;cMnYn 10 muWnerol edayKNnatamcMnYnéf¶ .

156

¬#¦ kñúgkrNIEdlR)ak;FnlaPsamyikRtUv)anTTYlCamun ehIysiT§ielIbMNulénFnlaPsamyikenH )an rlt;Bak;kNþalkal RbsinebImUlehtuénkarrMlt;enaHminEmnekItenAedImkaleT manc,ab;xøH)anEcg[m©as; bMNulénFnlaPsamyikeFVIlT§kmμnUvTwkR)ak;TaMgmUlenH)an k¾b:uEnþ maRtaenHmin)anEcgdUcenHeT KWtRmUv [m©as;bMNulFnlaPsamyikenH sgedayKNnatamcMnYnéf¶vij . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 721>- karminGnuvtþkatBVkic©FnlaPsamyik 1-RbsinebIkUnbMNulénFnlaP )aneFVsRbEhsBMu)anpþl;tavkalikén

FnlaPsamyik tameBlkMNt;eTogTat; b¤ ebIBMu)anGnuvtþkrNIykic©epSgeTot

eT PaKImçageTotGacrMlaykic©snüa ehIyGacTamTar[eFVIbdiTannUvR)ak;edIm

Edl)aneFVIkarpþl;tavkalikenaH)an . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIenH PaKImçageTotRtUvsg

nUvcMnYnTaMgGs;énFnlaPEdlxøÜn)anTTYlrhUtdl;karrMlay edaydkkarR)ak; énR)ak;edImenaHrhUtdl;karrMlay [eTAkUnbMNulénFnlaPvij .

2-bBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH minraraMgelIkarTamTarsMNgénkar xUcxateLIy .

¬kMNt;¦ ¬!¦ edaysarEtkic©snüaFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvit Cakic©snüaEdlmanlkçN³mineTog ¬contrat aléatoire¦ manTsSn³xøHfa eTaHbICakUnbMNulénFnlaPmin)anGnuvtþkatBVkic©k¾eday k¾minKYrTTYlsÁal;nUvsiT§irMlay kic©snüarbs;m©as;bMNulénkic©snüaFnlaPsamyikEdr k¾b:uEnþ RbsinebITTYlsÁal;EtsiT§iTamTar[bg;nUv FnlaPsamyikEdlyWtya:v nig sMNgénkarxUcxatb:ueNÑaH enaHvanwgbRgYjnUvvisalPaBénkarse®gÁaH m©as;bMNulénFnlaPsamyikeTAvij ehIyCakarmYyxVHsmPaB dUecñHehIy maRtaenHTTYlsÁal;nUvsiT§i rMlaykic©snüa ehIydak;krNIykic©[kUnbMNulénFnlaPsamyikEdlmin)anGnuvtþtBVkic©enaH eFVIbdiTan sßanPaBedImeLIgvij . k¾b:uEnþ edIm,I[mansmPaB cMENkénkatBVkic©Edl)anGnuvtþehIy caM)ac;RtUvTUTat; dUecñHehIy)anCaeKalKMnitenHRtUv)anbBa©ÚlkñúgvaküxNÐTI 2 . ¬@¦ edayeyagtambBaØtþiénmaRta 390 RbsinebImankarxUcxatEdlekItmaneLIgedaysarkarminGnuvtþ katBVkic©rbs;kUnbMNulénFnlaPsamyik RBmCamYyKñanwgkarekIteLIgénsiT§irMlaykic©snüa siT§iTamTar

157

[sgnUvsMNgénkarxUcxatk¾ekIteLIgEdr . kfaxNÐTI 2 bBa¢ak;GMBIcMNucenH . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 691 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1977 nig maRta 1978 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg

maRta 722>- mrNPaB EdlCamUlehtuénkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;kUnbMNulén

FnlaPsamyik RbsinebImrNPaBrbs;buKÁlEdleFVICamUldæanénkMNt;eBlcb;énkic©

snüaFnlaPsamyik )anekIteLIg edaysarmUlehtuEdlCakarTTYlxusRtUv rbs;kUnbMNulénFnlaPsamyik tulakarGacRbkasfa siT§ielIbMNulbnþ manGtßiPaB kñúgGMLúgeBlsmrmü tamkarTamTarrbs;m©as;bMNulénFnlaP

samyik b¤ snþtiCn rbs;buKÁlenaH)an .

¬kMNt;¦ ¬!¦ edaysarEtmrNPaBénbuKÁlCak;lak;Namñak; CamUlehtuénkarrMlt;kic©snüaFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvit cMeBaHkUnbMNulénFnlaPsamyik RbsinebIbuKÁlCak;lak;enaHTTYlmrNPaBkan;Etqab; bnÞúkkUnbMNulkan; EtRsal . kñúgkrNIEdlmrNPaBrbs;buKÁlCak;lak;enaH )anekIteLIg edaysarmUlehtuEdlCakarTTYl xusRtUvrbs;kUnbMNulénFnlaPsamyik RbsinebITTYlsÁal;nUvkarsRmalnUvbnÞúkrbs;kUnbMNulenaHeTA nwgeFVI[)at;bg;nUvsmPaB . bBaðaenHmanviFIsa®sþmYyedIm,IedaHRsayEdr KW karTTYlsÁal;nUvsiT§irMlay kic©snüaFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvit k¾b:uEnþ viFIsa®sþenHminEmnCadMeNaHRsayTn;Pøn;eT . dUecñHehIy)anCa kñúgmaRtaenH viFIsa®sþepSgRtUv)aneRCIserIs KW eBlbBa©b;kic©snüaFnlaP samyikmYyCIvitenaH Gac BnüareBlsmrmü)an edaykarvinicä½yrbs;tulakar edIm,IrkSanUvsmPaB . ¬@¦ kñúgkrNIEdltulakarTTYlsÁal;nUv {GMLúgeBlsmrmü} enH {GMLúgeBlsmrmü} enH mann½yfaCa GMLúgeBlmYysmRsbeTAtameBlEdlbuKÁlenaHGacmanCIvit edayBüakreTAtamsßanPaBénsuxPaB b¤ Gayu CaGaT× rbs;buKÁlCak;lak;enaH . ¬#¦ etItulakarRbkasbnþnUvGtßiPaBkic©snüaenAkñúg {GMLúgeBlsmrmü} b¤ minRbkasenaH KWCakarRbKl; [tulakareFVIkarvinicä½y[)ansmRsb edayKitBicarNanUvPaBCak;EsþgénmUlehtuEdlCakarTTYlxusRtUv rbs;kUnbMNulénFnlaPsamyik . dUecñHehIy maRtaenHEcgfa CacMNucseRmcedayqnÞanusiT§irbs; tulakar .

158

¬$¦ maRtaenHBuMraraMgnUvkarGnuvtþtammaRta 721 eT ehtudUecñH m©as;bMNulénFnlaPsamyik b¤ snþtiCn rbs;GñkenaH GaceRCIserIsykkarTamTaredayeyagtammaRtaenH b¤ GacTamTaredayeyagtammaRta 721 k¾)anEdr . mann½yfa m©as;bMNulénFnlaPsamyik b¤ snþtiCnrbs;GñkenaH GaceRCIserIsyk viFINamYycMeNjCag)an . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 723>- FnlaPsamyikmYyCIvit edayGc½©yTan bBaØtþiénCMBUkTI 12 ¬kic©snüaFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvit¦ enH RtUvykmk

GnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr cMeBaHGc©½yTanEdlP¢ab;bnÞúkénFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvit .

¬kMNt;¦ FnlaPsamyikGaceFVIedaykic©snüa b¤ edayGc©½yTanEdlP¢ab;nwgbnÞúk . K μanmUlehtuNamYy[

cat;EcgFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvitedayGc©½yTan epSgBIFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvitedaykic©snüaeT ehtudUecñH maRtaenHEcgc,as;las;[GnuvtþdUcKñatambBaØtþiénCMBUkenH cMeBaHFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvitedayGc©½yTan EdlP¢ab;nwgbnÞúkpgEdr . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


CMBUkTI 13 karsHCa

maRta 724>- niymn½y karsHCa sMedAeTAelIkic©snüamYy EdlPaKI)anRBmeRBogbBa©b;vivaTEdl

manrvagKñanwgKña edayeFVIsm,TaneTAvijeTAmk .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIniymn½yénkarsHCa . karsHCa KWCakic©snüabBa©b;nUvvivaTrvagPaKIEdlmanvivaTenaH . ]TahrN_dUcCa GMBIeRKaHfñak;cracrN_

rvagcarI nig GñkrgeRKaH manvivaTGMBITwkR)ak;énsMNgénkarxUcxat ehIyPaKITaMgenH)anRBmeRBogKñasþIBI TwkR)ak;énsMNgenH tamry³karcrcaredIm,IedaHRsayvivaTenH . cMeBaHkarsHCatampøÚvtulakar man

159

GanuPaBbBa©b;erOgkþItamnItiviFIrdæb,evNI ehIymanxøwmsarmYyeTot KW karbegáItkic©snüasHCaedIm,IbBa©b; vivaTrvagPaKItampøÚvc,ab;nItiÉkCn . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦


maRta 725>- vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénkarsHCa 1-edIm,IeFVIkarsHCa PaKIRtUvmansiT§iGMNaccat;EcgvtßúEdlCakm μvtßú man

enAkñúgkarsHCaenaH . 2-karsHCa edIm,IeFVI[TMnak;TMngKtiyutþEdlemaX³ edaysarPaBpÞúynwg

sNþab;Fñab;saFarN³ b¤ TMenomTmøab;l¥ b¤ bBaØtþiEdlGnuvtþedaybgçM [man

GanuPaBeLIgenaH RtUvTukCaemaX³ .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgsþIBIvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénkarsHCa . kfaxNÐTI 1 EcgGMBIl½kçx½NÐénkarsHCafa PaKIénkarsHCaRtUvmansiT§iGMNaccat;EcgvtßúEdlCakmμvtßú

EdlmanenAkñúgkarsHCaenaH . ]TahrN_ Ptik³éndIFøImñak; minGacsHCaKñacMeBaHvivaTGMBIRBMdI CamYynwg m©as;kmμsiT§idIFøIenACab;dIenaH)aneT . eTaHbICa)aneFVIkic©snüasHCa k¾kic©snüaenaHkøayCaemaX³Edr ehIy m©as;kmμsiT§idIFøICab;KñaenaH BMuGacGHGagGMBIxøwmsarénkic©snüasHCaenaH cMeBaHm©as;kmμsiT§idIFøIEdl)anCYleT .

kfaxNÐTI 2 Ecgfa ]TahrN_ sþIBIR)ak;QñHEl,gsIusg b¤ R)ak;lk;TijeRKOgejón karbEgVrR)ak; enHeTACaR)ak;km©I edIm,IeFVI[siT§ielIbMNulmansuBlPaBenaH RtUvTukCaemaX³ . mann½yfa minGnuBaØat[ bEgVrGVImYyeTACaTMnak;TMngKtiyutþmYyepSg edIm,IsMGatR)ak;)aneLIy . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

cMeBaHkfaxNÐTI 1 sUmemIlmaRta 2054 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg .

maRta 726>- xsnüaGMBIR)ak;FanasMNgkñúgkrNIbMBankic©snüa kñúgkic©snüasHCa GacbEnßmxsnüaGMBIR)ak;FanasMNgkñúgkrNIbMBankic©

snüa cMeBaHbuKÁlEdlminGnuvtþkic©snüaenaH)an .

¬kMNt;¦

160

maRtaenHEcgeLIgedIm,IbBa¢ak;[)anc,as;las;fa GacbEnßmnUvxsnüasþIBIR)ak;FanasMNgkñúgkrNIbMBan kic©snüa enAkñúgkic©snüasHCa)an .

kñúgkic©snüasHCa edIm,IedaHRsayvivaT ehIyTamTar[PaKImçageToténkic©snüa Gnuvtþtamkarsnüa enaHedaysμ ½RKcitþ tamFm μta PaKIeRcInEtbnßynUvTwkR)ak;Edl)anTamTarBImun b¤ TTYlsÁal;nUvkarsgbNþak; CaedIm . k¾b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlPaKImçageTotmin)anGnuvtþtamkarRBmeRBogénkarsHCaenaHeT mUldæanén karsHCanwgRtUvEbk)ak; ehtuenHehIy Gacdak;bnÞúk[bg;R)ak;FanasMNgeBlbMBankic©snüaenaH)an . müa:geTot kñúgkrNIsHCaEdlminRtUveFVIskmμPaBNamYy dUcCaBMuRtUvbeBa©jsemøgGWgkg CaGaT× mankrNIxøH PaKIkMNt;CamunnUvkarBin½yeBlEdlbMBankarRBmeRBogenH edIm,IeFVI[GñkmankrNIykic©Gnuvtþtamkarsnüa rbs;xøÜn . maRtaenH GnuBaØat[mankic©snüasHCaEdlP¢ab;CamYynwgxsnüaénR)ak;FanasMNgkñúgkrNIbMBan kic©snüa . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdl)ankMNt;nUvR)ak;sMNgkñúgkrNIbMBankic©snüaEdlmanTwkR)ak;sMNgeRcInhYs ehtu kic©snüaGackøayeTACaemaX³ edaysarpÞúynwgsNþab;Fñab;saFarN³ nig TMenomTmøab;l¥ ehtuenH ehIy RtUvkMNt;nUvxsnüaEdlmansMNgFanakñúgkrNIbMBankic©snüa edaymanTwkR)ak;smrmümYy . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ maRta 2047 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg

maRta 727>- GanuPaBénkarsHCa kñúgkrNIEdlTTYlsÁal;faPaKImçagmansiT§i b¤ )anTTYlsÁal;faPaKImçag

eTotK μansiT§ielIkm μvtßúénvivaT edaykarsHCa ehIyebI)anrkeXIjPsþútagEdl

snñidæan)anfa PaKIenaHK μansiT§ienaHtaMgBIedImmk b¤ ebI)anrkeXIjPsþútagEdl

snñidæan)anfa PaKImçageTotmansiT§ienaH RtUvcat;Tukfa siT§ienaH RtUv)anepÞreTA [PaKIenaH edaykarsHCa b¤ RtUvcat;Tukfa siT§irbs;PaKImçageTot RtUv)anrlt; .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgfa etITMnak;TMngKtiyutþEdlmanBImunmk nwgkøayeTACaya:gNaEdr kñúgkrNIEdlman

kic©snüasHCa . ]TahrN_ A )anGHGagfa )aneFVIlT§kmμnUvdIFøImYykEnøgrbs;kmμsiT§ikr B edaysarGaC£ayukalén

lT§km μsiT§i ehIyerOgvivaTBak;B½n§nwgkmμsiT§ielIdIFøIenHrvag A nig B )anekIteLIg . bnÞab;mk A nig B )aneFVI kic©snüa sHCamYyEdlmanxøwmsarfa dIBak;kNþalEdlenAPaKxagekIt KWCarbs; A Edl)aneFVIlT§kmμeday

161

GaC£ayukalénlT§kmμsiT§i rIÉdIBak;kNþaleTotEdlenAPaKxaglic KWCarbs; B dEdl . kñúgkrNIenH RbsinebIeRkayBIenaHmk eKrkeXIjPsþútagc,as;las;fa tamkarBit A BMu)ankan;kab;dIenaHeT enaH A k¾BMu )aneFVIlT§kmμnUvdIBak;kNþalPaKxagekItenaHedayGaC£ayukalénlT§kmμsiT§iEdr . eTaHbICamankrNIdUcenH k¾eday k¾km μsiT§iéndIBak;kNþalPaKxagekIt RtUvepÞreTA[ A tamkic©snüasHCa edayGanuPaBénkic©snüa sHCaEdr . müa:geTot RbsinebIeBleRkaymk eKrkeXIjPsþútagc,as;las;fa A )ankan;kab;dIenaHTaMgGs; kñúgeKalbMNgeFVICakm μsiT§ikréndITaMgmUlenaH BitEmn A GaceFVIlT§km μnUvdIBak;kNþalPaKxaglicEdr edayGaC£ayukalénlT§kmμsiT§i . kñúgkrNIenHk¾eday k¾km μsiT§iéndIBak;kNþalPaKxaglicenAEtCarbs; B

dEdl edaysarkic©snüasHCaenaH mann½yfa GanuPaBénlT§km μedayGaC£ayukalrbs; A RtUv)an)at;bg; . enHKWCaGanuPaBénkarsHCa . cMeBaHerOgvivaTGMBIR)ak; k¾dUcKñaEdr ]TahrN_ kñúgerOgsMNgénkarxUcxat edaysareRKaHfñak;cracrN_ CnrgeRKaH A )anTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatCaTwkR)ak; 200 duløar rIÉcarIvij )anGHGagfa karxUcxatmanEt 100 duløarb:ueNÑaHeT ehIyeKTaMgBIr)ansHCaedaykMNt;CaTwkR)ak;sMNg énkarxUcxat 150 duløar . EteRkaymk eBleKrkeXIjPsþútagfa karxUcxatman 170 duløar dUecñH siT§iTamTarnUvsMNgénkarxUcxat 20 duløarrbs; A RtUvrlt; . pÞúyeTAvij RbsinebIkarxUcxatBitmanEt 120 duløarb:ueNÑaH eT mann½yfa 30 duløarEdlelIs k¾RtUv)anepÞrBI B eTA A edaysarGanuPaBénkic©snüa sHCaenHEdr . dUecñHehIy)anCamaRtaenHEcgfa GanuPaBénkarrlt; b¤ karepÞrsiT§inwgekIteLIgedaysar kic©snüasHCa edIm,IkMu[manbBaðaTamTarsMNgénesckþIceRmIneday\tehtuekIteLIgeBleRkayeTot .


maRta 728>- karPan;RcLMEdlTak;TgeTAnwgsiT§iEdlCakm μvtßúénvivaT CaGaT× eTaHbICakñúgkrNIEdl)ansHCa edayPaKImçagPan;RcLMGMBIm©as;siT§i b¤

GgÁehtuEdlCamUldæanénkarKNnatémøénkm μvtßúk¾eday RbsinebIIkarsHCaenaH )aneFVIedaysm,TanKñaeTAvijeTAmkGMBIm©as;siT§i b¤ GtßiPaB ntißPaBénGgÁehtu b¤ karvaytémø CaGaT× PaKIBMuGacykmUlehtuénkarPan;RcLMBIIm©as;siT§i b¤ GtßiPaB

ntißPaBénGgÁehtu b¤ karvaytémø CaGaT× mklubecalkarsHCa)aneLIy .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHCabBaØtþieFVIkarkRmitcMeBaHkarlubecalkic©snüasHCaedaysarkarPan;RcLM tamlkçN³Biess

162

énkic©snüasHCa . PaKIGacmankarPan;RcLM GMBIGgÁehtu CaGaT× kñúgkareFVIkic©snüasHCa . kñúgcMeNamenaH GacmankrNI

EdlPaKIBMumanKMnitsHCaeT Et)ancuHhtßelxaelIlixitsHCaeRkAtulakaredaykarPan;RcLM b¤ manKMnit sHCakñúgTwkR)ak;cMnYn 1000 duløar Et)anRcLMsresrEt 100 duløarb:ueNÑaH enAelIlixitsHCa . kñúgkrNI dUcenH PaKIEdl)anPan;RcLM Gaclubecalkic©snüasHCaenaH)an edaykarPan;RcLM edayEp¥kelIl½kçx½NÐ Edl)ankMNt;enAkñúgmaRta 346 énRkmenH . bnÞab;mk GacmankrNIEdlPaKIeFVIkic©snüasHCaedayman karPan;RcLMGMBIm©as;siT§i b¤ GgÁehtuEdlCamUldæanénkarKNnatémøénkm μvtßú . ]TahrN_ A )anGHGagfa xøÜn)aneFVIlT§kmμdIFøIEdlCakmμsiT§irbs; B edayGaC£ayukalénlT§kmμsiT§i rIÉ B vij edayKiteXIjfa A )ankan;kab;dIenaH Cab;lab;Gs;ry³eBl 10 qñaMehIy k¾suxcitþyl;RBmsHCaCamYy A edayepÞrkmμsiT§idIenaH eTA[ A ehIyTTYlR)ak;tamkarsHCaEtbnþicbnþÜcvij . k¾b:uEnþ eRkaymk eKrkeXIjfa kñúgGMLúgeBl 10 qñaMenaH maneBl 2 qñaM Edl A min)ankan;kab;dIenaH dUecñHehIy GaC£ayukalénlT§km μsiT§ienaH minTan;)an seRmcenAeLIyeT . kñúgkrNIenH RbsinebIrvag A nig B eBlcrcaredIm,IeFVIkic©snüasHCa mankarCECkGMBI karkan;kab;eday A Et B )anyl;RBmeFVIkic©snüasHCa edaysarxøÜnyl;eXIjfa karGHGagrbs; A manPaB smrmüxøaMg enaH B minGaclubecalkic©snüasHCaenaH edayykmUlehtufa mankarPan;RcLMGMBI karmin)ankan;kab;dIenaH ry³eBl 2 qñaM enAkñúgGMLúgeBl 10 qñaMenaH eday A ¬karPan;RcLMGMBIGtßiPaB b¤ ntßiPaBénGgÁehtu¦ )aneT . mankrNIepSgeTot dUcCakrNITamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatedayeRKaHfñak; cracrN_vij CnrgeRKaH)anGHGagfa mankarxUcxatcMnYn 200 duløar rIÉcarIvij )anGHGagfa karxUcxatman Et 100 duløareT ehIyPaKIsgxag)ansHCaKñafa karxUcxatmancMnYn 150 duløar . kñúgkrNIenH RbsinebI PaKITaMgsgxag)anCECkKñaGMBIkarvaytémøénkarxUcxatenaH ehIy)aneFVIkic©snüasHCadUcenaH PaKIminGac lubecalkic©snüasHCa eRkayeBlenaH edayykmUlehtufa mankarPan;RcLMGMBIkarvaytémøénkarxUcxat )aneLIy . kardak;kRmitkñúgkarlubecalnUvkic©snüasHCa edaykarPan;RcLMenH KWedIm,IeCosvagnUvvivaT Cafμ IeTotekIteLIg edaysarmanmUlehtuPan;RcLM . müa:geTot karkRmitenHTTYlsÁal;EtcMeBaHkrNIEdl {karsHCaenaH )aneFVIedaysm,TaneTAvijeTAmkGMBIm©as;siT§i b¤ GtßiPaB ntßiPaBénGgÁehtu b¤ karvaytémø CaGaT×} b:ueNÑaHeT dUecñHehIy eyIgsnñidæanfa PaKIenaH)ansHCa edaymankarTTYlsÁal;fa xøÜnGacman karPan;RcLM ehIyeTaHbICamankarkRmitdUcenHk¾eday k¾minEmnCakarmYytwgruwgF¶n;F¶rsRmab;PaKIEdl )anPan;RcLMeT . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

vaküxNÐTI 2 maRta 2054 nig maRta 2055 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg

163

CMBUkTI 14 karRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al

maRta 729>- krNIykic©RKb;RKgrbs;GñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al 1-eTaHbICaK μansiT§iGMNack¾eday karcab;epþImRKb;RKgkic©karedIm,IbuKÁl

déT ehAfa karRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al . buKÁlEdleFVIkarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al

ehAfa GñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al . 2-GñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al RtUvRKb;RKgedayBüayamRbugRby½tñ kñúgnam

CaGñkRKb;RKgedaysucrit tamviFIEdlsmrmüCageK edIm,IplRbeyaCn_rbs; samIxøÜn Ep¥ktamlkçN³énkic©karenaH .

3-RbsinebIGñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al )andwgGMBIqnÞ³rbs;samIxøÜn b¤ Rbsin

ebIGacdwgGMBIqnÞ³enaH)an RtUveFVIkarRKb;RKgedayEp¥ktamqnÞ³enaH .

¬kMNt;¦ ¬!¦ kñúgCIvPaBRbcaMéf¶ mnusSeyIgCanic©kalykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHkic©karrbs;GñkdéT eTaHbICaK μansiT§iGMNac b¤ krNIykic©tampøÚvc,ab;edIm,IeFVIEbbenaHk¾eday . dUcEdleyIgdwgRsab;ehIyfa karCYyKñaeTAvijeTAmk rvagGñkCitxag samKÁIPaBsgÁm nig kic©shRbtibtþikareTAvijeTAmk mansar³sMxan;Nas;enAkñúgCIvitrbs; mnusSeyIg . b:uEnþ vac,as;Nas;eTAehIyEdlfa karCYyKñaeTAvijeTAmkenH KWCa {kareRCotERCkcUleTAkñúg kic©karrbs;GñkdéT} . RbsinebIeyIgGnuvtþeKalkarN_s½VyPaBénbuKÁlÉkCn[Cak;lak;eTA karCYyKña eTAvijeTAmkEbbenH RtUv)anvaytémøfa xusc,ab; . edaysarEtehtuplenHehIy CakrNIelIkElgcMeBaH eKalkarN_s½VyPaBénbuKÁlÉkCn CMBUkenHdak;bBa©ÚlnUvbBaØtþiEdleFVI[ {kareRCotERCkcUleTAkñúgkic©kar rbs;GñkdéT} minxusc,ab; RbsinebIkareRCotERCkenaH)anbMeBjnUvl½kçx½NÐmYycMnYn nig bBaØtþidéTepSgeTot EdlBak;B½n§CamYynwgTMnak;TMngsiT§i nig krNIykic©rvagGñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al nig samIxøÜn . edaysar TMnak;TMngenHekIteLIgedayc,ab; EtminEmnedayqnÞ³rbs;PaKI TMnak;TMngenHRtUv)anehAfaCa {TMnak;TMngén katBVkic©EdlkMNt;edayc,ab;} . ¬@¦ kfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRtaenHkMNt;niymn½yfa {kareRCotERCkcUlkñúgkic©karGñkdéT} tamry³karCYyKña eTAvijeTAmk KWCa {karRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al} ehIy[niymn½yfa buKÁlEdlRbtibtþikarRKb;RKg KWCa GñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al .

edIm,I[skmμPaBmYyGacRtUv)ancat;TukfaCakarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al GñkRKb;RKgcaM)ac;RtUvmanqnÞ³

164

RKb;RKgkic©kar {edIm,IbuKÁldéT} . qnÞ³enHKWehAfa {qnÞ³RKb;RKg} . RbsinebIGñkRKb;RKgK μanqnÞ³RKb;RKg eT skm μPaBRKb;RKgenaHminRtUv)ancat;TukfaCakarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥aleT ehIyGñkRKb;RKgminGacTamTar [sgvijnUvesah‘uyEdl)ancMNaysRmab;karRKb;RKgenaH CaGaT× eT . b:uEnþ skm μPaBmYyk¾GacRtUv)an cat;TukfaCakarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥alpgEdr RbsinebIGñkRKb;RKgmanTaMgqnÞ³RKb;RKg {edIm,IbuKÁldéT} nig {edIm,IsamIxøÜn} . ]TahrN_ dUcCa RbsinebIRcaMgTenøTMngCaRtUv)ak;edaysarkarekIneLIgénTwkTenø ehIy manGñkrs;enAEk,rdgTenøNamñak; cat;viFankarCabnÞan; edIm,ITb;kMu[RcaMg)ak; edIm,IkarBarminEmnEtpÞHxøÜnÉg b:ueNÑaHeT KWedIm,IkarBarpÞHGñkCitxagEdr skmμPaBEbbenaHnwgRtUvcat;TukfaCakarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al .

Baküfa {karRKb;RKg} EdleRbIenAkñúgkarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al KWxusKñaBIeKalKMnitén {karRKb;RKg} EdlRtUv)aneRbIenAkñúgEpñkdéTeToténRkmrdæb,evNI Rtg;cMNucfa Bakü {RKb;RKg} EdlRtUv)aneRbIkñúgkar RKb;RKgedayQWq¥alenaH rab;bBa©ÚlTaMgskmμPaBcat;EcgpgEdr . b:uEnþ karcat;EcgenHRtUvEteFVIeLIgtam meFüa)aysmRsbbMputedIm,IplRbeyaCn_rbs;samIxøÜn . ¬#¦ kfaxNÐTI 2 EcgGMBIkrNIykic©CamUldæanrbs;GñkRKb;RKgfa GñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al mankrNIykic© RKb;RKgedayRbugRby½tñ kñúgnamCaGñkRKb;RKgedaysucrit edIm,IRKb;RKgkic©kartamviFIEdlsmrmüCageK edIm,IplRbeyaCn_rbs;samIxøÜn . RbsinebIGñkRKb;RKgmin)anbMeBjkrNIykic©RKb;RKgedayRbugRby½tñ kñúgnamCaGñkRKb;RKgedaysucriteT skm μPaBRKb;RKgenaHRtUvcat;Tukfa xusc,ab; ehIyGñkRKb;RKgRtUvTTYl xusRtUvkñúgkarsgsMNgkarxUtxatEdlekIteLIgBIkarxkxanenaH .

krNIykic©RKb;RKgedayRbugRby½tñkñúgnamCaGñkRKb;RKgedaysucrit mann½yfa CakarRKb;RKgkic©kar edaymankarykcitþTukdak;x<s; EdlGñkRbkbedayvicarNBaØaNnwgeFVI kñúgsßanPaBCak;lak;NamYy . ¬$¦ cMeBaHbBaðafa etIskm μPaBrbs;GñkRKb;RKgbeRmI b¤ minbRmI[plRbeyaCn_rbs;samIxøÜn CaeKalkarN_ RtUvvinicä½yedaysamIxøÜnpÞal; . ehtudUecñH kñúgkrNIEdlGñkRKb;RKg)andwg b¤ Gacdwg)annUvqnÞ³rbs;samIxøÜn GñkRKb;RKgRtUvRKb;RKgkic©karedayeyagtamqnÞ³rbs;samIxøÜnenaH . kfaxNÐTI 3 bBa¢ak;GMBIcMNucenH . kñúgkrNIEdlGñkRKb;RKgminGacdwgqnÞ³rbs;samIxøÜneT qnÞ³rbs;samIxøÜnenaH RtUv)anvinicä½yedayeyagtam TsSn³TUeTAkñúgsgÁm edayKitBicarNanUvlkçN³énkic©kar kal³eTs³Cak;EsþgCuMvijskm μPaBRKb;RKg .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ maRta 697 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 677 maRta 679 nig maRta 6878 énRkmrdæb,evNI

GaløWm:g;/ maRta 419 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©énRbeTssIVs/ maRta 825 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa

maRta 730>- karRKb;RKgedayQWq¥alkñúgPaBbnÞan;

165

RbsinebIGñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al )aneFVIkarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al edIm,I eCosvageRKaHfñak; enAkñúgsPaBbnÞan; cMeBaHrUbkaysamIxøÜn kitþiys b¤ RTBü sm,tþi luHRtaEtK μanKMnitTuc©rit b¤ kMhusF¶n;F¶r Etb:ueNÑaHeT eTIbGñkRKb;RKg

edayQWq¥al BMumankarTTYlxusRtUvelIsMNgénkarxUcxat EdlekIteLIgeday

sarkarRKb;RKgenaH .

¬kMNt;¦ RbsinebIplRbeyaCn_tampøÚvc,ab;rbs;GñkdéT EdlmandUcCa CIvit b¤ RTBüsm,tþi CaedIm sßitkñúg

sßanPaBeRKaHfñak; skm μPaBedIm,IseRgÁaHplRbeyaCn_Rsbc,ab;TaMgGs;enaH minEmnRKan;EtKYrEtTTYlsÁal; fa Rsbc,ab;b:ueNÑaHeT b:uEnþ KYrEtRtUv)anKaMRTy:agskm μpgEdr BITsSn³énkarCYyKñaeTAvijeTAmk . ehtudUecñH cMeBaHskm μPaBRKb;RKgkñúgkrNIEdlmansßanPaBbnÞan; maRtaenHbnßynUvkrNIykic©RbugRby½tñ rbs;GñkRKb;RKgticCagkarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥alkñúgkrNIFm μta ehIyEcgfa GñkRKb;RKgminmankarTTYl xusRtUvkñúgkarsgsMNgkarxUtxateTAsamIxøÜneLIy cMeBaHral;karxUtxatTaMgLayNaEdlbgáeLIgeday skmμPaBRKb;RKgedayQWq¥alkñúgPaBbnÞan; elIkElgEtGñkRKb;RKgenaHmanKMnitTuc©rit b¤ kMhusF¶n;F¶r . müa:geTot sßanPaBbnÞan;k¾RtUvKitBicarNadak;cUlCaktþasRmab;kat;bnßynUvkrNIykic©RbugRby½tñrbs;Gñk RKb;RKgEdr .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ maRta 698 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 680 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 1374 énRkm

rdæb,evNI)araMg/ kfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 420 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©énRbeTssVIs

maRta 731>- krNIykic©CUndMNwgrbs;GñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al GñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al RtUvCUndMNwgGMBIkar)ancab;epþImkarRKb;RKg

edayQWq¥aleTA[samIxøÜn edayK μankaryWty:av . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlsamIxøÜn

)andwgGMBIkarRKb;RKgenaHehIy karCUndMNwgenHBMucaM)ac;eLIy .

¬kMNt;¦ ¬!¦ CaTUeTA enAeBlNaEdlkarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥alcab;epþIm samIxøÜneRcInEtmindwgGMBIkarRKb;RKgeday QWq¥alenaHeT . eTaHbICakarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥alenH KWCakarCYyKñaeTAvijeTAmkrvagGñkCitxagk¾eday

166

k¾vaenAEtCakareRCotERCkcUleTAkñúgkic©karrbs;GñkdéTEdr ehtudUecñH tameKalkarN_s½VyPaBénbuKÁl ÉkCn KYrEtsamIxøÜncUlrYmenAkñúgkarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥alenaH[)anqab;taMgBIdMbUgtamEdlGaceFVIeTA)an . edaysarmUlehtuenH maRtaenHkMNt;GM;BIkrNIykic©rbs;GñkRKb;RKg kñúgkarCUndMNwgGMBIkarcab;epþIm karRKb;RKgenaH eTAsamIxøÜn edayKμankaryWty:av . b:uEnþ RbsinebIminsÁal;samIxøÜneT GñkRKb;RKgmincaM)ac; eFVIkarCUndMNwgeT edaysarEtGñkRKb;RKgminGaceFVIkarCUndMNwgeTAsamIxøÜn)aneLIy . ¬@¦ PaByWty:av b¤ minyWty:avénkarCUndMNwg RtUvvinicä½yeTAtamlkçN³énkarRKb;RKgkic©karenaH . RbsinebIkic©karEdlRtUv)anRKb;RKgenaH KWCakic©karEtmYydg GñkRKb;RKghak;dUcCamincaM)ac;eFVIkarCUndMNwg eT . b:uEnþ edaysarbBaØtþisþIBIGaNtþiRtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr GñkRKb;RKgmankrNIykic©raykarN_ enAcugbBa©b; GñkRKb;RKgRtUvEtCUndMNwg ¬raykarN_¦ eTAsamIxøÜn eTaHbICakic©karRKb;RKgCakic©karEt mYydgk¾eday . ¬#¦ edaysarkarCUndMNwgEdl)anEcgenAkñúgmaRtaenH maneKalbMNgbBa¢ak;fa etIsamIxøÜnyl;RBm b¤ min yl;RBmcMeBaH karRKb;RKgkic©kar GñkRKb;RKgRtUvrg;caMkarcg¥úlbgðajBIsamIxøÜn elIkElgEtkñúgsßanPaB Biess Edlkarrg;caMniwgbgánUvkarxUcxatdl;plRbeyaCn_rbs;samIxøÜn . b:uEnþ rhUtTal;Etmankarcg¥úl bgðajBIsamIxøÜneTAcMeBaHGñkRKb;RKg GñkRKb;RKgenAEtbnþkarRKb;RKgEdlRsbeTAnwgqnÞ³EdlGacyl;)an rbs;samIxøÜn b¤ RbsinebIminGacRbmaNyl;)anGMBIqnÞ³rbs;samIxøÜneT GñkRKb;RKgRtUvbnþkarRKb;RKg[ )anRsbnwgplRbeyaCn_rbs;samIxøÜn .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ maRta 699 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 681 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløwm:g;

maRta 732>- krNIykic©bnþkarRKb;RKgrbs;GñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al GñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al RtUvbnþkarRKb;RKgenaH rhUtdl;eBlEdlsamI

xøÜn snþtiCn b¤ GñktMNagEdlc,ab;)ankMNt; rbs;samIxøÜnenaH GaceFVIkar RKb;RKg)an . b:uEnþ RbsinebIkarbnþkarRKb;RKgenaH pÞúynwgqnÞ³rbs;samIxøÜn b¤ RbsinebIc,as;fanwgeFVI[xUcplRbeyaCn_samIxøÜn RtUvbBa©b;karRKb;RKgenaH .

¬kMNt;¦ ¬!¦maRtaenHkMNt;fa GñkRKb;RKgEdl)ancab;epþImkarRKb;RKg RtUvbnþkarRKb;RKgenaHrhUtdl;eBlNamYy . RbsinebIkic©karEdlRtUv)anRKb;RKgenaH Cakic©karEdlRtUveFVIEtmYydg enaHnwgminmanbBaðaGVIekIteLIgeT

167

edaysarkarRKb;RKgenaH RtUvcb;enAeBlEdlGñkRKb;RKgbMeBjkic©karRKb;RKgcb;sBVRKb; . b:uEnþ RbsinebI kic©karTamTar[mankarRKb;RKgCabnþ ehIyGMLúgeBlEdlRtUveFVIkarRKb;RKgenaH min)ankMNt;Cak;lak; eTenaH bBaðanwgekIteLIgfa etIGñkRKb;RKgRtUvbnþRKb;RKgrhUtdl;eBlNa . edIm,IedaHRsaybBaðaenH maRta enHEcgfa GñkRKb;RKgRtUvbnþkarRKb;RKgrhUtdl;manehtuCak;lak;NamYyekIteLIg . ¬@¦ GñkRKb;RKgmankrNIykic©bnþeFVIkarRKb;RKgrhUtdl;eBlEdlsamIxøÜn snþtiCn b¤ GñktMNagEdlc,ab; )ankMNt; GacRbugeRbobedIm,IeFVIkarRKb;RKgedayxøÜnÉg)an . RbsinebIGñkRKb;RKgcab;epþImeFVIkarRKb;RKg edayQWq¥al ehIye)aHbg;ecalBak;kNþalTI GMeBIrebobenHnwgbgá[mankarxUcxatminRtwmRtUvdl;samIxøÜn Cajwkjab; . edaysarEtehtuplenHehIy CaeKalkarN_ GñkRKb;RKgminRtUv)anGnuBaØat[bBaÄb; karRKb;RKgedaykarseRmccitþrbs;xøÜnÉgEtmçagenaHeT . b:uEnþ RbsinebImanPaBc,as;las;fa karRKb;RKg edayQWq¥alenaH pÞúynwgqnÞ³rbs;samIxøÜn b¤ eFVI[xUcplRbeyaCn_rbs;samIxøÜn karbnþkarRKb;RKg minRtUv)anGnuBaØt edayeyagtamsμartIéneKalKMnitedIménkarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥aldUcmanEcgkñúg kfaxNÐ TI 2 nig kfaxNÐTI 3 énmaRta 729 ehtudUecñH GñkRKb;RKgRtUvbBaÄb;karRKb;RKg eTaHbICasamIxøÜn CaGaT× minTan;)anRbugeRbobedIm,IeFVIkarRKb;RKgk¾eday . vaküxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenH eFVIkarbBa¢ak;[c,as;eLIgvij nUveKalKMnitenH . ¬#¦ maRtaenHminmanbBaØtþiEcgfa etIkarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥alRtUvbBa©b;Edr b¤ y:agNaenaHeT enAeBlEdl GñkRKb;RKgTTYlmrNPaB . eTaHbICamanlT§PaBkñúgkarbkRsayfa snþtiCnrbs;GñkRKb;RKg RtUvTTYl snþtikm μnUvkrNIykic©bnþRKb;RKgkic©kark¾eday k¾snþtiCnenaHGacnwgminmansmtßPaBRKb;RKg)anRtwmRtUv Edr ]TahrN_dUcCakrNIEdlsnþtiCnrs;enAq¶ay CaedIm . edaysarEtsuqnÞ³rbs;GñkRKb;RKg mansar³ sMxan; cMeBaHkarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al ehIyedaysarEtmrNPaBrbs;GaNtiþKahk k¾CamUlehtumYy énkarbBa©b;GaNtþi ¬maRta 649¦ vaRbEhlCasmrmükñúgkarbkRsayfa karRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al RtUvbBa©b;enAeBlEdlGñkRKb;RKgTTYlmrNPaB . b:uEnþ bBaðaenHTuk[tulakarseRmcfa etIRtUvRbkan;yk karbkRsaymYyNaenaH .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ maRta 825 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 700 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ kfaxNÐTI 2 maRta

1372 én Rkmrdæb,evNI)araMg

maRta 733>- karykbBaØtþiénGaNtþimkGnuvtþdUcKña

168

bBaØtþicab;BImaRta 641 ¬krNIykic©raykarN_ rbs;GaNtþiKahk¦ rhUt

dl;maRta 643 ¬krNIykic©sgsMNgénkarxUcxatrbs;GaNtþiKahkEdl)an

eRbIR)ak;¦ énRkmenH RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr enAkñúgkarRKb;RKgedayQW q¥al .

¬kMNt;¦ eTaHbICakarRKb;RKgedayQWWq¥alminRtUv)aneFVIeLIgedayEp¥kelIqnÞ³rbs;samIxøÜnk¾eday k¾vaRsedogKña

nwgkic©snüaGaNtþiEdr Rtg;cMNucfa tamry³kic©snüaGaNtþi GaNtþiKahkeFVIkarcat;Ecgkic©karrbs; GaNtþiTayk ÉtamkarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al GñkRKb;RKgeFVIkarcat;Ecgkic©karedayqnÞanusiT§irbs;xøÜnedIm,I plRbeyaCn_rbs;samIxøÜn . dUecñH vaTMngCasmrmüEdlGñkRKb;RKgRtUvTTYlbnÞúknUvkrNIykic© dUcKñanwg krNIykic©EdlGaNtþiKahkRtUvTTYlbnÞúk . ehtudUecñH maRtaenHEcgfa bBaØtþicab;BImaRta 641 ¬krNIykic©raykarN_rbs;GaNtþiKahk¦ dl;maRta 643 ¬krNIykic©sgsMNgénkarxUcxatrbs; GaNtþiKahkEdl)aneRbIR)ak;¦ RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr cMeBaHkarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ maRta 701 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ kfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 1372 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 681


maRta 734>- siT§iTamTarsgesah‘uyvijrbs;GñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al 1-RbsinebI)anecjcMNayCacaM)ac;sRmab;karRKb;RKg nig EfrkSavtßú b¤

cMNaybegáIntémø edIm,IsamIxøÜn GñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥alGacTamTar cMeBaHsamI xøÜn[sgvij)an .

2-bBaØtþikfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRta 646 ¬siT§iTamTar[sgmkvij CaGaT× nUv esah‘uyrbs;GaNtþiKahk¦ énRkmenH RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr RbsinebI GñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al )anTTYlbnÞúkkatBVkic©EdlCaesah‘uyEdl)anbegáIn

témø edIm,IsamIxøÜn .

169

3-bBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1 nig TI 2 xagelIenH RtUvykmkGnuvtþ RtwmEt

kRmiténplRbeyaCn_EdlsamIxøÜn)anTTYlCak;Esþg RbsinebIGñkRKb;RKgeday

QWq¥al )aneFVIkarRKb;RKgpÞúyBIqnÞ³rbs;samIxøÜn .

¬kMNt;¦ ¬!¦ GtßRbeyaCn_kñúgkarTTYlsÁal;karbegáItskmμPaBRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al manenARtg;cMNucfa RbsinebI skmμPaBRKb;RKgmYyrbs;GñkRKb;RKgRtUv)ancat;TukfaCaRsbc,ab; krNIykic©mYycMnYnnwgekIteLIgcMeBaH samIxøÜn edaysarEtskmμPaBRsbc,ab;rbs;GñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al . kñúgcMeNamkrNIykic©EdlekIteLIg cMeBaHsamIxøÜn krNIykic©mYyEdlTTYlsÁal;)anedayminmanmnÞil KWkrNIykic©sgnUvesah‘uyEdl)an cMNaysRmab;karRKb;RKg . ebIniyayBITsSn³énGñkRKb;RKgvij vaKWCasiT§iTamTar[sgnUvesah‘uy .

edaysarEtkarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥albeRmI[plRbeyaCn_rbs;samIxøÜn y:agehacNas; samIxøÜnRtUv TTYlbnÞúknUvesah‘uyEdl)ancMNaysRmab;karRKb;RKgEdr . vasmehtusmplEdleyIgKitEbbdUecñHfa {TINamanplRbeyaCn_ TIenaHmanbnÞúknUvesah‘uy} . kfaxNÐTI 1 kMNt;c,as;las;GMBIbBaðaenH . ¬@¦ RbsinebIGñkRKb;RKgTTYlbnÞúknUvkatBVkic© kñúgkarRbtibtþinUvkarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al vamanlkçN³ gayRsYlEdlGñkRKb;RKgGacminRtwmEtGnuvtþkatBVkic© nig TamTar[samIxøÜnsgesah‘uymkvij eday eyagtamkfaxNÐTI 1 b:uEnþ GacTamTar[samIxøÜnGnuvtþkatBVkic©CMnYsGñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥alEdrenaH . karGnuvtþrebobenHnwgkat;bnßynUvhaniP½yrbs;GñkRKb;RKgpgEdr . edayKitdl;bBaðaenHehIy eTIbeyIg begáIt[mankfaxNÐTI 2 eLIg . ¬#¦ vaTamTar[mankarKitBicarNabEnßmedIm,IkMNt;fa karxUcxatEdlGñkRKb;RKgTTYlrg enAeBlRbtibtþi karRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al KYrRtUv)andak;bBa©ÚlenAkñúgesah‘uyEdl)ancMNaysRmab;karRKb;RKgEdr b¤eT . dUckfaxNÐTI 3 énmaRta 646 EdlBak;B½n§nwgGaNtþiEdr vaGacRtUv)anbkRsayfa GñkRKb;RKgGac TamTarnUvsMNgkarxUcxatBIsamIxøÜn cMeBaHkarxUcxatTaMgLayNaEdlGñkRKb;RKgTTYlrgedayK μankMhus . b:uEnþ eyIgk¾GacKit)anEdrfa GñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥alminmansiT§iTamTarsMNgkarxUcxatBIsamIxøÜneT BIeRBaHGñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al EdleFVIkic©kar minEmnedayEp¥kelIqnÞ³rbs;samIxøÜn minKYrRtUv)ancat;Ecg dUcKñanwgGaNtþiKahkEdleFVIkic©kar edayEp¥kelIkic©snüaGaNtþiEdleFVICamYysamIxøÜn ¬GaNtþiTayk¦ enaHeT .

CaTUeTA edaysarEtmankrNIeRcInRbePTEdlGñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥alTTYlrgnUvkarxUcxat enAeBl GnuvtþkarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al vahak;dUcCamanPaBsmrmüEdlfa karseRmcfa etIkarxUcxatRtUvdak;bBa©Úl

170

eTAkñúgesah‘uyEdl)ancMNaysRmab;karRKb;RKgEdr b¤y:agNaenaH RtUvTuk[tulakarvinicä½y edayEp¥keTA tamsßanPaBCak;lak;nImYy² . RbsinebIbuKÁlNamñak;)anCYyGñkEdllg;Twk ehIysemøókbMBak;rbs;xøÜn RbLak;kxVk; karxUcxatenaHRtUv)anbgáeLIgCaFmμta enAkñúgGMLúgeBlénkarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al ehtudUecñH karxUcxatenaHRtUvrab;bBa©ÚleTAkñúgesah‘uy . b:uEnþ RbsinebIbuKÁlenaH eTAb:HTgÁicCamYynwgeQIGENþtTwk ehIymanrbYs karxUcxatenaH)anekIteLIgedayeRKaHfñak;écdnünaGMLúgeBlCYyse®gÁaH ehtudUecñH vaenAmankarCECkedjedalKñafa etIrbYssñamedayeRKaHfñak;éfdnünaGMLúgeBlCYyse®gÁaHenaH KYrdak; bBa©Úlkñúgesah‘uyEdr b¤eT . eyIgGacniyay)anfa bBaðaTaMgenHnwgekIteLIgpgEdrenAkñúgkrNIénGaNtþi BIeRBaHfa karBinitüemIlRsedogKñaenHnwgRtUveFVIeLIgenAeBleFVIkarvinicä½yfa etIGaNtþiKahkTTYlrgnUvkar xUcxat {edIm,Icat;Ecgkic©karGaNtþi{ b¤eT .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ maRta 826 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 702 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 683 nig maRta

684 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 1375 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg

maRta 735>- siT§iTamTarkéRmrbs;GñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al kñúgkrNIEdlkarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥alenaHrYmbBa©ÚlenAkñúgviC¢aCIv³ b¤ GaCIv-

km μrbs;GñkRKb;RKg cMeBaHkic©karEdlenAEteFVIbnþ eRkayeBlEdlsamIxøÜn)an

dwgGMBIkarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥alenaHrYcehIy GñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al GacTamTar kéRmEdlRtUvbg;CaTUeTA cMeBaHkarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥alenaH)an .

¬kMNt;¦ ¬!¦ cMeBaHbBaðafa etIRtUvpþl;kéRmdl;karRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al b¤ya:gNa GacmanmtiepSg²Kña)anEdr . b:uEnþ karRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al RtUv)aneFVIeLIg tamsuqnÞ³rbs;GñkRKb;RKg dUcCa samKÁIPaBrvagKña karCYyKñaeTAvijeTAmkrvagGñkCitxag CaGaT× ehIyk¾RtUv)aneFVIeLIgedayminEp¥kelIqnÞ³rbs;samIxøÜneT ehtudUecñH karRKb;RKgenaH KYrEtRtUv)ancat;TukfaCaskmμPaBeday\tykkéRm ehIysiT§iTamTarkéRm rbs;GñkRKb;RKg CaeKalkarN_ KYrEtRtUv)anbdiesF . ¬@¦ b:uEnþ ebIeyageTAtamyutþisa®sþ nig TsSn³rYmrbs;RbeTs)araMg nig TsSn³rYmrbs;RbeTsGaløWm:g nig RbeTsCb:un RbsinebIskm μPaBRKb;RKgedayQWq¥alrbs;GñkRKb;RKg RtUv)andak;bBa©ÚlkñúgviC¢aCIv³ b¤ GaCIvkmμrbs;GñkRKb;RKg GñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al GacTamTarnUvkéRmEdlnwgRtUv)anbg;cMeBaHviC¢aCIv³ b¤

171

GaCIvkmμrbs;xøÜn . edayeyageTAelITsSn³enH maRtaenHEcgfa samIxøÜnmankrNIykic©bg;kéRmEdl RtUvbg;CaTUeTA cMeBaHkarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al EdlRbtibtþiedayGñkRKb;RKg enAeRkayeBlEdlsamIxøÜn )andwgfa karRKb;RKgedayQWq¥alRtUveFVIeLIgedayGñkRKb;RKgEdlRbkbviC¢aCIv³ b¤ GaCIvkm μRKb;RKg . enAeRkayeBlEdlsamIxøÜn)andwgGMBIkarRKb;RKgenH vaminmanbBaðaGVIekIteLIgeT kñúgkartRmUv[samIxøÜnman krNIykic©bg;kéRm BIeRBaHskmμPaBRKb;RKg GacRtUv)ancat;Tukfa RtUv)aneFVIeLIgedayEp¥kelIqnÞ³rbs; samIxøÜn . cMeBaHbBaðafa etIsamIxøÜnmankrNIykiic©bg;kéRm enAmuneBlxøÜn)andwgGMBIkarRKb;RKgeday QWq¥alRbePTenaHEdr b¤y:agNa KYrrg;caM[manyutþisa®sþnaGnaKt . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 826 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 702 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 683 nig maRta 684 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 1375 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg

CMBUkTI 15 esckþIceRmIneday\tehtu

maRta 736>- l½kçx½NÐ nig GanuPaBénesckþIceRmIneday\tehtu 1-eTaHbICaK μanmUlehtuelIpøÚvc,ab;k¾eday buKÁlEdl)anTTYlpl

RbeyaCn_edaysarRTBüsm,tþi b¤ Blkm μrbs;GñkdéT ehIyeFVI[ekItmankar)at; bg;plRbeyaCn_dl;GñkdéT edaysarkarTTYlenaH mankrNIykic©RtUvsgpl

RbeyaCn_enaH RtwmkRmitEdlplRbeyaCn_enaHman . 2-enAkñúgkrNIEdl)anTTYlkarpþl;tavkalikBIGñkdéT edayeyaltam

kic©snüa RbsinebIkic©snüaenaHBMumanGanuPaB b¤ RtUv)an)at;bg;GanuPaB buKÁl

Edl)anTTYlkarpþl;tavkalikenaH mankrNIykic©RtUvsgplRbeyaCn_ Edl

xøÜnTTYl)anedaysarkarpþl;tavkalikenaH [eTAGñkdéTEdl)anpþl;tavkalik

enaHvij dUcKñanwgbBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenHEdr .

¬kMNt;¦ ¬!¦ karBiPakSad¾skmμsþIBIesckþIceRmIneday\tehtu kMBugEtbnþeFVIeLIgenAbNþaRbeTsnImYy² . CaBiess manRbeTsCaeRcIn kMBugEtcab;epþImTTYlsÁal;fa vaBitCamansar³sMxan;kñúgkareFVIkarcat;RbePTesckþIceRmIn eday\tehtu nig eFVIkarBicarNaedayeyageTAtamkarEbgEckenaH . enAeBlRbeTsNamYybegáItnUvviFan

172

nanasþIBIesckþIceRmIneday\tehtu RbeTsenaHnwgRbQmmuxCamYynwgbBaðasþIBIrebobEdlRtUvRbkan;yk KW bBaðafa RtUvGnum½tnUvviFansRmab;RbePTénesckþIceRmIneday\tehtunImYy² b¤ RtUvGnum½tnUvviFanTUeTA ehIyedayEp¥kelIviFanTUeTAenH begáItnUvviFanCak;lak;tamyutþisaRsþ . eyIg)anseRmcykviFITIBIrenH sRmab;Rkmrdæb,evNIkm<úCa BIeRBaHeTaHbICaeKniyayfa vacaM)ac;edIm,IeFVIkarEbgEckRbePTesckþIceRmIn eday\tehtuk¾eday k¾TsSn³sþIBIRbePTEdlRtUvbegáItenaHxusKñaBIRbeTsmYyeTARbeTsmYyEdr . ehtupl mYyeTotEdleyIgsÞak;esÞIrkñúgkarseRmcykviFITImYy KWedaysarEtRkmrdæb,evNIenH minTTYlyknUvrbb ÉkraCüPaBénskmμPaBTak;TgnwgsiT§iRbtükS nig PaBK μanTMnak;TMngKñarvagmUlehtu nig lT§plén skmμPaBTak;TgnwgsiT§iRbtükSeT . ¬@¦ BITsSn³énsmPaB kfaxNÐTI 1 Ecgfa RbsinebIbuKÁlNamYyTTYl)anplRbeyaCn_ edayK μan mUlehtuKtiyutþ kñúgxN³eBlEdlbuKÁlmçageTotTTYlrgnUvkar)at;bg;plRbeyaCn_EdlCamUlehtuénkar TTYlRbeyaCn_edaybuKÁlmçageTotenaH GñkTTYlrgnUvkar)at;bg;plRbeyaCn_enaH mansiT§iTamTar[sgmk vijnUvplRbeyaCn_BIGñkTTYlenaH . bBaðafa etI {plRbeyaCn_} )anekIteLIgEdr b¤y:agNa etI {kar)at;bg; plRbeyaCn_} RtUv)anTTYlrgEdr b¤y:agNa nig fa etImanTMnak;TMngehtuplrvag {plRbeyaCn_} nig {kar)at;bg;plRbeyaCn_} Edr b¤y:agNa nwgRtUv)anvinicä½yedayeyageTAtamsßanPaBCak;lak;nImYy² . ¬#¦ TMhMén {plRbeyaCn_} EdlRtUvsgeTAvijedaybuKÁlEdl)anTTYlplRbeyaCn_enaH RtUv)ankRmitenA kñúgTMhMén {kar)at;bg;plRbeyaCn_} . Cajwkjab; buKÁlEdl)anTTYlplRbeyaCn_ EtgEtbriePaKpl RbeyaCn_enaH . RbsinebIbuKÁlEdl)anTTYlplRbeyaCn_ RtUv)anbgÁab;[sgplRbeyaCn_eRkayeBl briePaK buKÁlEdl)anTTYlplRbeyaCn_GacTTYlrgnUvkarxUcxatedaymin)anBüakrTukCamun . ehtudUecñH GVIEdlRtUvsgeTAvijenaH RtUv)ankRmitRtwm {plRbeyaCn_Edlman} . b:uEnþ edaysarEtminsUvman PaBcaM)ac;eRcInkñúgkarkarBarbuKÁlEdl)anTTYlplRbeyaCn_edayTuc©rit dUc)anEcgkñúgmaRta 737 maRta enHRtUvykmkGnuvtþEtcMeBaHbuKÁlNaEdl)anTTYlplRbeyaCn_edaysucritb:ueNÑaH . ¬$¦ cMeBaHbBaðafa etIplRbeyaCn_ {man} b¤ {K μan} KWGaRs½yeTAelIkarvinicä½yrbs;tulakar . b:uEnþ RbsinebI {plRbeyaCn_} CaR)ak;vij karvinicä½yEdlseRmcfa {man} nwgmanPaBTUlMTUlay edaysarlkçN³énsiT§i Edlmantémø b¤ PaBGrUbIénR)ak; . ]TahrN_ RbsinebIbuKÁlEdl)anTTYlR)ak;CaplRbeyaCn_ )aneRbIR)as; R)ak;enaH sRmab;cMNaykñúgCIvPaBrs;enA buKÁlenaHsnSMR)ak;BIR)ak;EdlRtUvcMNaysRmab;karpÁt;pÁg;RKYsar ehtudUecñH {plRbeyaCn_} enAEtmanCaR)ak;Edl)ansnSMTuk . ¬%¦ kfaxNÐTI 2 Ecgfa viFansþIBIesckþIceRmIneday\tehtu RtUvykmkGnuvtþ cMeBaHkrNIEdlkic©snüa køayCaemaX³ b¤ )at;bg;GanuPaBedaysarkarlubecal b¤ karrMlay . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIenH RbsinebI

173

manviFanBiesscMeBaHkic©snüaKYrGnuvtþ karGnuvtþviFanBiessenaHRtUvcat;Tukfa RsbeTAtamqnÞ³rbs;PaKI nig naMmknUvlT§plEdlRbkbedayPaBRtwmRtUv . bBaðafa etIkrNInImYy²sßitkñúgkrNIEbbenH b¤ y:agNaenaH RtUv)anTuk[tulakareFVIkarvinicä½y .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 821 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 703 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1376 nig maRta 1377 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 812 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;

maRta 737>- krNIykic©sgrbs;GñkTTYlplRbeyaCn_edayKMnitTuc©rit 1-buKÁlEdl)anTTYlplRbeyaCn_ dUc)ankMNt;enAkñúgmaRta 736

¬l½kçx½NÐ nig GanuPaBénesckþIceRmIneday\tehtu¦ xagelIenH kñúgkrNIEdl

)andwgfaK μanmUlehtuelIpøÚvc,ab; b¤ dwgfakic©snüaenaHBMumanGanuPaB buKÁl

Edl)anTTYlplRbeyaCn_ mankrNIykic©RtUvsgplRbeyaCn_EdlmanenA eBlEdl)andwg nig karR)ak; Kitcab;BIeBlEdl)andwg rhUtdl;eBlsg .

2-ebIbuKÁlEdl)anTTYlplRbeyaCn_ manectna b¤ kMhus cMeBaH GanuPaBénkic©snüaEdlRtUv)an)at;bg; buKÁlEdl)anTTYlplRbeyaCn_enaH mankrNIykic©RtUvsgplRbeyaCn_enaH edayP¢ab;CamYynwgkarR)ak; dUcKñanwg

bBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenHEdr . 3-ebIbuKÁlEdlRtUv)an)at;bg;plRbeyaCn_ TTYlkarxUcxat dUc)an

kMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 nig TI 2 xagelIenH buKÁlEdl)anTTYlplRbeyaCn_ RtUvTTYlxusRtUvelIsMNgénkarxUcxatenaH .

¬kMNt;¦ ¬!¦ RbsinebIbuKÁlEdl)anTTYlplRbeyaCn_)andwgfa plRbeyaCn_enaHK μanmUlehtuKtiyutþeT buKÁlenaH GacRtUv)anniyay)anfa )andwgfaplRbeyaCn_enaHCarbs;buKÁldéT . ehtudUecñH kfaxNÐTI 1 Ecgfa enAkñúgkrNIEbbenH buKÁlEdl)anTTYlplRbeyaCn_ RtUvsgplRbeyaCn_EdlmanenAeBlEdlxøÜn)andwgBI karN_enaH CamYyKñanwgkarR)ak;Edl)anmkBIplRbeyaCn_enaH . PaBRtwmRtUvénkarGnuvtþEbbenH KWc,as; las;dUc)anBnül;GMBImaRta 747 ehIy . cUrkt;smÁal;fa eTaHbICabuKÁlEdl)anTTYlplRbeyaCn_enaH

174

min)andwgGMBIkarN_enaHBIdMbUg ¬sucrit¦ k¾eday RbsinebIbuKÁlenaHkøayeTACaTuc©ritvijenAeBleRkay k¾maRtaenHRtUvykmkGnuvtþEdr . cMNucenH xusKñaBIkarGnuvtþtamRkmrdæb,evNICb:un . ¬@¦ RbsinebIkic©snüaRtUv)anlubecaledaysarkarqe)ak eKGacniyay)anfa Cnqe)akenaH )andwgfa plRbeyaCn_EdlxøÜnTTYl)an nwgK μanmUlehtuKtiyutþ edaysarkarlubecalnaGnaKt . kñúgkrNIenH Cnqe)akGacRtUv)ancat;Tukfa )andwgfa xøÜnKμanmUlehtuKtiyutþkñúgkarTTYlRbeyaCn_eT . kfaxNÐTI 2 bBa¢ak;c,as;las;GMBIbBaðaenH . karcat;EcgEbbenHKYreFVIeLIg minRKan;EtkñúgkrNIEdlbuKÁlEdl)anTTYl plRbeyaCn¾ manectnab:ueNÑaHeT RBmTaMgkrNIEdlbuKÁlenaHmankMhusEdr ehtudUecñH kfaxNÐTI 2 RtUvykmkGnuvtþ minEmnEtcMeBaHkrNIEdlbuKÁl)anTTYlRbeyaCn_edayectnab:ueNÑaHeT RBmTaMgcMeBaH krNIEdlbuKÁl)anTTYlplRbeyaCn_edaymankMhuspgEdr . ¬#¦ kfaxNÐTI 3 Ecgfa RbsinebIbuKÁlEdlbgá[mankar)at;bg;plRbeyaCn_ k¾TTYlrgnUvkarxUcxatEdr buKÁlEdl)anTTYlplRbeyaCn_Edl)andwg b¤ KYrGacdwg)anfa plRbeyaCn_enaHK μanmUlehtuKtiyutþ RtUvsgkarxUcxatenaH . kfaxNÐTI 3 TTYlsÁal;nUvkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;GñkTTYlplRbeyaCn_ cMeBaHsMNg énkarxUcxat eRkameKalkarN_énkarTTYlxusRtUvedaykMhus .

cMeBaHkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsMNgénkarxUcxatenH vaenAEtmankarCECkedjedalKñafa etIRtUvTTYl sÁal;CaBiesstambBaØtþisþIBIesckþIceRmIneday\tehtu edIm,IFana[)annUvPaByutþiFm’ b¤ KYrRtUvTTYlsÁal; tambBaØtþisþIBIGMeBIGnItüanukUl ¬karkMNt;kñúgmaRtaenHedIm,ICakarbBa¢ak;bEnßmcMeBaHkrNIenH¦ . edaysar EtbBaðaenHRtUvedaHRsayeTAtamkarvivtþénviFansþIBIkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHGMeBIGnItüanukUl nig karTTYl xusRtUvcMeBaHkarminGnuvtþkatBVkic© eyIgminBüayamEsVgrkcemøIyeT edayTuk[tulakar nig RTwsþInItisa®sþ naeBlGnaKteFVIkarbkRsay .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 823 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 704 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1378 énRkm rdæb,evNI)araMg/ kfaxNÐTI 1 maRta 819 nig kfaxNÐTI 4 maRta 818 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;

maRta 738>- karsgedayK μankatBVkic© buKÁlEdl)ansgkatBVkic©EdlxøÜnKμan GacTamTar[sgtavkalikén

karsgenaH mkvij)an . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdldwgfa K μankatBVkic©enAeBlsg

enaHeT buKÁlEdl)ansg minGacTamTar[sgtavkalikénkarsgenaH mkvij

)aneLIy .

175

¬kMNt;¦ RbsinebIbuKÁlNamñak;EdlK μankatBVkic© )ansgkatBVkic©enaH buKÁlenaHGacRtUv)ancat;Tukfa )anrgnUv

kar)at;bg;plRbeyaCn_ . pÞúyeTAvij RbsinebIbuKÁlNamñak;EdlK μansiT§ielIbMNul )anTTYlkarsgcMeBaH siT§ielIbMNulenaH buKÁlenaHGacRtUv)ancat;Tukfa )anTTYlplRbeyaCn_ edayK μanmUlehtuKtiyutþ . ehtudUecñH vaküxNÐTI 1 énmaRtaenHEcgfa CaeKalkarN_ krNIEbbenHbegáIt[mannUvesckþIceRmIneday \tehtu ehIybuKÁlEdl)anTTYlrgnUvkar)at;bg;plRbeyaCn_ GacTamTar[sgvijnUvtavkalikEdlRtUv)an pþl;Cakarsg . b:uEnþ RbsinebIbuKÁlmñak;sgkatBVkic©edaydwgGMBIntßiPaBénkatBVkic©enaH skmμPaBrbs; buKÁlenaH KWCaskm μPaBminsmehtupl kñúgn½yesdækic©TIpSar ehIymincaM)ac;RtUv)ankarBaredayc,ab;eT . vaküxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenH bBa¢ak;GMBIcMNucenH ehIyEcgfa tulakarnwgminKaMRTkarTamTar[sg edaybuKÁlEdl)ansg edaydwgfa xøÜnminmankatBVkic© .

müa:geTot maRtaenHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeT cMeBaHkrNIEdlkarsgedayttiyCn ¬EdlttiyCnEdl K μankatBVkic© sgkatBVkic©rbs;kUnbMNul¦ RtUv)aneFVIedaymansuBlPaB . kñúgkrNIenH m©as;bMNulman siT§ielIbMNul dUecñH karTTYlkarsgBIttiyCnedaym©as;bMNul minGaccat;Tukfa m©as;bMNul)anTTYl plRbeyaCn_edayK μanmUlehtuKtiyutþenaHeT .

elIsBIenHeTAeTot maRta 740 ¬karsgkatBVkic©rbs;GñkdéT¦ RtUvykmkGnuvtþ cMeBaHkrNIEdlbuKÁl EdlminEmnCakUnbMNul )ansgkatBVkic© edayKitfa katBVkic©enaHCakatBVkic©rbs;xøÜn . dUecñH KYrykcitþ Tukdak;elIkarkRmitcMeBaHkarbegáItesckþIceRmIneday\tehtu .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 819 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 705 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1235 maRta 1376 nig maRta 1377 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 814 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;

maRta 739>- karsgenAmunkMNt;eBl kñúgkrNIEdl)anpþl;tavkalikénkarsg cMeBaHkatBVkic©EdlminTan;dl;

kMNt;eBlsgenAeLIy kUnbMNulBMuGacTamTar[sgtavkalikEdlRtUv)an

pþl;enaH mkvij)aneLIy . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlkUnbMNul)ansg edayBMu)an

dwgGMBIkMNt;eBlsgEdlminTan;mkdl;enAeLIy m©as;bMNulmankrNIykic© RtUvsgplRbeyaCn_ Edl)anTTYledaysarkarsgenAmunkMNt;eBlenaH .

176

¬kMNt;¦ ¬!¦ eTaHbICakUnbMNulmincaM)ac;sgkatBVkic©rhUtdl;eBlkMNt;RtUvsgk¾eday k¾kUnbMNulGacsgkatBVkic© edaye)aHbg;plRbeyaCn_énkarkMNt;eBl)anEdr . ehtudUecñH CaeKalkarN_ ebIeTaHbICakUnbMNulsg katBVkic©muneBlkMNt;k¾eday k¾kUnbMNulminRtUv)anGnuBaØat[TamTarkarsgtavkalikeLIy . vaküxNÐTI 1 énmaRtaenHbBa¢ak;GMBIcMNucenH . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlkUnbMNulsgkatBVkic© edaymin)andwgfa eBlkMNt; minTan;mkdl;enAeLIy enaHkUnbMNul)ane)aHbg;ecalplRbeyaCn_énkarkMNt;eBledaymindwgxøÜn ehIy m©as;bMNulTTYlplRbeyaCn_eTAtamkare)aHbg;plRbeyaCn_énkarkMNt;eBlenaH . ehtudUecñH vaküxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenH Ecgfa kñúgkrNIEdlkUnbMNul)ansgkatBVkic© edaymin)andwgfa katBVkic©minTan;dl;eBl kMNt;sgenAeLIy kUnbMNulGacTamTar[sgplRbeyaCn_Edlm©as;bMNulGaceRbIR)as;tavkalikEdlxøÜn )anTTYlmuneBlkMNt;sg rhUtdl;eBlkMNt;sg ¬plRbeyaCn_kñúgcenøaHeBl¦ BIm©as;bMNul)an . ¬@¦ karcat;EcgcMeBaHkarR)ak;EdlbgÁr rhUtdl;eBlkMNt;RtUvsg kñúgkrNIénkarsgnAmuneBlkMNt; KWCa bBaðaEdlBak;B½n§nwgmaRtaenH . sUmemIlesckþIkMNt;EdlTak;TgeTAnwgkare)aHbg;RbeyaCn_énkarkMNt; eBl .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 706 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1185 nig maRta 1186 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 813 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;

maRta 740>- karsgkatBVkic©rbs;GñkdéT 1-kñúgkrNIEdlbuKÁleRkABIkUnbMNul )anpþl;tavkalikénkarsg eday

Pan;RcLMGMBIkatBVkic©rbs;GñkdéTfaCakatBVkic©rbs;xøÜn GacTamTar[sgtavkalik

enaH mkvij)an . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlm©as;bMNulBMu)andwgfa karpþl;tavkalik

enaH bNþalmkBIkarPan;RcLMrbs;buKÁlEdl)anpþl;tavkalikénkarsgenaHeT

ehIy)anbMpøajlixitlayl½kçN_GkSrEdlbBa¢ak;GMBIGtßiPaBénsiT§ielIbMNul b¤ )ane)aHbg;R)atiePaKecal eday)aneCOCak;faCakarsgEdlmansuBlPaB

buKÁlEdl)anpþl;tavkalikenaH minGacTamTar[sgtavkalikenaH mkvij)an

eLIy .

177

2-bBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH minraraMgkarGnuvtþsiT§iTamTarsMNg

rbs;buKÁlEdl)anpþl;tavkalikénkarsg cMeBaHkUnbMNuleLIy .

¬kMNt;¦ ¬!¦ zan³rbs;buKÁlEdlsgkatBVkic©rbs;GñkdéT edayPan;RcLMfaCakatBVkic©rbs;xøÜn manPaBRsedogKña nwgzan³rbs;buKÁlEdlK μankatBVkic© EtsgkatBVkic©edayPan;RcLMfa xøÜnmankatBVkic© dUc)anEcgkñúg vaküxNÐTI 1 énmaRta 738 Edr . ehtudUecñH vaküxNÐTI 1 kfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRtaenHEcgdUcnwgvaküxNÐTI 1 énmaRta 738 fa buKÁlEdl)ansgkatBVkic©GacTamTar[sgnUvtavkalikEdl)anpþl;Cakarsg . b:uEnþ RbsinebIm©as;bMNulEdlTTYlnUvkarsgmin)andwgfa karpþl;tavkalikenaHeFVIeLIgedaykarPan;RcLMrbs; Gñksg Cajwkjab;Nas; m©as;bMNulEdleCOCak;fa xøÜn)anTTYlkarsgEdlmansuBlPaB ehIybMpøajecal nUvlixitEdlbBa¢ak;BIGtßiPaBénsiT§ielIbMNul dUcCab½NÑbMNul CaGaT× b¤ e)aHbg;R)atiePaKecal . kñúg krNIenH RbsinebIkarTamTar[sgvijnUvkatBVkic©rbs;GñksgRtUv)anGnuBaØat enaHm©as;bMNulnwgRtUvTTYl lT§plEdlminsmehtupl dUcCamankarlM)akkñúgkarTamTar[GnuvtþkatBVkic© edaysarmankarlM)ak kñúgkarbBa¢ak;GMBIGtßiPaBénsiT§ielIbMNul b¤ siT§ielIbMNulminGacRtUv)anrkSakarBaredayR)atiePaK)an CaGaT× . ehtudUecñH vaküxNÐTI 2 énkfaxNÐTI 1 Ecgfa buKÁlNaEdlsgkatBVkic©bNþalmkBIkarPan;RcLM minGacTamTar[sgnUvtavkalikénkarsgenaH kñúgkrNIbMeBjl½kçx½NÐdUcteTA ³ ¬k¦ m©as;bMNulmin)an dwgfa karsgRtUv)aneFVIeLIgedaykarPan;RcLM nig ¬x¦ krNIEdlm©as;bMNulbMpøajlixitlayl½kçN_GkSr EdlbBa¢ak;GMBIGtßiPaBénsiT§ielIbMNul b¤ e)aHbg;R)atiePaKecal . müa:geTot vaküxNÐTI 2 énkfaxNÐTI 1 k¾KYrGnuBaØat[ykmkGnuvtþpgEdr cMeBaHkrNIEdlm©as;bMNulEdl)aneCOCak;fa karsgedaykarPan;RcLM KWCakarsgEdlmansuBlPaB Tuk[siT§ielIbMNulrlt;edayGaCJayukal . ¬@¦ kñúgkrNIEdlbuKÁlEdl)ansgedayPan;RcLM minGacTamTar[sgnUvtavkalikénkarsgenaHBIm©as; bMNul)aneT m©as;bMNulGackþab;TuknUvtavkalikenaH)an ehIykrNIenHRtUv)ancat;EcgdUcKñanwgkrNIEdl mankarsgedaymansuBlPaB . mann½yfa krNIenHRtUv)ancat;EcgdUcKñanwgkrNIEdlbuKÁl)ansg katBVkic©rbs;GñkdéT kñúgnamCattiyCn ¬kfaxNÐTI 1 maRta 434 énRkmenH¦ . ehtudUecñH vaCakarBit Nas;ehIyEdlGñksgGacGnuvtþsiT§iTamTarsMNgcMeBaHkUnbMNulEdl)anrYcputBIkatBVkic©enaH . kfaxNÐTI 2 EcgedIm,IbBa¢ak;GMBIbBaðaenH .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ maRta 707 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ kfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 1377 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg nig maRta 816


178

maRta 741>- karpþl;tavkalikedaymUlehtuxusc,ab; enAkñúgCMBUkTI 15 ¬esckþIceRmIneday\tehtu¦ enH kñúgkrNIEdlkarTam

Tarrbs;buKÁlEdlRtUv)anxUcxatplRbeyaCn_ cMeBaHbuKÁlEdl)anTTYlpl

RbeyaCn_enaH pÞúynwgreboberobrysaFarN³ b¤ TMenomTmøab;l¥ b¤ c,ab;Edl

Tak;TgeTAnwgsNþab;Fñab;saFarN³ karTamTar[sgenaH BMuRtUv)anGnuBaØat

eLIy .

¬kMNt;¦ esckþIceRmIneday\tehtuEtgekIteLIgCajwkjab;enAeBlkic©snüakøayCaemaX³ . enAeBltavkalik

RtUv)anpþl;edaysarEtkarsnñidæanfa kic©snüamansuBlPaB RbsinebIkic©snüakøayCaemaX³ tavkalikenaH køayeTACaplRbeyaCn_EdlKμanmUlehtuKtiyutþ ehIyGacsnñidæanfa plRbeyaCn_enaHbNþalmkBIkar )at;bg;plRbeyaCn_rbs;buKÁlEdl)anpþl;tavkalik . ehtudUecñH CaeKalkarN_ bBaØtþienHGnuBaØat[ TamTar[sgesckþIceRmIneday\tehtu cMeBaHtavkalikEdlRtUv)anpþl;tamry³kic©snüaemaX³ .

b:uEnþ vaminEmnCakrNIEdlkRmeT Edlkic©snüakøayCaemaX³ edaysarmanPaBpÞúynwgsNþab;Fñab; saFarN³ nig TMenomTmøab;l¥ b¤ pÞúynwgbBaØtþiEdlGnuvtþedaybgçMNamYy . RbsinebIkarTamTar[sgnUv tavkalikEdlRtUv)anpþl;;kñúgeKalbMNgNamYyEdlRbqaMgnwgsgÁm GacRtUv)aneFVIeLIg tameKalkarN_enH GñkEdl)aneFVIskm μPaBpþl;tavkalik nwgmanlT§PaBRbmUlesah‘uycMNay)an . karGnuvtþEbbenH nwgkat; bnßyy:agsem,ImnUvGanuPaBénkarBüayamTb;sáat;nUvskmμPaBRbqaMgsgÁm edaykareFVI[skm μPaBenaHTuk CaemaX³ . ehtudUecñH manPaBcaM)ac;kñúgkarbdiesFnUvkarTamTar[sgtavkalikEdl)anpþl;kñúgeKalbMNg eFVIskm μPaBRbqaMgnwgsgÁm . b:uEnþ eTaHbICatavkalikNamYyEdlRtUv)anpþl; maneKalbMNgeFVI skmμPaBEdlRbqaMgnwgsgÁmk¾eday k¾mankrNIxøHEdlGñkTTYltavkalikenaH RbqaMgnwgsgÁmeRcInCag GñkTamTar[sgtavkalikenaHeTAeTot . kñúgkrNIenH karbdiesFnUvkarTamTar[sgtavkalik nwgCMruj [manskmμPaBRbqaMgnwgsgÁmeTAvij . ehtudUecñH maRtaenHTTYlsÁal; b¤ minTTYlsÁal;nUvkarTamTar[sg minEmnGaRs½yelIbBaðafa etImUlehténesckþIceRmIneday\tehtuRbqaMgeTAnwgsgÁmEdr b¤ k¾y:agNaeT b:uEnþ GaRs½yeTAelIbBaðafa etIkarTamTar[sgenaHRbqaMgnwgsgÁmEdr b¤eT .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 708 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 817 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 66 énc,ab;sþIBI

179

katBVkic©rbs;RbeTssVIs

CMBUkTI 16 GMeBIGnItüanukUl ¬kMNt;¦

kñúgkrNIEdlmanGgÁehtumYy)anekIteLIg rvagPaKIEdlBMumanTMnak;TMngKtiyutþGVImYyCamun dUcCa TMnak;TMngénkic©snüa CaedIm ehIyPaKImçag ¬carI¦ )anRbRBwtþGMeBIGVImYy ¬rYmTaMgGMeBIGnItüanukUl Edl)an RbRBwtþeLIgedaycarI¦ ehIy)aneFVI[PaKImçageTot ¬CnrgeRKaH¦ TTYlkarxUcxat CMBUkTI 16 enH )anEcgfa GñkNaRtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsgsMNgénkarxUcxatcMeBaHCnrgeRKaH RtwmkRmitNa nig eRkaml½kçx½NÐNa mYy .

karTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHGMeBIGnItüanukUl RtUv)anTTYlsÁal;faCakarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsgsMNgénkar xUcxat rvagPaKIEdlBMumanTMnak;TMngKtiyutþCamun . cMeBaHsMNgénkarxUcxatedaykarminGnuvtþkic©snüa rvagPaKIénkic©snüavij manbBaØtþiepSgBIGMeBIGnItüanukUlEdlEcgGMBIkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarbBa¢ak;GMBIkMhus GMLúgeBlénGaC£ayukal CaedIm edayKitdl;lkçN³BiessénTMnak;TMngénkic©snüa dUecñHehIy tamTsSn³ Fmμta bBaØtþisþIBIGMeBIGnItüanukUl minRtUvykmkGnuvtþcMeBaHPaKIénkic©snüaeLIy ¬TsSn³minGnuBaØat[man karRbECgénsiT§iTamTar¦ . b:uEnþ enAEtmanmtimYycMnYneTotyl;eXIjfa eTaHbICamanTMnak;TMngkic©snüa k¾eday k¾bBaØtþisþIBIGMeBIGnItüanukUlGacykmkGnuvtþcMeBaHPaKIénkic©snüaenaH luHRtaEtK μanbBaðakñúgkar GnuvtþbBaØtþiNamYytamTRmg;énbBaØtþienaH ¬TsSn³GnuBaØat[mankarRbECgénsiT§iTamTar¦ . CaBiess cMeBaHkrNIEdlkic©snüaBMu)ankMNt;GMBIxøwmsarsþIBIsuvtßiPaBc,as;las;Camun dUcCa kic©snüakargar nig krNIykic©ykcitþTukdak;dl;karKitdl;suvtßiPaBénkEnøgeFVIkar b¤ kic©snüalk; nig suvtßiPaBénplitpl CaedIm karelIkykkarbMBankrNIykic©RbugRby½tñedaymanlkçN³x<s;kñúgkrNIénGMeBIGnItüanukUl nwgeFVI[ mankargayRsYlkñúgkarCYydl;CnrgeRKaH ehtudUecñH karTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHGMeBIGnItüanukUl RtUv)anGHGag cMeBaHTMnak;TMngkic©snüa .

sgÁmRbCaBlrdæ ¬sgÁmesdækic©TIpSaresrI¦ Ep¥kelIeKalkarN_mUldæanEdlmanxøwmsarfa buKÁlÉkCn mñak;² manlkçN³buKÁlÉkraCütampøÚvc,ab; mñak;²nwgeFVIskmμPaBedayeyagtamqnÞ³esrI ehIymankarTTYl xusRtUverog²xøÜn cMeBaHkarseRmctamqnÞ³rbs;xøÜnenaH . edayEp¥kelIeKalkarN_mUldæanenH KnßIepSgeTot énRkmrdæb,evNI EcgGMBIeKalkarN_énesrIPaBénlkçN³buKÁltampøÚvc,ab;; eKalkarN_énPaBdac;xatén km μsiT§irbs;buKÁlÉkCn eKalkarN_énesrIPaBkñúgkareFVIkic©snüa CaGaT× . ehtudUecñH cMeBaHkrNIEdl buKÁlNamñak;RtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsgsMNgénkarxUcxat CaedIm CaeKalkarN_ buKÁlenaHRtUvTTYlxusRtUv cMeBaHskmμPaBEdlEp¥keTAelIesckþIseRmcedayqnÞ³esrIrbs;xøÜn ehIyminRtUvTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHGMeBIrbs;

180

GñkdéTEdlminBak;B½n§nwgqnÞ³rbs;xøÜn b¤ cMeBaHerOgEdlekIteLIgedayécdnüeT . eKalkarN_enH ehAfa eKalkarN_énkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkMhus . sUmemIlmaRta 742 maRta 743 maRta 745 maRta 755 nig maRta 756 .

b:uEnþ edayemIltamTsSn³énkarkarBarCnrgeRKaH caM)ac;RtUvmanbBaØtþiBiessmYycMnYnsþIBIkarelIkElg eKalkarN_énkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkMhusenH .

TImYy KWCakarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;GñkRtYtBinitü b¤ GñkRKb;RKg . cMeBaHkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;nieyaCk CaedIm GñkRtYtBinitü nig GñkRKb;RKg ¬nieyaCk¦ TTYlplRbeyaCn_BIskmμPaBGñkepSg ¬nieyaCit¦ dUecñHehIy mankarBnül;fa nieyaCk CaGaT× RtUvTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkarxUcxatEdlekIteLIgedaysarGMeBI GnItüanukUlrbs;CnenaH ¬karTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkarxUcxatEdlekIteLIgkñúgdMeNIrkarTTYlplRbeyaCn_¦ .

GñkmankrNIykic©RtYtBinitüGsmtßCn RtUvTTYlxusRtUvnUvsMNgénkarxUcxatcMeBaHGMeBIIEdlbgá[man karxUcxatrbs;buKÁlEdlKμansmtßPaBkñúgkarxøÜnTTYlxusRtUv . müa:geTot buKÁlEdleRbIbuKÁldéT nig buKÁlEdlRtYtBinitünieyaCitCMnYsnieyaCk RtUvTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHGMeBIEdlbgá[mankarxUcxatrbs;rbs;; nieyaCit ehIynItibuKÁlRtUvTTYlxusnUvsMNgénkarxUcxatcMeBaHGMeBIEdlbgá[mankarxUcxatrbs;;GPi)al énnItibuKÁlenaH rIÉrdæ b¤ sßab½nsaFarN³ RtUvTTYlxusRtUvnUvsMNgénkarxUcxatcMeBaHGMeBIEdlbgá[man karxUcxatrbs;m®nþIraCkar . sUmemIlmaRta 746 maRta 747 maRta 748 nig maRta 749 .

TI BIr KWCakrNIBiessTTYlsÁal;nUvsMNgénkarxUcxatEdlbNþalmkBIvtßúeRKaHfñak; edayBMucaM)ac;man l½kçx½NÐkMhus .

kñúgsgÁmbc©úb,nñ haniP½yeRcInEbbeRcInya:gekIteLIgedaysarkareCOnelOnénbec©keTsviTüasa®sþ TMenIb² . tamkarCak;Esþg eRKaHfñak;éneragcRkplitGKÁisnIedayeRbIkmøaMgbrimaNU eRKaHfñak;edaysar fñaMeBTü karbgçÚcbrisßanedayCatiKImI CaedIm )anekIteLIgrYcehIy . RbsinebImanEtviFIse®gÁaHCnrgeRKaH éneRKaHfñak;EbbenH tamkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkMhusEdlmanBImun²mkenaHeTA mankrNIeRcInEdlnwgTuk ecalnUvCnrgeRKaHCaeRcInnak;Edl)anTTYlkarxUcxatcMeBaHragkay b¤ RTBüsm,tþiedayK μanCYyse®gÁaH . kñúgkrNITaMgGs;enH mankarBi)aknwgeFVIkarbBa¢ak;bgðajGMBITMnak;TMngénehtuplrvageRKaHfñak; nig lT§pl EdlekIteLIg tampøÚvbec©keTs b¤ viC¢aeBTü ehIymanCnrgeRKaHeRcInnak; nig sm,ÚrEbb RBmTaMgTwkR)ak; énkarxUcxatmancMnYnd¾mhima CaGaT× EdlTuknUvbBaðaCaeRcInFMhYsehtu elIsBIkarse®gÁaHCnrgeRKaHtampøÚv bNþwgrdæb,evNIFmμta . enAbNþaRbeTseCOnelOnCaeRcIn eK)anCECkKñaGMBIrbbsMNgcMeBaHCnrgeRKaH eRkamkarTTYlxusRtUvf μIcMeBaHeRKaHfñak;TaMgenH rYmTaMgkareFVIkMENTRmg;RbB½n§vinicä½yerOgkþIrdæb,evNI b:uEnþ enAEtBMuTan;rkdMeNaHRsay)anenAeLIy . dUecñHehIy kñúgRkmrdæb,evNIkm<úCaenH )anEcgGMBIkarTTYlxus

181

RtUvrbs;Gñkkan;kab;stV karTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHsMNg;EdlCab;nwgelIdI GMeBIGnItüanukUlrYm EdlRtUv)anTTYl sÁal;tamTMenomTmøab; ehIyeRkABIenH )anbBa©ÚlnUvbBaØtþiGMBIkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHplitplrbs;Gñkplitvtßú nig karTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHvtßúeRKaHfñak; EdlCakarTTYlxusRtUvfμ IedayBMucaM)ac;manl½kçx½NÐénkMhus . sUm emIlmaRta 750 maRta 753 maRta 754 maRta 751 nig maRta 752 .

siT§i nig plRbeyaCn_ EdlRtUv)anbMBanedayGMeBIGnItüanukUl maneRcInRbePTdUcCaRTBüsm,tþi GayuCIvit ragkay siT§ibuKÁl CaedIm b:uEnþ siT§i nig plRbeyaCn_TaMgenHRtUv)anEbk)ak; b¤ )at;bg; edaysarGMeBIbMBan ehtuenHehIy karTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHGMeBIGnItüanukUlenaH CaeKalkarN_ RtUvsgCaR)ak; . sUmemIlmaRta 757 .

RbePTénkarxUcxatEdlRtUvsg manminRtwmEtkarxUcxatRTBüsm,tþib:ueNÑaHeT KWmanTaMgkarxUcxatEdl minEmnCaRTBüsm,tþi dUcCakarQWcab;xagpøÚvcitþ b¤ karcuHfynUvkarvaytémøkñúgsgÁm CaedIm pgEdr . sUmemIlmaRta 744 . cMeBaHkarKNnacMnYnTwkR)ak;énkarxUcxatEdlminEmnCaRTBüsm,tþi sUmemIl kfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRta 758 .

cMeBaHbBaðafa etIGaceFVIkarTamTarEdlmanxøwmsarGVIxøH eBleFVIkarTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxat bBaØtþi cab;BImaRta 757 dl;maRta 762 EcgGMBIbBaðaenH . müa:geTot maRta 763 CabBaØtþikat;bnßynUv cMnYnTwkR)ak;énplRbeyaCn_ kñúgkrNIEdlCnrgeRKaH)anTTYlplRbeyaCn_BIGMeBIGnItüanukUl)an . rIÉ maRta 764 Ecgfa RbsinebICnrgeRKaH)anrYmcMENkkñúgkarekIteLIg b¤ rIkraldalénkarxUcxat tulakarGacKitBicarNaGMBIkarN_enH enAeBlKNnacMnYnTwkR)ak;énsMNgénkarxUcxat .

maRta 765 KWCabBaØtþiEcgGMBIGaC£ayukalénkarrMlt;siT§i .

maRta 742>- niymn½yénkMhusectna nig Gectna enAkñúgCMBUkTI 16 ¬GMeBIGnItüanukUl¦ enH GMeBIedaymankMhusectna b¤

Gectna sMedAeTAelI GMeBIEdlRtUvnwgcMNucNamYyxageRkamenH ³ k-eFVIGMeBIbMBanedayBüakrTukCamunGMBIkarekIteLIgénlT§pl ehIy

edayTTYlykkarekIteLIgénlT§plenaH . x-eFVIGMeBIEdl ebItamRbRktI buKÁlEdlmanzan³énkargar b¤ bT

BiesaFn_esμIKñanwgGñkeFVIGMeBIenaH GacBüakrTukCamunGMBIkarekIteLIgénlT§pl

k¾eday k¾GñkeFVIGMeBIenaHenAEtBMu)anBüakrTukCamunGMBIkarekIteLIgénlT§pl

182

enaH edaysarkareFVsRbEhsminRbugRby½tñ ehIyeTaHCamankrNIykic© eCosvagnUvlT§plenaHk¾eday k¾enAEtRbRBwtþpÞúynwgkrNIykic©enaH .

¬kMNt;¦ cMNuc k KWCaniymn½yénkMhusectna . bBaØtþienHTamTar[mankarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHqnÞ³EdlBüakrnUv

karekIteLIgénlT§pl nig yl;RBm[lT§plenaHekIteLIg . cMNuc x KWCaniymn½yénkMhusGectna . bBaØtþienHminykqnÞ³xagpøÚvcitþrbs;samIxøÜneT . pÞúyeTAvij kñúgkrNIEdlbuKÁlNamñak;Edlmanzan³ kñúgsgÁmdUcGñkRbRBwtþGMeBIenaH GacBüakr)anGMBIkarekIteLIgénlT§pl tamRbRktI ehIyGñkRbRBwtþGMeBIenaH mankrNIykic©eCosvaglT§plenaH Etmin)aneCosvag[putBIlT§plenaHeT GñkRbRBwtþGMeBIenaHRtUv)ancat; Tukfa mankMhus . cMeBaHkMhusenH minEmnykqnÞ³xagpøÚvcitþ ¬PaBGacBüakr)an¦ rbs;samIxøÜn GñkRbRBwtþGMeBIenaHmkeRbIeT KW)anykTsSn³énqnÞ³RbRktI ]TahrN_dUcCabuKÁlEdlmankargardUcKñanwg GñkRbRBwtþGMeBIenaH mkeRbIenH edIm,ICYyse®gÁaHCnrgeRKaHedayl½kçx½NÐCak;EsþgtamkarEdlGaceFVIeTA)an edayminykl½kçx½NÐxagpøÚvcitþrbs;GñkRbRBwtþGMeBI EdlmankarBi)akkñúgkarbBa¢ak;bgðajmkeRbIeT . l½kçx½NÐ énsMNgénkarxUcxatrdæb,evNI KW {kMhusectna b¤ kMhusGectna} Edl)ankMNt;kñúgmaRta 743 ehtuenHehIy edImecaT ¬= CnrgeRKaH¦ BMucaM)ac;eFVIkarEbgEckfa etIqnÞ³rbs;GñkeFVIGMeBIenaH CakMhus ectna b¤ CakMhusGectnaeT . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 8 A nig maRta 281 én {karbBa¢ak;eLIgvijGMBIGMeBIGnItüanukUl ¬Restatement of Torts¦} elIkTI 2 rbs;shrdæGaemrik

maRta 743>- l½kçx½NÐ nig karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarbBa¢ak;bgðajénGMeBIGnItüa-nukUlTUeTA

1-buKÁlEdlbMBanedayxusc,ab;nUvsiT§i b¤ plRbeyaCn_rbs;CndéT

edaykMhusectna b¤ edaykMhusGectna RtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsgkarxUcxat

EdlekIteLIgedayGMeBIenaH . 2-bBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr cMeBaH

krNIEdlkarxUcxat)anekIteLIg edaysarmankrNIykic©eFVIGMeBINamYy Etmin

)aneFVIGMeBIenaH .

183

3-cMeBaHkMhusectna b¤ kMhusGectnarbs;carIenH TMnak;TMngénehtu plrvagGMeBIrbs;GñkRbRBwtþGMeBIbMBan nig karekIteLIgénkarxUcxat nig karxUc

xatEdlekItmaneLIgelICnrgeRKaH buKÁlEdlTamTarsMNgkarxUcxatenaH RtUv bBa¢ak;bgðaj elIkElgEtmanbBaØtþiBiessenAkñúgRkmenH b¤ c,ab;epSgeTot .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenH CabBaØtþiEcgsþIBIeKalkarN_énkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkMhus . sþIBIeKalkarN_énkarTTYlxus

RtUvcMeBaHkMhusenH sUmemIlkMNt;dMbUgénCMBUkenH . kfaxNÐTI 2 )anEcgGMBIkrNIEdlkarxUcxatekIteLIg edaysarGñkEdlmankrNIykic©RtUveFVIGMeBIGVImYy min)aneFVIGMeBIenaH . ]TahrN_ manGñkCm¶Wmñak;dYledk enApøÚvcUleTAsßanIyrfePøIg ehIyRbsinebIGñkeFVIdMeNIrtampøÚvenaH minCYyse®gÁaHGñkCm¶WenaHeT eTaHbICaGñk eFVIdMeNIrenaHnwgGacTTYlnUvkarTietonBIsgÁmk¾eday k¾GñkenaHKminmankarTTYlxusRtUv kñúgkarsgsMNg énkarxUcxateT edaysarBMumankrNIykic©CYyse®gÁaHtampøÚvc,ab;eT . b:uEnþ RbsinebIGñkyamsßanIyrfePøIg minCYyse®gÁaHGñkCm¶WeT GñkyamenaHnwgRtUvTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHGMeBIGnItüanukUlenH .

kfaxNÐTI 3 )anEcgfa edImecaTEdlCaPaKIxagCnrgeRKaHenaH RtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarbBa¢ak; kñúgkrNI EdlTamTarnUvsMNgénkarxUcxat . enHKWxusBIkarTTYlxusRtUvtamkic©snüa kñúgkrNIénkarTTYlxusRtUv cMeBaHGMeBIGnItüanukUl PaKeRcInrvagPaKI BMumanTMnak;TMngGVICamYyKñaCamuneT ehtuenHehIy PaKIedImecaT RtUverobcMÉksarTaMgGs;edIm,Idak;BakübNþwg ebImindUecñHeT KWdUcCakarvayqμk;cugcemøIyeTAvij dUecñHehIy CaeKalkarN_ PaKIedImecaTRtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarbBa¢ak;TaMgRsug . b:uEnþ kñúgsgÁmsBVéf¶enH mankar vivDÆn_énbec©keTsviTüasa®sþkan;EtelOn EtpÞúyeTAvij man)atuPUtEdlminc,as;las;tampøÚvviTüasa®sþ ekInkan;EteRcIneLIg² ehIycMeBaHTMnak;TMngrvagehtu nig plxagviC¢aeBTü b¤ karBüakrGMBIlT§plEdl ekIteLIg edaysardMeNIrkarénshRKas CaedIm ebI[PaKIxagCnrgeRKaHTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarbBa¢ak; nUvbBaðaTaMgenH BMumansmFm’eLIy . elIsBIenH cMeBaHkrNIxøH RbsinebIminykeKalkarN_énkarTTYl xusRtUvcMeBaHkMhusmkeRbI KμanPaBRtwmRtUveT ehtuenHehIy)anCamanc,ab;BiesssRmab;krNIenH . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 709 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1382 nig maRta 1383 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 823 nig maRta 826 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 41 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©sVis

maRta 744>- sMNgénkarxUcxatEdlminEmnCaRTBüsm,tþi

184

buKÁlEdlTTYlxusRtUvtambBaØtþiénmaRta 743 ¬l½kçx½NÐ nig karTTYl

xusRtUvkñúgkarbBa¢ak;bgðajénGMeBIGnItüanukUlTUeTA¦ xagelIenH RtUvsgkarxUc

xatcMeBaHGVIEdlminEmnCaRTBüsm,tþipgEdr .

¬kMNt;¦ karxUcxateRkABIRTBüsm,tþi manrYmTaMgkarxUcxatedaysarkarQWcab;xagpøÚvcitþ karGab;»nkitþiys

kñúgsgÁm CaGaT× . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 710 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1382 nig maRta 1383 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 847 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 47 nig maRta 49 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©sVis

maRta 745>- GsmtßPaBkñúgkarTTYlxusRtUv 1-CnEdlmanGayueRkam 14 ¬db;bYn¦ qñaM minRtUvTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaH

GMeBIGnItüanukUleT . 2-buKÁlEdlsßitkñúgsßanPaBEdlminGacyl;dwg nig vinicä½y)anGMBIkar

TTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHGMeBIrbs;xøÜn enAeBlEdlxøÜn)anRbRBwtþGMeBIbMBanenaH eday

sarmanvibtþiEpñkbBaØasμartI b¤ mUlehtuepSgeTot minRtUvTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHGMeBI GnItüanukUleLIy . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy cMeBaHkrNIEdl

sßanPaBenaHbNþalmk edaykMhusectna b¤ edaykMhusGectna .

¬kMNt;¦ enAeRkameKalkarN_énkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHqnÞ³ buKÁlEdlmankarxVHxatnUvsmtßPaBkñúgkarvinicä½yqnÞ³

b¤ mansmtßPaBkñúgkarvinicä½yqnÞ³minRKb;RKan; edaysarGayu b¤ edaysarmanbBaðaxagstiGarmμN_ b¤ min[mankarTTYlxusRtUvnUvsMNgénkarxUcxateLIy . müa:geTot CnEdlmansmtßPaBxagqnÞ³ Et)anFøak; kñúgsßanPaBénGsmtßPaBxagqnÞ³edaysarqnÞ³rbs;xøÜnenaH ehIy)anRbRBwtþGMeBIGnItüanukUl CnenaHRtUv TTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkrNIenH . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 712 nig maRta 713 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 827 maRta 828 nig maRta 829

185

énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 53 nig maRta 54 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©sVis

maRta 746>- karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;GñkmankrNIykic©RtYtBinitü 1-buKÁlEdlmankrNIykic©Edl)ankMNt;edayc,ab;kñúgkarRtYtBinitü

GnItiCnGayueRkam 14 ¬db;bYn¦ qñaM b¤ buKÁlEdlsßitkñúgsßanPaBEdlminGac

yl;dwg nig vinicä½y)anGMBIkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHGMeBIrbs;xøÜn edaysarman

vibtþiEpñkbBaØasμartI b¤ mUlehtuepSgeTot mankrNIykic©RtUvsgkarxUcxatrbs; GñkdéT EdlekIteLIg edayGMeBIbMBanrbs;buKÁlenAeRkamkarRtYtBinitürbs;xøÜn

enH . 2-buKÁlEdlmankrNIykic©Edl)ankMNt;edayc,ab;kñúgkarRtYtBinitü

GnItiCnGayucab;BI 14 ¬db;bYn¦ qñaM eLIgeTA RtUvTTYlxusRtUvedaysamKÁIPaBCa mYyGnItiCn cMeBaHkarxUcxatrbs;GñkdéTEdlekIteLIg edayGMeBIGnItüanukUl

rbs;GnItiCnenaH . 3-buKÁlEdlmankrNIykic©RtYtBinitüEdlTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsgkar

xUcxat tambBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 2 xagelIenH GacrYcxøÜnBIkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkar sgkarxUcxat)an edaybBa¢ak;bgðajfa xøÜn)anbMeBjkrNIykic©RtYtBinitüCa RbRktI .

¬kMNt;¦ GñkmankrNIykic©RtYtBinitüGñkGsmtßPaBkñúgkarTTYlxusRtUv RtUvTTYlxusRtUvnUvsMNgénkarxUcxat

CMnYsGñkGsmtßPaBEdlminTTYlxusRtUvedayEp¥kelImaRta 745 . eTaHbICaGñkRtYtBinitüsamIxøÜnKμankMhus k¾eday k¾GñkenaHRtUvTTYlxusRtUvEdr . kfaxNÐTI 3 )anEcgfa kñúgkrNIEdlGñkmankrNIykic©RtYtBinitü cMeBaHGnItiCnEdlmanGayuBI 14 qñaMeLIgeTA RtUvTTYlxusRtUvedaysamKÁIPaBCamYynwgGnItiCn edayeyag tamkfaxNÐTI 2 GñkenaHGacrYcputBIkarTTYlxusRtUvenaH)an RbsinebI)anbBa¢ak;bgðajfa xøÜn)anbMeBj krNIykic©RtYtBinitüCaRbRktI . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 714 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1384 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 832 énRkmrdæb,evNI

186

GaløWm:g;/ maRta 333 énRkmrdæb,evNIsVis

maRta 747>- karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;nieyaCk 1-buKÁlEdleRbInieyaCitedIm,IGnuvtþkic©kar RtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsg

karxUcxat EdlnieyaCit)anbgádl;GñkdéTedayxusc,ab; edaykMhusectna b¤ edaykMhusGectna enAkñúgkarGnuvtþkic©karenaH .

2-buKÁlEdlsßitkñúgzan³RtUvRtYtBinitünieyaCitCMnYsnieyaCk RtUvTTYl

xusRtUvdUcKñanwgnieyaCkEdr . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy cMeBaH krNIEdlbuKÁlenaH)anRtYtBinitüedayRtwmRtUv .

3-nieyaCk b¤ GñkRtYtBinitüCMnYs GacTamTarsMNgBInieyaCit)an

edayeyageTAtamkRmiténkMhus rbs;nieyaCitenaH .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;nieyaCk . nieyaCk CaGñkeRbInieyaCit[BRgIkskm μPaB edIm,Irk

plcMeNj[xøÜn ehtuenHehIy cMeBaHGMeBIGnItüanukUlEdlbgáeLIgedaynieyaCit {kñúgkarGnuvtþkic©kar} nieyaCkRtUvTTYlxusRtUvCMnYsnieyaCit . maRtaenHRtUv)anbBaØtþeLIgtamRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg edaydak; bnÞúk[nieyaCkTTYlxusRtUvnUvGMeBIGnItüanukUlEdl)aneFVIeLIgedaynieyaCit RbsinebIGMeBIenaHRtUvbMeBj l½kçx½NÐénGMeBIGnItüanukUl eTaHbICanieyaCkenaHK μankMhusk¾eday . karTTYlxusRtUvenHKWCakarTTYl xusRtUveday])aeTskmμ . pÞúyeTAvij tamRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg b¤ Rkmrdæb,evNICb:un RbsinebInieyaCkGac bBa¢ak;bgðajfa xøÜnBMumankMhuskñúgkareRCIstaMg nig RtYtBinitüneyaCiteT nieyaCkenaHnwgGacrYcputBI karTTYlxusRtUvenaH)an . k¾b:uEnþ edaysarEtcaM)ac;RtUvse®gÁaHGñkrgeRKaH BMusUvmanyutþisa®sþEdl)an GnueRKaH[nieyaCkrYcputBIkarTTYlxusRtUveT . ehIymUlehtuénkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;nieyaCk RtUv)an Bnül;faCakarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkarTTYlpl ¬GñkEdlTTYlplRbeyaCn_ RtUvTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkarxUcxat pgEdr¦ b¤ karTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHhaniP½y ¬karTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkarnaMmknUvhaniP½ydl;sgÁm kñúgkareFVI skmμPaBrbs;shRKas¦ .

cMeBaHl½kçx½NÐénkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;nieyaCk manvivaTRtg;cMNucfa etIskm μPaBGVIxøH RtUvnwg {karGnuvtþ kic©kar} . enAkñúgyutþisa®sþrbs;Cb:un ]TahrN_ kñúgkrNIEdlGñkEdltamkarBitBMuEmnCaKNenyükreT EtemIlPinPaKBIeRkAeTA dUcCaKNenyükr ehIy)anTTYlR)ak; edayBnül;fa TTYlR)ak;enaHedIm,IRkumh‘un

187

ehIy)anykR)ak;enaHdak;ehae)A:xøÜnÉgeTAvij b¤ krNIEdl)anykLanrbs;Rkumh‘uneTAeRbIedayK μankar GnuBaØat ehIy)anbgá[maneRKaHfñak; tulakarTTYlsÁal;faCakarGnuvtþkic©karedayemIltam {PinPaKxag eRkA} Edr . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 715 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ kfaxNÐTI 5 maRta 1384 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 831 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 55 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©sVis

maRta 748>- GMeBIGnItüanukUlrbs;nItibuKÁl 1-nItibuKÁlRtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsgkarxUcxat EdlGPi)al b¤ GñktMNag

ÉeTot )anbgádl;GñkdéTedayxusc,ab; edaykMhusectna b¤ edaykMhusGectna kñúgkarGnuvtþParkic© .10

2-ebI)ansgkarxUcxattambBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH nItibuKÁlGac

TamTarsMNgBIGñktMNagEdl)anRbRBwtþGMeBIbgákarxUcxatenaH .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;nItibuKÁl eday])aeTskmμ cMeBaHGPi)al b¤ GñktMNagepSgeTot

énnItibuKÁl .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ maRta 44 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1382 nig maRta 1384 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 31

énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 55 énRkmrdæb,evNIsVis

maRta 749>- GMeBIGnItüanukUlrbs;m®nþIraCkar 1-ebIm®nþIraCkarEdlTTYlkarGnuvtþnUvGMNacsaFarN³rbs;rdæ b¤ sßab½n

saFarN³ )anbgákarxUcxatdl;GñkdéTedayxusc,ab; edaykMhusectna b¤ edaykMhusGectna kñúgkarGnuvtþParkic©rbs;xøÜnenaH rdæ b¤ sßab½nsaFarN³ RtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsgkarxUcxatenaH .

10 kfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRta 748 enH RtUv)aneFVIviesaFnkmμedayc,ab;sþIBIkarGnuvtþRkmrdæb,evNI .

188

2-kñúgkrNIEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH ebIkRmiténkar bMBankrNIykic©rbs;m®nþIraCkar kñúgkareCosvagnUvlT§pl manPaBF¶n;F¶r rdæ b¤ sßab½nsaFarN³GacTamTarsMNgBIm®nþIraCkarenaH)an .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;rdæ b¤ sßab½nsaFarN³ eday])aeTskmμ cMeBaHm®nþIraCkar .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ maRta 1 énc,ab;sþIBIsMNgénkarxUcxatedayrdærbs;Cb:un/ maRta 839 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta

34 énc,ab;mUldæan ¬Grundgesetz¦rbs;GaløWm:g;

maRta 750>- karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;Gñkkan;kab;stV buKÁlEdlkan;kab;stV RtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsgkarxUcxatEdlekIteLIg

dl;GñkdéT edaystVEdlxøÜnkan;kab; .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIkarTTYlxusRtUvedayKμankMhusrbs;Gñkkan;kab;stV . enAkñúgenH BMumankarGnueRKaH[

rYcputBIkarTTYlxusRtUveT edayeyagtamRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg . maRtaenHKWCa]TahrN_énkarTTYlxusRtUv cMeBaHvtßúEdlmaneRKaHfñak; . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 718 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1385 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 833 nig maRta 834 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 56 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©sVis

maRta 751>- karTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHplitplrbs;Gñkplitvtßú 1-kñúgkrNIEdlmanvikar³naM[maneRKaHfñak;minsmehtuplkñúgclnvtßú

EdlRtUv)anplit ehIy)anbNþal [mankarxUcxatdl;GñkdéTedayvikar³enaH plitkrénclnvtßúenaHRtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsgnUvkarxUcxatenaH . b:uEnþ bBaØtþi enHminRtUvGnuvtþeLIy cMeBaHkrNIEdlminGacRbmaNnUvvikar³enaH tamkRmit

viTüasa®sþ énbec©keTs EdlmanenAsm½yEdlplitenaH .

189

2-GñkEdlplitclnvtßúEdlpSMedayeRKOg b¤ vtßúFatuedImEdlmanvikar³ RtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsgnUvkarxUcxat kñúgnamCaplitkrpgEdr .

3-kñúgxøwmsarénmaRtaenH cMeBaHclnvtßúEdlnaMcUl GñknaMcUlRtUvcat;Tuk

faCaplitkr . 4-kñúgxøwmsarénmaRtaenH buKÁlEdl)andak;sBaØaNénnamkrN_rbs;xøÜn

Caplitkr b¤ Gñklk; enAelIclnvtßú RtUvcat;TukfaCaplitkrénclnvtßúenaH .

¬kMNt;¦ karTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHplitplrbs;Gñkplitvtßú KWCaRTwsþIc,ab;énkarTTYlxusRtUvtwgruwgmYyEdlRtUv

)anGPivDÄ tamry³yutþisa®sþrbs;Gaemrik BITsvtSr_ 1960 mk . edaysarplitplrfynþ CaedIm mancMnYneRcIn ehIykñúgdMeNIrkarénkarplit plitplRtUv)anplitminRtwmRtUvRbkbedayeRKaHfñak; nig RtUv)anCYjdUrenATIpSar mankrNIEdlGtifiCnCaeRcIn)anTTYlrgeRKaHdl;pøÚvkay ehtuenHehIy)anCa c,ab;sþIBIkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHplitpledayGñkplitvtßú RtUv)anbegáIteLIg edIm,I[mankarTTYlxusRtUv nUvsMNgénkarxUcxatedayGñkplit b¤ edayGñklk; edayykvikar³énplitplmkeFVICal½kçx½NÐén karTTYlxusRtUv CMnYskarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkMhusEdlmanBImunmk . eRkaymk RkumRbwkSaKN³rdæm®nþIén shKmn_GWr:ub ¬EC sBVéf¶enH EU¦ k¾)anecjbBa¢a[begáItc,ab;sþIBIkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHplitpl ehIybNþaRbeTsGWur:ub b¤ RbeTsCb:un CaGaT× )anbegáItc,ab;BiesssþIBIkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHplitpl CabnþbnÞab; .

km μvtßúénkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHplitpledayGñkplit KWCaclnvtßúEdlRtUv)anplit . ehtudUecñH bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþcMeBaHGclnvtßúeLIy . cMeBaHclnvtßúEdlmin)anEkécñeT dUcCaRtIEdlsÞÚc)an k¾minGnuvtþtammaRtaenHEdr . kñúgmaRtaenH manelIkeLIgnUv {vikar³EdlnaM[maneRKaHfñak;minsmehtusm pl} EdlCal½kçx½NÐénkarTTYlxusRtUv . cMeBaHvikar³vij BMumanniymn½yBiesskñúgenHeT KWTuk[eFVIkar bkRsayeTAvij . b:uEnþ sUmCUnCaKMniteTAvij KW maRta 2 énc,ab;sþIBIkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHplitpl rbs;Cb:un [niymn½yfa {vikar³ sMedAeTAelIkgVHnUvsuvtßiPaBEdlcaM)ac;RtUvmanCaFmμtasRmab;plitpl Edl)anpliteLIg edayKitBicarNanUvlkçN³BiessénplitplenaH viFIeRbIplitplenaHEdlGacRtUv)an Büakr)an eBlevlaEdlGñkplitvtßúenaH CaGaT× )anRbKl;plitplenaH nig sßanPaBepSg²Edl Bak;B½n§nwgplitplenaH} . müa:geTot edayemIltamc,ab;rbs;bNþaRbeTsnana maRtaenHk¾GnueRKaH[ GñkplitrYcputBIkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHplitplEdr kñúgkrNIEdlmin)anyl;dwgCamunnUvvikar³énvtßúenaH

190

edayviTüasa®sþEdlmannaeBlplitvtßúenaH ¬= siT§itva:cMeBaHeRKaHfñak;énkarGPivDÄn_¦ . GñkEdlRtUvTTYl xusRtUvcMeBaHplitpl KWCaGñkplit . minRtwmEtGñkplitvtßúcugeRkayeT EdlTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHvtßúenaH KWmanrYmTaMgGñkpliteRKOg b¤ sarFatuEdlmanvikar³pgEdrEdlRtUvTTYlxusRtUv ¬kfaxNÐTI 2¦ . CaeKalkarN_ Gñklk;BMumankarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHplitpleLIy ehIycMNucenHxusBIyutþisa®sþrbs;Gaemrik b:uEnþ mankrNIelIkElgEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 3 nig kfaxNÐTI 4 . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 2 maRta 3 nig maRta 4 énc,ab;sþIBIkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHplitplrbs;Cb:un/ maRta 1386-1 cMNucTI 4 kfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRta 1386-11 nig maRta 1386-6 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 1 nig maRta 4 énc,ab;sþIBIkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHplitplrbs;GaløWm:g;/ maRta 1 maRta 5 maRta 14 nig maRta 20 énc,ab;sþIBIkarTTYlxusRtUv én {karbBa¢ak;eLIgvijGMBIGMeBIGnItüanukUl ¬Restatement of Torts¦} elIkTI 3 rbs;shrdæGaemrik

maRta 752>- karTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHvtßúeRKaHfñak; buKÁlCakm μsiT§ikr b¤ GñkRKb;RKgrfynþ eRKOgcRksRmab;dwkCBa¢ÚnepSg

eTot eRKOgpÞúH vtßúFatuviTüúskm μ vtßúFatuKImIEdlmanCatiBul GtisuxumR)aN]t,at

b¤ eRKOgEdlmankRmiteRKaHfñak;x<s;epSgeTot RtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsgkar xUcxatEdlbgádl;GñkdéT edaysarvtßúeRKaHfñak;EdlxøÜnmankm μsiT§i b¤ RKb;RKg .

b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy cMeBaHkrNIEdlkarxUcxatenaHekItman

eLIgbNþalmkBIRbFanskþi b¤ krNIEdlkarRKb;RKgvtßúeRKaHfñak;K μanvikar³ ehIykarxUcxat)anekIteLIg edaysarGMeBIrbs;CnrgeRKaH b¤ ttiyCn .

¬kMNt;¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHvtßúEdlmaneRKaHfñak;rbs;buKÁlEdlCakm μsiT§ikr b¤ GñkRKb;RKg

rfynþ b¤ vtßúEdlmaneRKaHfñak;epSgeTot . km μvtßúénmaRtaenH manrYmTaMg vtßú {EdlmankRmiteRKaHfñak;x<s; epSgeTot} ehtuenHehIy KWmanPaBTUlMTUlayNas; . l½kçx½NÐénkarTTYlxusRtUv mintRmUv[mankMhuseT b:uEnþ ¬1¦ kñúgkrNIEdlmankarxUcxatedayRbFanskþi b¤ ¬2¦ kñúgkrNIEdlBMumanvikar³kñúgkarRKb;RKg ehIykarxUcxat)anekIteLIgedayCnrgeRKaH b¤ edayttiyCn m©as;vtßú b¤ GñkRKb;RKgvtßúenaH GacrYcput BIkarTTYlxusRtUv)an .

191

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ maRta 3 énc,ab;sþIBIkarFanara:b;rgsMNgénkarxUcxatrfynþrbs;Cb:un/ maRta 109 énc,ab;sþIBIEr:Cb:un/

maRta 3 énc,ab;sþIBIsMNgénkarxUcxatedaykareRbIfamBlbrimaNUrbs;Cb:un/ maRta 25 énc,ab;sþIBIkar karBarkarbMBulGakasrbs;Cb:un/ maRta 19 énc,ab;sþIBIkarkarBarkarbgçÚcKuNPaBTwkrbs;Cb:un

maRta 753>- karTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHsMNg;EdlCab;nwgdI 1-kñúgkrNIEdlkarsagsg;sMNg;EdlCab;nwgdI b¤ karRKb;RKgsMNg;

enaH manvikar³ ehIy)anbNþal[mankarxUcxatdl;GñkdéT GñkRKb;RKgsMNg; nig km μsiT§ikrénsMNg;enaHRtUvTTYlxusRtUvedaysamKÁIPaB kñúgkarsgkarxUc

xatenaH . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlGñkRKb;RKg)anbBa¢ak;fa xøÜn)anRKb;RKgeday

RtwmRtUv GñkRKb;RKgenaHGacrYcputBIkarTTYlxusRtUv)an . 2-bnÞúkrbs;km μsiT§ikrénsMNg;EdlCab;nwgdI nig GñkRKb;RKgsMNg;enaH

RtUvkMNt;eTAtamkRmiténkarbgá[manvikar³ énkarsagsg; b¤ karRKb;RKg .

¬kMNt;¦ karTTYlxusRtUvedayKμankMhusrbs;kmμsiT§ikr nig GñkRKb;RKgsMNg;EdlCab;nwgdI Edlmanvikar³kñúgkar

sagsg; b¤ karRKb;RKg KWCakarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHvtßúEdlmaneRKaHfñak;mYyEdlmanBIyUrNas;mkehIy . Rkmrdæb,evNI)araMg nig Rkmrdæb,evNICb:un k¾dUcmaRtaenHEdr minTTYlsÁal;nUvmUlehtusRmab;karrYcput BIkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;m©as;sMNg;eT . b:uEnþ cMeBaHGñkRKb;RKg ¬Gñkkan;kab;¦ vij RbsinebIGñkenaHGac bBa¢ak;nUvkarRKb;RKgRtwmRtUv)an GñkenaHGacrYcputBIkarTTYlxusRtUvenH)an . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 717 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ kfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRta 1384 nig maRta 1386 énRkmrdæb,evNI )araMg/ maRta 836 maRta 837 nig maRta 838 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 58 nig maRta 59 én c,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©sVis

maRta 754>- GMeBIGnItüanukUlrYm 1-ebIkarxUcxat)anekIteLIg edaysarGMeBIrbs;buKÁleRcInnak;rYmKña Gñk

RbRBwtþGMMeBIbMBannImYy²RtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsgkarxUcxatedaysamKÁIPaB .

192

2-kñúgkrNIEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH RbsinebIGñk

RbRBwtþGMMeBIbMBannImYy²)anbBa¢ak;GMBIPaKénGMeBIEdlxøÜn)anbgá[mankarxUcxat

CnenaHRtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsgkarxUcxat tamsmamaRténPaKEdlxøÜn)an

bgá . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy cMeBaHkrNIEdlTTYlsÁal;fa mankarsmKMnit b¤ manTMnak;TMngshkarya:gCitsñiT§kñúgcMeNamGñkRbRBwtþGMMeBI bMBan .

3-ebICnmñak;kñúgcMeNamGñkRbRBwtþGMeBIGnItüanukUlrYm )ansgkarxUcxat

TaMgGs; edayecjcMNayrbs;xøÜn CnenaHGacTamTarsMNgBIGñkepSgeTot

EdlRbRBwtþGMeBIGnItüanukUlrYmenaH)an tamsmamaRténPaKEdlCnmñak;²)an

bgá .

¬kMNt;¦ CIvPaBkñúgsgÁmkan;Etmankars μ úKsμajeTA² ehIykan;EtmankRmitx<s;eTA² ehtuenHehIy mankrNICa

eRcInEdlkarxUcxatekIteLIgedaysarbuKÁleRcInnak; ¬karxUcxatedaysarmUlehtucRmuH¦ . krNIEdl RbCaCnEdlrs;enACMuvij xUcsuxPaBedaysarkarbMBulFatuGakas EdlbegáIteLIgedayRbPBeRcIn dUcCa eragcRk CaGaT× KWCa]TahrN_mYyEdr . kñúgkrNIenH mankarBi)aknwgkMNt;GñkEdlbegáItbBaðaenaHNas; . dUecñHehIy maRtaenHmaneKalbMNgCYyse®gÁaHGñkrgeRKaH edaybnßynUvPaBBi)akkñúgkarbBa¢ak;rbs;Cn rgeRKaH tamry³karcat;Tuk b¤ karsn μtnUvTMnak;TMngehtu nig pl rvagGñkeFVIGMeBIrYmTaMgGs; nig karxUcxat Edl)anekIteLIgedayykPaBrYmKña ¬Bak;B½n§Kña¦ mkeFVICal½kçx½NÐ .

kñúgkrNIEdlmanTMnak;TMngrYmCitsñiT§ dUcCakarsmKMnitKña CaedIm rvagGñkeFVIGMeBIGnItüanukUlrYm eRcInnak; GñkRbRBwtþGMMeBIbMBannImYy²RtUvTTYlxusRtUvnUvsMNgénkarxUcxatTaMgGs;edaysamKÁIPaB . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlTMnak;TMngminsUvCitsñiT§dUckarsmKMniteT RbsinebIcarImñak;²)anbBa¢ak;GMBIPaKénGMeBIEdlxøÜn )anbgá[mankarxUcxat carIenaHGacTTYlbnÞúkEtcMnYnTwkR)ak;énsMNg tamsmamaRténPaKenaHb:ueNÑaH)an . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 719 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 830 nig maRta 840 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 50 nig maRta 51 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©sVis

maRta 755>- niymn½yénkarkarBarCaFm μanurUb nig sßanPaBcaM)ac;

193

1-GMeBIkarBarCaFmμanurUb sMedAeTAelIGMeBIrMelaPEdlBMuGaceCosvag)an

edIm,IkarBarrUbragkay b¤ RTBüsm,tþirbs;xøÜn b¤ GñkdéT cMeBaHGMeBIbMBanminRtwm

RtUv ehIyEdlsßitkñúgkrNIEdleBlevlaénGMeBIbMBan nig GMeBIrMelaPenaH sßit

CitKña nig mantulüPaBrvagviFIkarBarnigkRmiténGMeBIbMBanenaH . 2-GMeBIedaysarsßanPaBcaM)ac; sMedAeTAelIGMeBIrMelaPEdlBMuGaceCos

vag)an edIm,IkarBarrUbragkay b¤ RTBüsm,tþirbs;xøÜn b¤ GñkdéT cMeBaHeRKaHfñak; bc©úb,nñ b¤ Gc©asnñ ehIyEdlsßitkñúgkrNImantulüPaB rvagviFIkarBar nig kRmit

eRKaHfñak;enaH .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ maRta 720 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 227 nig maRta 228 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 52

énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©sVis

maRta 756>- mUlehtuénkarrYcputBIPaBpÞúyc,ab; 1-GñkRbRBwtþGMeBIbMBanRtUvrYcputBIkarTTYlxusRtUv kñúgkrNIEdlmankar

yl;RBm b¤ karTTYlykeRKaHfñak; BIsMNak;GñkrgeRKaH . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHminRtUv ykmkGnuvtþeLIy cMeBaHkrNIEdlkaryl;RBm b¤ karTTYlykeRKaHfñak;enaH minRtUv)ansgÁmTTYlsÁal;fasmehtupl .

2-cMeBaHkarxUcxatEdlekItmaneLIgedaysarGMeBIkarBarCaFm μanurUb b¤ GMeBIedaysarsßanPaBcaM)ac; GñkEdl)anRbRBwtþGMeBIkarBar b¤ GMeBIedaysar sßanPaBcaM)ac; BMuRtUvTTYlxusRtUveLIy . kñúgkrNIenH buKÁlEdl)anRbRBwtþGMeBI pÞúyc,ab;EdlCamUlehtuénGMeBIenaH RtUvTTYlxusRtUv .

3-cMeBaHkarxUcxatedaysarGMeBIEdlRtUvsgÁmTTYlsÁal;fa smehtu pl GñkRbRBwtþGMeBIbMBanminRtUvTTYlxusRtUveLIy .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ cMeBaHkfaxNÐTI 2 sUmemIlmaRta 720 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 227 nig maRta 228

194

énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 52 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©sVis

maRta 757>- eKalkarN_sgkarxUcxatCaR)ak; nig krNIelIkElg 1-CaeKalkarN_ sMNgénkarxUcxatRtUvsgCaR)ak; . 2-kñúgkrNIEdlminGacTTYlkarse®gÁaHRtwmRtUvedaysMNgCaR)ak; Cn

rgeRKaHGacTamTar[eFVIbdiTan b¤ GacTamTar[hamXat;min[eFVIGMeBINamYy

)an . 3-cMeBaHkarbriharekrþ× eRkABIsMNgénkarxUcxat CnrgeRKaHGacTamTar

viFankarsþarkitþiyseLIgvij dUcCakarpSBVpSayesckþIsuMGP½yeTasCasaFarN³ )an .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ maRta 722 nig maRta 723 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1382 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 249

énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ kfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 49 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©sVis

maRta 758>- karKNnacMnYnTwkR)ak;énkarxUcxat 1-kñúgkarKNnacMnYnTwkR)ak;énkarxUcxatelIRTBüsm,tþiedaysarGMeBI

GnItüanukUl PaBxusKñarvagsßanPaBénRTBüsm,tþiEdlRtUv)ansn μtfa nwgman

RbsinebIK μanGMeBIGnItüanukUl nig sßanPaBénRTBüsm,tþiCak;Esþg eRkayeBl

EdlGMeBIGnItüanukUl)anekIteLIg RtUv)anvaytémø edayeRbIR)as;nUvsßiti nig

ÉksarepSgeTot . 2-kñúgkarKNnacMnYnTwkR)ak;énkarxUcxatstiGarm μN_edaysarGMeBI

GnItüanukUl cMnYnTwkR)ak;énCm¶Wcitþ RtUv)anvaytémø edayKitBicarNanUvsßanPaB

epSg² dUcCakRmiténkMhusectna b¤ Gectnarbs;GñkRbRBwtþGMeBIbMBan RbePT

nig kRmiténkarrgeRKaH GMeBIrbs;GñkRbRBwtþGMeBIbMBanenAeRkayGMeBIbgá[mankar rgeRKaHenaH .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

195

cMeBaHkfaxNÐTI 1 sUmemIlmaRta 249 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g; .

maRta 759>- karTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatedaysarkar)ak;Ebkvtßú enAeBlEdlvtßú)an)ak;Ebk edayGMeBIGnItüanukUl GñkrgeRKaHGacTamTar

sMNg dUcCatémøénvtßúEdl)ak;Ebk b¤ esah‘uyCYsCulvtßúenaH CaGaT× .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ Rkmrdæb,evNICb:un BMumanbBaØtþiRbePTenHeT .

maRta 760>- karTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatedaykarbMBanelICIvit 1-ebICnrgeRKaHTTYlmrNPaB edayGMeBIGnItüanukUl GñkrgeRKaHGac

TTYlsiT§iTamTarsMNgcMeBaHkarxUcxatelIRTBüsm,tþi nig karxUcxatstiGarmμN_ Edl)anekIteLIgcMeBaHxøÜn rhUtdl;mrNPaB . karxUcxatelIRTBüsm,tþi Edl)ankMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 enH RtUvrYmbBa©ÚlTaMgesah‘uyBüa)al nig

esah‘uycMNayepSgeTotEdlCnrgeRKaH)anbg; b¤ mankrNIykic©RtUvbg; cab; BIeRkayGMeBIbgá[mankarrgeRKaH rhUtdl;eBlTTYlmrNPaB R)ak;cMNUl

EdlCnrgeRKaHmin)anTTYl cab;BIeRkayGMeBIbgá[mankarrgeRKaH rhUtdl; eBlTTYlmrNPaB CaGaT× .

2-ebIbuKÁlEdlmankrNIykic©pþl;GaharkatBVkic© edayc,ab; TMenom

TMlab; b¤ edaykic©snüa )anTTYlmrNPaB edayGMeBIGnItüanukUl buKÁlEdl

TTYlCIvRBwtþi GacTamTarsMNgkarxUcxatelIRTBüsm,tþi Edl)anekIteLIgcMeBaH xøÜn edaysarmrNPaBrbs;CnrgeRKaH . karxUcxatelIRTBüsm,tþiEdl)an

kMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 2 enH RtUvrYmbBa©ÚlTaMgR)ak;CIvRBwtþiEdlbuKÁlEdlTTYl

CIvRBwtþiElg)anTTYledaysarmrNPaBénCnrgeRKaH esah‘uyEdlecjCMnYs

CnrgeRKaH esah‘uyeFIVbuNüsB CaGaT× . 3-ebICnrgeRKaHTTYlmrNPaB edayGMeBIGnItüanukUl shB½T§ jatienA

kñúg 1 ¬mYy¦ fñak; nig jatiEdlrs;enACamYyCnrgeRKaH GacTamTarsMNg

196

énkarxUcxatstiGarm μN_Edl)anekIteLIg edaysarmrNPaBrbs;CnrgeRKaH enaH)an .

¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦ cMeBaHkfaxNÐTI 1 sUmemIlmaRta 847 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g; cMeBaHkfaxNÐTI 2 sUmemIlmaRta

844 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g; cMeBaHkfaxNÐTI 3 sUmemIlmaRta 711 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1382 nig maRta 1383 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 47 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©sVis .

maRta 761>- karTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatedaykarbMBanelIrUbragkay ebImankarbMBanelIrUbragkay edayGMeBIGnItüanukUl CnrgeRKaHGacTam

TarsMNgénkarxUcxatelIRTBüsm,tþi nig karxUcxatstiGarmμN_Edl)anekIt

eLIgcMeBaHxøÜn . karxUcxatelIRTBüsm,tþiEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgmaRtaenH RtUvrYm

bBa©ÚÚlTaMgesah‘uyBüa)alEdl)ancMNayehIy b¤ esah‘uyBüa)alEdl

RbmaNfanwgRtUvcMNaynaeBlGnaKt R)ak;cMNUlEdlminGacTTYl)anenA eBlkMBugBüa)al nig R)ak;cMNUlEdlminGacTTYl)anenAeBlGnaKteday

sarplvi)akEdlbnSl;eRkayBIkarBüa)al CaGaT× . karxUcxatEdl)ankMNt; enAkñúgmaRtaenH RtUvrYmbBa©ÚÚlTaMgkarQWcab;EpñkstiGarm μN_enAeBlBüa)al nig

eBlGnaKt CaGaT× .

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842 maRta 843 nig maRta 847 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 47 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©sVis

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ebImankarbriharekrþ× edayGMeBIGnItüanukUl CnrgeRKaHGacTamTarsMNg

énkarxUcxatstiGarm μN_ edaysarkarGab;»nekrþ×eQμaHkñúgsgÁm .

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197

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maRta 763>- karTUTat;R)ak;cMeNj nig xat RbsinebICnrgeRKaH)anTTYlplcMeNjedaysarGMeBIGnItüanukUl cMnYn

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xat .11

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¬kMNt;¦ kñúgkarTUTat;kMhusenH kMhusmanPaBxusBIkMhusénl½kçx½NÐénkarTTYlxusRtUv . edaysarkMhusenA

kñúgmaRtaenH RtUv)anKitBicarNafaCamUlehtuedIm,IbnßynUvcMnYnTwkR)ak;sMNgénkarxUcxatEdlcarIRtUvTTYl bnÞúk kMhusenHmincaM)ac;CaGMeBIEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgniymn½yéncMNuc x énmaRta 742 k¾)anEdr . ehtudUecñH sßanPaBEdlPaKIxagCnrgeRKaHmankareFVsRbEhs b¤ manbBaðaminsmrmü k¾GackøayeTACa kMhusEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgmaRtaenH)anEdr . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

kfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 722 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 254 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;

maRta 765>- GaC£ayukalénkarrMlt;

11 maRta 763 enH RtUv)aneFVIviesaFnkmμedayc,ab;sþIBIkarGnuvtþRkmrdæb,evNI . 12 maRta 764 enH RtUv)aneFVIviesaFnkm μedayc,ab;sþIBIkarGnuvtþRkmrdæb,evNI .

198

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karxUcxatcMeBaHGñkRbRBwtþGMeBIbMBan b¤ ebIGMLúgeBl 10 ¬db;¦ qñaM )anknøghYs

bnÞab;BIGMeBIGnItüanukUlenaHRtUv)anRbRBwtþeLIg .

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manGMLúgeBl 3 qñaMenaH KW {eBlEdlCnrgeRKaH/////////)andwgfa GacTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxat} )an . eTaHCasiT§iTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxat)anekItmaneLIgCak;Esþgk¾eday RbsinebICnrgeRKaHmin)andwgfa Gac TamTarsMNgénkarxUcxat)aneT k¾CnrgeRKaHenaHminGacTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxat)aneLIy . b:uEnþ GMLúgeBlGaC£ayukalénkarrMlt;EdlmanEt 3 qñaMenH KWCaGMLúgeBlxøImYy . enAkñúgRkmrdæb,evNICb:un GaC£ayukalenHk¾manEt 3 qñaMEdr b:uEnþ manmtimYycMnYnfa GMLúgeBlenHmankarBi)akxøaMgsRmab;CnrgeRKaH edIm,Idak;BakübNþwgTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatedayGMeBIGnItüanukUl enAkñúgsgÁmbc©úb,nñEdlmanPaBkan;Et sμ úKsμajeTA²enH . ¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦

maRta 724 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 852 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 60 énc,ab;sþIBI katBVkic©sVis

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