CB-radio in road traffic as social network and information technology Ing. Martin Adámek Department of Information Technologies Faculty of Informatics.

CB-radio in road trafficCB-radio in road trafficas social networkas social network

and information technologyand information technology

Ing. Martin AdámekDepartment of Information TechnologiesFaculty of Informatics and ManagementUniversity of Hradec Králové, Czech rep.

SoNetSeptember 2010

Martin Adámek (KIT FIM UHK) Martin Adámek (KIT FIM UHK) CB as so.net. & IT CB as so.net. & IT

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CB radioCB radioTransceivers, free accessible for publicTransceivers, free accessible for public

Citizen band (civil band)Citizen band (civil band)

band around 27 MHzband around 27 MHz

in CZ: lot of trucks, some vans, few off-in CZ: lot of trucks, some vans, few off-roads, rarely passenger carroads, rarely passenger car– absolutely unknown technology for the most absolutely unknown technology for the most

of peopleof people

in PL: lot of cars, including passenger in PL: lot of cars, including passenger ones (sharp police & fast drivers)ones (sharp police & fast drivers)– almost everyone knows italmost everyone knows it


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CB radio – brief historyCB radio – brief historyWay of using being changed in timeWay of using being changed in timeavailable ca. since beginning of 90’s, when:available ca. since beginning of 90’s, when:– GSM cell phones N/AGSM cell phones N/A– price of NMT mobile phone ca. 6 month salaries + high chargesprice of NMT mobile phone ca. 6 month salaries + high charges– waiting for fixed phone e.g. 3 years (even if with shared line) waiting for fixed phone e.g. 3 years (even if with shared line) => CB: communication technology for families, companies, => CB: communication technology for families, companies,

organisations, friends organisations, friends (emergency channel no.9 used to be monitored by EMS, Police (emergency channel no.9 used to be monitored by EMS, Police or Metro Police in CZ)or Metro Police in CZ)

beginning of 21st century:beginning of 21st century:– 2nd-hand function mobile phone free of pay, low charges2nd-hand function mobile phone free of pay, low charges– for sport, outdoor and even organising also available PMR 446 for sport, outdoor and even organising also available PMR 446

MHz hand transceivers (lower price, lower size and weight, MHz hand transceivers (lower price, lower size and weight, lower battery consumption, lower but usable range)lower battery consumption, lower but usable range)

=> CB: almost being used already by drivers only=> CB: almost being used already by drivers only


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Technical principlesTechnical principlesno repeaters (direct transmitting from transceiver to no repeaters (direct transmitting from transceiver to receiver) => limited rangereceiver) => limited range– range depending mostly on equipment of transmitting siderange depending mostly on equipment of transmitting side

and position of each participant (receiving of disturbing signals)and position of each participant (receiving of disturbing signals)– in some distance connection can be available in 1 direction only in some distance connection can be available in 1 direction only

(stronger->weaker; not back)(stronger->weaker; not back)– in group communication can be that:in group communication can be that:

B have connection with A and C, but A and C do not have connection B have connection with A and C, but A and C do not have connection with each otherwith each otherand all combinations (A hears C, C does not hear A...)and all combinations (A hears C, C does not hear A...)

halfduplexhalfduplex– switching of each station between transmitting and receiving modeswitching of each station between transmitting and receiving mode– max.1 transmitting station on 1 channel (else signal disturbing)max.1 transmitting station on 1 channel (else signal disturbing)

open band, accessible for everyoneopen band, accessible for everyoneroad traffic: road traffic: – ch 10 FM in CZ, ch 19 AM in PL (ch10cz ch 10 FM in CZ, ch 19 AM in PL (ch10cz ≠ch10pl≠ch10pl))

real range depends on conditions and state of equipment: real range depends on conditions and state of equipment: ca. 100m (broken ant.) to ca. 40km (amp.) on normal roadca. 100m (broken ant.) to ca. 40km (amp.) on normal road


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A B C

Various range of Various range of transmittingtransmitting


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Social networkSocial networkCB available ca. since beginning of 90’sCB available ca. since beginning of 90’s

without obligation of registration ca. since 1/3 of without obligation of registration ca. since 1/3 of 90’s90’s

term „social network“ is newer than CBterm „social network“ is newer than CB

network of network of peoplepeople equipped by transceivers equipped by transceivers

it can not be function without peopleit can not be function without people– small roads with low road (and radio) trafficsmall roads with low road (and radio) traffic– after midnight when low trafficafter midnight when low traffic– in CZ: weekends (truck driving prohibited; passenger in CZ: weekends (truck driving prohibited; passenger

cars not equipped by CBs)cars not equipped by CBs)


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Information technologyInformation technologyeach information turning around in circle in some each information turning around in circle in some definite limited (=> related) location around place of definite limited (=> related) location around place of occurrence of eventoccurrence of event– being repeated during whole period of validity of being repeated during whole period of validity of

informationinformation

CB-radio versus radio broadcastCB-radio versus radio broadcast– broadcast has unacceptable delay (considering program broadcast has unacceptable delay (considering program

schedule)schedule)– lot of broadcast stations exist; almost none info. sharinglot of broadcast stations exist; almost none info. sharing– broadcasting is for whole country or big regionbroadcasting is for whole country or big region– CB is instant and localCB is instant and local

=> provides => provides related informationrelated information– it is possible to ask on CB (generally on ch. xor concrete)it is possible to ask on CB (generally on ch. xor concrete)

about traffic information, about navigation problemabout traffic information, about navigation problem


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< A B > C >

HK, NAPha

B: (general channel ask, xor to A) How does it look in direction to NA?A: Ok up to HK.B: Thanks, you have it clean up to Pha.C: How was it?, I have not received.B: Ok up to HK.C: Thanks.

One of often real scenarios One of often real scenarios (simplified)(simplified)


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Comparison & resumeComparison & resumeempirically: empirically:

CB radio is much better than broadcast CB radio is much better than broadcast radio for traffic informationradio for traffic information– but limited by type of road and weekbut limited by type of road and week--dayday ++ time time

(demanding truck traffic)(demanding truck traffic)– based on ca. 15 years personal experience of based on ca. 15 years personal experience of

using CB radio in the carusing CB radio in the car


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Comparison & resumeComparison & resumescientfistifically: scientfistifically:

searching suitable method just nowsearching suitable method just now– monitoring of CB traffic and other information sources monitoring of CB traffic and other information sources

– NDIC website, radios broadcasting (not radar info – NDIC website, radios broadcasting (not radar info on public channels), Czech and Polish CB band, on public channels), Czech and Polish CB band, radary.cz (SMS)radary.cz (SMS)

in traffic knot like Náchod or Hradec Královéin traffic knot like Náchod or Hradec Královéon some main road during some traffic event (radar on some main road during some traffic event (radar measurement)measurement)

– monitoring of frequency of repeating of the same monitoring of frequency of repeating of the same informationinformation

– watching how much of drivers paying penalty for over-watching how much of drivers paying penalty for over-speed have CB and why they did not know about speed have CB and why they did not know about radarradar

– watching of driving-light signalswatching of driving-light signals


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Comparison & resumeComparison & resume% searching suitable method just now% searching suitable method just now– operation of central CB information service in traffic operation of central CB information service in traffic

knot (normal in Prague, sometimes in Brno –hobby of knot (normal in Prague, sometimes in Brno –hobby of disabled people) and logging of information float into disabled people) and logging of information float into protocolprotocol

– counting of cars equiped by CB antenna, with counting of cars equiped by CB antenna, with information about category of vehicle and country of information about category of vehicle and country of registrationregistration

– watching how much of drivers of cars with CB watching how much of drivers of cars with CB antenna really watch radio traffic on driver’s channelantenna really watch radio traffic on driver’s channel

– everything for various types (sizes) of roads, various everything for various types (sizes) of roads, various days, various timedays, various time

– watching of traffic information and comparing with real watching of traffic information and comparing with real state during drivingstate during driving


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SummarySummary

CB provides much more location-relevant CB provides much more location-relevant information, in much shorter time (the information, in much shorter time (the same road, few seconds) than radio same road, few seconds) than radio broadcast (whole country, tens of minutes)broadcast (whole country, tens of minutes)– information about traffic accident information about traffic accident inin few few

seconds (users of CBs informed faster then seconds (users of CBs informed faster then police)police)

necessity of verification some acceptable necessity of verification some acceptable wayway


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Questions?Questions?

Thanks for your attention.Thanks for your attention.

[www.adamek.cz]

Antennas for receiving and transm. of information:

• 89,7 MHz FM Rx(ČRo1 - Radiožurnál)

• 27,180 MHz AM Rx/Tx(CB, Polish ch. 19)

• 27,075 MHz FM Rx/Tx(CB, Czech ch. 10)

CB-radio in road traffic as social network and information technology Ing. Martin Adámek Department of Information Technologies Faculty of Informatics.

Documents

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traffic information

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