CBMS as a tool for promoting equity, PEP-Asia CBMS Network (Philippines).

Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS)

As a Tool for Promoting EquityJoel E. Bancolita

PEP-Asia CBMS Network

This work was carried out by the PEP Asia-CBMS Network Team of the Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies (AKI) ofDe La Salle University, Manila with support from the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and the UK Department forInternational Development (DFID)

Outline of Presentation

• Background – Rationale for CBMS– Central Issues in Poverty Reduction– Existing Sources of Data

• CBMS Methodology

• Current Applications of CBMS

• Coverage of CBMS Implementation

Rationale for CBMS

• CBMS, as one of the tools developed in the early 1990s, aims to address the:

– Need to track the impacts of policies, programs and various shocks on the poor and the vulnerable

– Lack of necessary disaggregated data that can be used as inputs to policymaking and program implementation

– Need for a sustainable mechanism that would facilitate evidence-based decision making and impact-monitoring at lower geopolitical levels

The what and when of anti-

poverty programs

The who, the where and the why of poverty

Central Issues in Poverty Reduction

Decentralization creates new information demands that may be best satisfied with CBMS

National

Provincial

Municipal/City

Village/Barangay

Administrative Structure

Information availability

Nat

ion

al

surv

eys

CB

MS

can

fill

th

e g

ap

Objectives of CBMS

To provide policymakers and program implementers with a regular source of necessary disaggregated data for:

• Determining the nature and extent of poverty

• Formulating appropriate policies and programs

• Identifying eligible beneficiaries for targeted programs

• Impact Monitoring– Programs

– Shocks

What is CBMS?

• CBMS is designed as an organized process of data collection, processing, validation, and integration of data in the local development processes

• It generates a core set of indicators that are being measured to determine the welfare status of the population. These indicators capture the multidimensional aspects of poverty.

Key features of CBMS

• It involves a census of households and not a sample survey

• It is rooted in local government and promotes community participation

• It uses local personnel and community volunteers as monitors

• It has a core set of indicators (outcome and impact indicators)

• It establishes databanks at all geopolitical levels

• It is conducted regularly.

Dimensions Indicator

Health and Nutrition Proportion of children under 5 who died

Proportion of women who died due to pregnancy related causes

Proportion of children aged 0-5 who are malnourished

Housing Proportion of households in makeshift housing

Proportion of households who areinformal settlers

Proportion of households without access to safe water supply

Proportion of households without access to sanitary toilet facilities

Dimensions Indicator

Education Proportion of children 6-11 years old who are not attending elementary school

Proportion of children 12-15 years old who are not attending secondary school

Proportion of children 6-15 years old who are not attending school

Income and Livelihood Proportion of households with income below the

poverty threshold

Proportion of households with income below the

food threshold

Proportion of households who experienced hunger

due to food shortage

Proportion of persons in the labor force who are

unemployed

Peace and Order Proportion of persons who are victims of crime

Methodology CBMS

Data Collection • Household census done by trained local enumerators

• Instruments for Data Collection

o 12 page household profile questionnaire (available in English and local dialect)

o 6 page village profile questionnaire

Data Processing • Done by trained local data processors using a freeware customized for CBMS data encoding, processing, consolidation, and digitized poverty mapping.

Validation • Survey findings are presented and discussed in a community forum

Methodology CBMSEstablishment of Database • Databases are established at

different geopolitical levels (province/municipal/city/ village level)

• A CBMS national repositoryis currently maintained at Ministry of Interior and Local Government (DILG), National Anti-Poverty Commission (NAPC), and at the PEP Asia-CBMS Network Office.

CBMS

PROCESS

(APP)

Step 1

Advocacy / Organization

Step 2

Data Collection, GPS Reading

andData Transmission(Integrated Training

Modules 1 and 2)

Step 3

Processing and Mapping(Training Module 3)

Step 4

Data validation And Community

Consultation

Step 6

Plan Formulation(Training Module 4)

Step 7

Dissemination/ImplementationAnd Monitoring

Step 5

Knowledge (Database)

Management

• Web and Android-based Mobile Data Capture System

• CBMS StatSimPro

• Quantum GIS (QGIS)

Android-

Based Mobile

Data Capture

(Scan)

QGIS

Software

CBMS

StatSimPro

CBMS Data

and

Indicators

CBMS Web

Server

(Portal)

CBMS Softwares are provided to LGU partners implementing CBMS for Free

CBMS Accelerated Poverty Profiling (CBMS-APP)

CURRENT APPLICATIONS OF CBMS

Data Generated from CBMS

• Data can be disaggregated across population sub-groups, and by geo-political levels (by barangay/village, municipality/city, province)

• CBMS, conducted on a regular basis, can generate panel data that can aid tracking of conditions of households/ groups of population over time.

Poverty Maps

• “The Many Faces of Poverty”, Volume 4

1. Balanga City

2. Masbate City

3. Olongapo City

4. Pasay City

5. Science City of Munoz

6. Tabaco City

7. Tayabas City

Use of CBMS in Poverty/development profiling, analysis and diagnostics

Human Development Report

Palawan is the first province to come up with the publication of the Human Development Report in 2000 and 2006 which marks its achievement of being the first province to use household level data as basis for its development agenda

Use of CBMS in Poverty/development profiling, analysis and diagnostics

Uses of CBMS

• For preparation of local development plans, budgets, and other policy-action programs

– Annual investment plans

– Disaster risk reduction management plans

– Gender and development plans

– Local poverty reduction action plans

Diagnosing non-participationUse of CBMS for design of interventions and targeting of program beneficiaries

123 out of 326 children 12-15 years old are not attending

secondary school

Households with children 12-15 years who are not in secondary school, Barangay 179, Pasay City

Disparity of school attendance across income class and age

Proportion of children 6-15 who are not attending school, 2011 and 2014 (CBMS APP Partial results)

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Income decile

All: 2011

All: 2014

Male: 2011

Male: 2014

Female: 2011

Female: 2014

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Age

As MDG Benchmarking & Monitoring Tool

Sub-national MDG Reports Using CBMS Data

1. Agusan del Norte 2. Agusan del Sur 3. Biliran4. Camarines Norte5. Eastern Samar6. Marinduque7. Romblon8. Siquijor9. Sarangani10. Batangas11. Valenzuela City

Use of CBMS for monitoring the achievement of the MDGs through Sub-national MDG Reports

2010 2013

Uses of CBMS

• For enriching existing databases

– Household /individual level databases

– Digitized poverty maps

Proportion of Households who have Experienced Hunger by Municipality, BarangayAgusan del Sur, 2005

Sibagat

14.2

Talacogon

6.8

Esperanza

24.8

Bunawan

12.3

San Luis

6.6

Trento

7.0Loreto

17.9

Rosario

9.9

Sta. Josefa

11.1

La Paz

21.4

Veruela

39.8

San Francisco

7.2

Prosperidad

9.3

Bayugan

14.1

Sibagat

14.2

Talacogon

6.8

Esperanza

24.8

Bunawan

12.3

San Luis

6.6

Trento

7.0

Loreto

17.9

Rosario

9.9

Sta. Josefa

11.1

La Paz

21.4

Veruela

39.8

San Francisco

7.2

Prosperidad

9.3

Bayugan

14.1

Agusan del Sur: 13.9

Proportion of households who have experienced hunger by BarangayMunicipality of Esperanza, Agusan del Sur, 2005

Las Nieves, Agusan del Norte

Bayugan

San Luis

Agusan del Sur: 13.9Esperanza: 24.8

Uses of CBMS

• For monitoring impacts of programs• Examples:

–Conditional Cash Transfer (4Ps)–Unconditional Cash Transfer (UCT)–Water project

Location of 4Ps

beneficiary

households with

children not

attending school,

Pasay City, 2014

Source: CBMS Census,

Pasay City 2014 (Partial

results)

Impact of 4Ps on school participation rate of 6-14 year old children

Matching using PSMDifference in difference

Schoolparticipation rate among 6-14 (Set 2012/2013)

4Ps non-4Ps

2011 0.888 0.926

2014 0.969 0.971

Difference 0.082 0.045 0.840

0.860

0.880

0.900

0.920

0.940

0.960

0.980

1 2

4Ps:2012,2013

control:2012.2013

2011

Age group

School Participation Status of Panel Members Aged 6-18 among 4Ps Beneficiaries for 2012

2011

2011

118 children

6-18 years old

2011 School participation 2014

7

23

children

15-18 years old

95

children

6-14 years old

10

1(10%)

9(90%)

10(8.5%)

9(11%)

85(72%)

73(89%)

1(25%)

3(75%)14

(11.9%)

3

9(7.6%)

2(100%)

Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC)

• All MUACs increased and significant in ALL areas and outside Tacloban

Round 1 Round 2 t P-value

ALL 14.90 15.31 6.554 0.000

Tacloban City 15.24 15.30 0.717 0.475

Outside Tacloban City 14.70 15.32 7.423 0.000

14.30

14.40

14.50

14.60

14.70

14.80

14.90

15.00

15.10

15.20

15.30

15.40

ROUND 1 ROUND 2

MUAC

ALL Tacloban City Outside Tacloban City

Mid-Upper Arm Circumference of children 0-5 by age

Age (1st round) Round 1 Round 2 t

P-value

0 14.1 14.7 4.3400.000

1 14.4 14.8 3.4720.001

2 15.0 15.6 4.3020.000

3 15.5 15.7 0.8730.385

4 15.7 15.7 0.0940.926

5 15.9 16.2 1.5170.13613.0

13.5

14.0

14.5

15.0

15.5

16.0

16.5

0 1 2 3 4 5

AGE

MUAC

Round 1 Round 2

• All MUACs increased and significant in ages 0,1,2

Malnutrition and child diet diversity

• Proportion of malnourished children decreased significantly among households with increased child diet diversity

• Among households with decreased child diet diversity, malnutrition prevalence increased although insignificant

MalnutritionPrevalence

Round 1 Round 2 t P-valueIncreased child diet diversity 8.1% 4.2% 1.679 0.094

Decreased child diet diversity 4.3% 5.7% -0.851 0.395

4.0%

4.5%

5.0%

5.5%

6.0%

6.5%

7.0%

7.5%

8.0%

8.5%

ROUND 1 ROUND 2

Malnutrition

Increased child diet diversity Decreased child diet diversity

Outcome/Impact Monitoring Implementation of Poder Project, Brgy. Añgas, Tabaco City 2009

Before After

Uses of CBMS

• As basis for response during disaster, calamities and emergencies

• Vulnerability to Climate Change

–Vulnerability index is a composite of exposure to hazard, sensitivity and lack of adaptive capacity

Climate Change Vulnerability Index per Municipality, Province of Marinduque, 2011

Climate Change Vulnerability Index per BarangayProvince of Marinduque, 2011

Boac0.309

Santa Cruz0.789

Toriijos0.371

Buenavista0.518

Gasan 0.522

Mogpog0.518

Boac

Santa Cruz

Toriijos

Buenavista

Gasan

Mogpog

Current and projected proportion of households with malnourished children

Source: CBMS Censuses 2007-2010

Current and projected proportion of households with malnourished children, Surigao del Norte

Source: CBMS Censuses 2007-2010

Current and projected vulnerability (in terms of malnutrition) in Mainit, Surigao del Norte

Source: CBMS Censuses 2007-2010

Uses of CBMS

• As inputs in the Grassroots ParticipatoryBudgeting Process (GPB), formerly knownas Bottom-up budgeting

• As contained in JMC of DBM-DILG-DSWD-NAPC in 2012 and 2014, the focus LGUSshall collect and collate all relevantinformation, statistics, and sex-aggregated data for poverty reductionplanning from CBMS

CBMS design is flexible to accommodate community-specific indicators

• Natural calamities and disaster management• Environment Protection• Women’s well being• Child Labour• Migration• Disability• Community service delivery• Social Protection• Entrepreneurship

CBMS Implementing Countries, 2000-present

AFRICA: Benin, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Niger, Senegal , South Africa, Tanzania, TogoASIA: Bangladesh, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Viet NamSOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Bolivia, PeruNORTH AMERICA: Haiti

Coverage of CBMS implementation in the Philippines

as of October 08, 2014

23,276 barangays in 862 municipalities and 69 cities in 73 provinces (32 of which are

provincewide)

CBMS APP trackCBMS PAPER track

About the CBMS Network

• The CBMS Network in particular supports the development and institutionalization of systems for monitoring poverty at the local level while promoting equity and empowering communities to participate in the development process

THANK YOU

PEP Asia - CBMS Network OfficeAngelo King Institute for Economic and Business StudiesDe La Salle UniversityRm I-1016, 10th Floor, Angelo King International Center, Estrada corner Arellano Streets, Malate, ManilaTelefax (632) 5262067Email at: [email protected]; [email protected]: www.pep-net.org

To learn more

• Visit: http://pep-net.org

• You might want to attend the 11th CBMS National Conference on Feb. 2-4, 2015 in Manila

• Email: [email protected]; [email protected]

Proportion of children 0-5 who are malnourished (using MUAC)

Round 1 Round 2 tP-value

ALL 5.3 4.8 0.406 0.685

Tacloban City 4.1 3.1 0.609 0.543

Outside Tacloban City 6.0 5.8 0.105 0.917

0.0%

1.0%

2.0%

3.0%

4.0%

5.0%

6.0%

7.0%

ROUND 1 ROUND 2

Malnutrition

ALL Tacloban City Outside Tacloban City

• All proportions decreased but not significantly

Proportion of households without access to safe water supply, by municipality, Province of Marinduque

2005 2008

BOAC

GASAN

BUENAVISTA

TORRIJOS

SANTA CRUZ

MOGPOG19.1

17.4

14.6

7.7

10.2

13.6

BOAC

GASAN

BUENAVISTA

TORRIJOS

SANTA CRUZ

MOGPOG25.5

11.9

8.5

6.7

9.2

13.5

Source: CBMS Census 2005 and 2008, Province of Marinduque

Proportion of households without access to safe water supply, by barangay, Province of Marinduque

2005 2008

BOAC

GASAN

BUENAVISTA

TORRIJOS

SANTA CRUZ

MOGPOG25.5

11.9

8.5

6.7

9.2

13.5

BOAC

GASAN

BUENAVISTA

TORRIJOS

SANTA CRUZ

MOGPOG19.1

17.4

14.6

7.7

10.2

13.6

Source: CBMS Census 2005 and 2008, Province of Marinduque