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Project ManagementSpring 2007 Planning
Dr. SangHyun Lee
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Project Management PhaseFEASIBILITY DESIGN PLANNING DEVELOPMENT CLOSEOUT OPERATIONS
Fin.&Eval. Risk
Organization Estimating Planning Planning
OutlinePlanning Hierarchical Project StructuresWork Breakdown Structure Organization Breakdown Structure Cost Breakdown Structure
Planning Components
What: Work Breakdown Structure How: Plans and Specifications Who: Organization Breakdown Structure How much: Cost Breakdown Structure (via estimate) When: Schedule
OutlinePlanning Hierarchical Project StructuresWork Breakdown Structure Organization Breakdown Structure Cost Breakdown Structure
Work Breakdown Structure
A WBS is a deliverable-oriented grouping of project components that organizes and defines the total scope of the projectWork not in the WBS is outside the scope of the project WBS is usually an operative tool used by contractors
First step towards constructing a schedule Central role in project monitoring and control
WBS: ExampleProjectSite-Work On-Site Utilities Buildings
different summary level
Level I Major Facilities
Grading and Drainage
Paving Surfaces
Water System
Underground Electrical
Office Building
Maintenance Building
Warehouse Building
Level II Sub-Facilities
Drives
Parking
Architectural
Structural
Mechanical
Electrical
Level III Work Item
Foundation
Shell
Level IV Tasks
Work PackageDenotes continued breakdown
Work Package
Work Package
Level V Work Packages
Illustrative Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
Figure by MIT OCW.Source: Shtub et al., 1994
Work PackageLowest level Distinguish from Others Single Responsible Organization Assigned Start and Finish Assigned Budget Limited Duration
Types of WBSProject WBSOperative tool for monitoring and control contractor work
Contractual WBSDefines the level of reporting that the seller will provide the buyer May include less detail than Project WBS Agreed between owner and contractor
Functional Approachlevel 0 level 1 level 2 level 3 level 4COMPRESSOR 1 COMPRESSOR 2 FOUNDATIONS
GAS-STEAM COMBINED POWER PLANT
GAS
STEAM
INTERFACES
MAIN FUNCTIONS OF PLANT
TURBINE
GENERATOR
COMPRESSION STATION
ITEMS
COMPRESSORS
GAS TREATMENT
ENCLOSURE
UNITS
SUB-UNITS WORK PACKAGES
level 5DESIGN PROCUREMENT INSTALLATION
Physical Space ApproachProjectMain building1st floorStructures Plumbings Electrical HVAC
2nd floor
Service buildingStructures Plumbings Electrical HVAC
Procedure ApproachProjectFeasibility DesignBasic Detail Bid documents Shop drawings
Bid ConstructionFoundations subcontractMain building Piles Concrete foundations Service building Piles Concrete foundations
Steel erection Finishings
Commissioning
WBS: CSI Master Format - ExampleNORTHWEST CONSTRUCTION COMPANY 1242 First Avenue, Cascade, Washington 98202 (206) 239-1422 Work Breakdown Structure Huna Office Building 7/15/2000 CSI Description Division 1 Job Site General conditions 2 Site work: Earthwork & Utilities Paving Walks & Miscellaneous Sitework 3 Concrete: Purchase Reinforcement Steel Foundations Walls & Slabs 4 Masonry 5 Structural and Miscellaneous Metals 6 Wood & Plastic Rough Carpentry Finish Carpentry / Wood Floors 7 Thermal & Moisture Protection Insulation Roof & Accessories Gutters & Downspouts 8 Doors, Windows, Glass Doors Windows & Storefront Door Hardware CSI Description Division 9 Finishes: Drywall Painting Acoustical Ceilings Floor Covering: Carpet Floor Covering: Ceramic, Vinyl, Base 10 Specialties 11, 12, 13 Equipment, Furnishings, & Special Construction 14 Conveying Systems (Elevator) 15 Mechnical Systems: Plumbing Fire Protection HVAC Controls 16 Electrical Systems
SampleSource: Schaufelberger et al., 2002
OutlinePlanning Hierarchical Project StructuresWork Breakdown Structure Organization Breakdown Structure Cost Breakdown Structure
Organization Breakdown Structure
Decomposition of necessary resources to perform job Identification & organization of the resources responsible with carrying out activities associated with the project Used to keep track of specific work assignments & resource allocations
Organization Breakdown StructureProject resourcesProject management teamProject manager Construction superintendent Field superintendent Office manager Scheduler Accounter/controller Field engineer
Construction forceWorker SubcontractorElectrical Plumbing Insulation Tankage Roads
OBS/WBS Linkages
Linking the WBS and OBS.Project People
WBS
OBS
Major Facility
Major Group
Sub Facility
Sub Group or Department
Work Item
Discipline
Task 1
Task 2
Task 3
Engineer A
Engineer B
Engineer C
Work Package 1 Work Package 2 Work Package 3Denotes continued breakdown
Figure by MIT OCW.
Source: Shtub et al., 1994
OutlinePlanning Hierarchical Project StructuresWork Breakdown Structure Organization Breakdown Structure Cost Breakdown Structure
Cost Breakdown Structure (CBS)Breakdown of the costs of the various components of the structure including all work done by the subcontractors Serves as a basis for subsequent monthly pay requests by the contractor Used to continuously compare costs as they actually occur with the budget
Cost Breakdown Structure (CBS)100 101 102 103 104 105 115 116 117 121 240 .01 .05 .07 .08 .10 .11 .12 .16 .20 .40 .50 .51 .60 .90 MASTER LIST OF PROJECT COST ACCOUNTS Subaccounts of General Ledger Account 80.000 PROJECT EXPENSE Project Work Accounts .100 - .699 Clearing & Grubbing 245 Precast Concrete Demolition 260 Concrete forms Underpinning .01 footings Earth Excavation .05 grade beams Rock Excavation .07 slab on grade Backfill .08 beams Wood structural piles .10 slab Steel structural piles .11 columns Concrete structural piles .12 walls Steel sheet piling 280 Structural Steel Concrete poured 350 Masonry footings .01 8 in. block grade beams .02 12 in. block slab on grade .06 common brick bcarns .20 face brick slab on forms .60 glazed tile columns 400 Carpentry walls 440 Millwork stairs 500 Miscellaneous Metals expansion joints .01 metal door frames screeds .20 window sash float finish .50 toilet partitions trowel finish 560 Finish Hardware rubbing 620 Paving curing 680 Allowance 685 FencingSource: Shtub et al., 1994
Two Main Approaches
CBS = WBSCBS is the project cost control structure
CBS WBSCBS is the corporate multi-project cost control structure Usually the case of a firm that has an integrated cost control system
Diverse Combinations
WBS + OBS: Task assignments CBS + OBS: Budget monitoring of crews, etc. OBS + Schedule: Time-specific crew assignments CBS + Schedule: Cost monitoring