CBP 2002ITY 117 Digital Technologies So far we have wrestled with Memory, the CPU, Bits and Bytes, Input and Output. Yep, Now it’s high time to put some.

CBP 2002 ITY 117 Digital Technologies

So far we have wrestled with Memory, the CPU, Bits and Bytes, Input and Output.

Yep, Now it’s high time to put some of this together. Where

else than the computer’s

MOTHERBOARD ?


Computer Components


I/O Devices sorted by bandwidth

10 B/s 100 B/s 1kB/s 10 kB/s 100 kB/s 1 MB/s 10 MB/s 100 MB/s

AudioMouseKeyboard

Joystick

Scanner

IDE HDD

VDU

TV CameraCD Rom


Fast Components

MemoryHard Disk

Video Card

CPU


Slow Components


Sorting Devices by Bandwidth

• Classify Devices by their bandwidth (speed in Bytes/sec)

• Connect devices within each class together

• Then Connect classes together

Incredibly Fast

Fast

Slow

This gives us the structure of a PC Motherboard


Incredibly Fast

Fast

Slow

Buses

The connection are called Buses


PETEHOUND

Buses – What are they ?

Disk drive

Coordinated means of moving information around. Bandwidth?

Memory

CPU

11 0 1

Wires on pcb


PCB Bus tracks near a Pentium 4

Physical bus – load of tracks on a PCB (printed circuit board)


• Shared communication link• Single set of wires used to connect multiple subsystem• Designed speed (“Bandwidth”)• A Bus is also a fundamental tool for building complex

systems

Buses – They are :

• It creates a communication bottleneck• The maximum bus speed is largely

limited by:– The length of the bus– The number of devices on the bus

• New devices can be added easily• Peripherals can be moved between computer

systems that use the same bus standard• A single set of wires is shared in multiple ways

Poor

Good


A Grand Mother BoardPentium

III

440 North Bridge

South Bridge

Main Memory

Cache

IDE DIsk

Modem

MouseKBd

USB

Printer

SCSI

Sound

PCI Bus

ISA Bus

Organizing components by their speeds

Incredibly Fast

Very Fast

Fast

Slow

Graphics

Graphics


A Grand Mother Board Itox3

CPU Socket

PCI Slots

ISA Slots

North Bridge

South Bridge

simm


Two Types of Bus

USB Universal Serial Bus• Slow 1MByte / sec

• used for mice printer audio

• frame and packets – like network

Serial Bus

• PC’s mouse and keyboard

• used for mice printer audio

• frame and packets – like network


PCI Bus• Precursor was ISA - 8MHz 16 bit

• Original PCI 33 MHz 32 bit 100 MB/sec

• Now extended to 64 bit and 64 MHz

• Synchronous, multiplexed

• 5Volt or 3.3 Volt logic levels

• Plug and Play Support

• PCI-X 2.0 64 bit 533 MHz

PCI Slots (32 bit)

ISA Slots


Connections to the Motherboard

PS-2 Kbd mouse

USB

VideoSerial

Printer / Parallel

Game

Audio


A Modern Mother Intel D815

MCH

IOCH


A Modern Mother’s ChipsetIncredibly Fast

Very Fast

Fast

Fast

Slow

Slow

No Northbridge No Southbridge A New Grouping


A Modern Mother Intel D815Back Panel Connectors

AGP

PCI Bus

CPU Socket

DIMM

Codec

Battery

IOCH

MCH

HDD

FDD


Back Panel Connectors

AGP

PCI Bus

CPU Socket

DIMM

Codec

BatteryIOCH

MCH

HDD

FDD

CNR

D815 Plan


D815 CPU – Memory Control Hub


D815 Input-Output Control Hub


Glossary

• PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect

• ISA Industry Standard Association

• USB Universal Serial Bus

• Codec Coder-Decoder (audio media)

• AGP Advanced Graphics Port

• HDD Hard Disk Drive

• FDD Floppy Disk Drive

• SCSI Small Computer System Interface

• CPU Central Processor Unit

•PCB Printed Circuit Board

• IDE Integrated Drive Electronics

• simm single inline mem module

• dimm dual inline memory module

•MCH Memory Control Hub

• IOCH IO Control Hub

• IO Input or Output

• LAN Local Area Network

• SIO Serial Input Output

• PIO Parallel IO

• OTT Over The Top


Investigating Circuit BoardsHere’s some photographs which will help you recognize what a

printed circuit board’s function is.

Parallel Port Printer

Video Port

Serial Port

Ethernet (OLD)

PS/2 mouse, Keyboard

USB


BIOS ROM

Bleeper LED Display

Battery for CMOS

Power Connector

OLD Keyboard conn


Investigating Circuit BoardsHere’s some CHIP Identification Numbers that may help you

identify some Circuit Boards

• 80386 Intel CPU

• 80486 Intel CPU

• 8051 Microcontroller

• 8086 Intel CPU (early)

• 2732/64/128/256 EPROM

• 68030/40 Motorola CPU

• 8041 Keyboard controller

• 8049 Keyboard controller

• 8255 Input/Output Chip

• WD---- Disk controller chip

• 80282 ancient CPU

• 8237 Disk input output

• 8254 Programmable Timer


Microcontrollers

• Chips containing CPU RAM IO Ports, Timers.

• Used in Car Engine Management Systems

• Used in Alarm Systems

• Also in Coffee Machines

• Intel 8051-family

• This one in a Furbie


CBP 2002ITY 117 Digital Technologies So far we have wrestled with Memory, the CPU, Bits and Bytes, Input and Output. Yep, Now it’s high time to put some.

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