Causes of WWI: “MAIN”
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Causes of WWI: “MAIN”Causes of WWI: “MAIN”
Militarism Militarism
AlliancesAlliances
ImperialismImperialism
Nat’lismNat’lism
“MAIN”“MAIN”
Long term causes: Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nat’lism
Long term causes: Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nat’lism
M: Militarism or Arms RaceM: Militarism or Arms Race Armies and navies were greatly
expanded FR & DE - armies 2x in size
Naval expansion competitive - especially btwn DE and GB British Dreadnought
Conscription = military draft Ex. GB & US
Armies and navies were greatly expanded FR & DE - armies 2x in size
Naval expansion competitive - especially btwn DE and GB British Dreadnought
Conscription = military draft Ex. GB & US
M: MilitarismM: Militarism
Plans for mobilization Ex. Schlieffen Plan
German Chief of Staff Alfred von Schlieffen
2 front war scenario Outlined a plan to conquer FR w/in 5 wks
b4 RU could effectively mobilize for war on the E. Front (estimated at 6 wks)
Plans for mobilization Ex. Schlieffen Plan
German Chief of Staff Alfred von Schlieffen
2 front war scenario Outlined a plan to conquer FR w/in 5 wks
b4 RU could effectively mobilize for war on the E. Front (estimated at 6 wks)
A: AlliancesA: Alliances
The forming of alliances between European countries
Three Emperors League - DE, AH, RU Dual Alliance after RU backed out
The Triple Alliance - DE, AH, IT The Triple Entente – FR, GB, RU
The forming of alliances between European countries
Three Emperors League - DE, AH, RU Dual Alliance after RU backed out
The Triple Alliance - DE, AH, IT The Triple Entente – FR, GB, RU
A: Alliances ContinuedA: Alliances Continued
Secret Franco-Italian Alliance IT neutral if DE attacked FR Triple Alliance meaningless now
1887-1890 Reinsurance Treaty – DE & RU If FR v. DE If RU v. AH
Franco Russian Agreements
Secret Franco-Italian Alliance IT neutral if DE attacked FR Triple Alliance meaningless now
1887-1890 Reinsurance Treaty – DE & RU If FR v. DE If RU v. AH
Franco Russian Agreements
A: Alliances ContinuedA: Alliances Continued Entente Cordiale – GB & FR
Triple Entente with RU Not militarily binding, but a “moral
obligation” Treaty of London 1839
Committed GB to defend BE neutrality RU pledge to protect Serbia
Entente Cordiale – GB & FR Triple Entente with RU Not militarily binding, but a “moral
obligation” Treaty of London 1839
Committed GB to defend BE neutrality RU pledge to protect Serbia
I: ImperialismI: Imperialism
GB, DE, FR needed foreign markets after the increase in manufacturing caused by the Industrial Rev.
These countries competed for econ expansion
GB, DE, FR needed foreign markets after the increase in manufacturing caused by the Industrial Rev.
These countries competed for econ expansion
N: Nat’lismN: Nat’lism Different ethnic groups struggling
for independence and unification Ex. Serbia thought Bosnia should be
under their control as opposed to AH since Serbs + Bosnians are both Slavic
Bismarck built a DE Empire FR wanted Alsace-Lorraine back from DE
Different ethnic groups struggling for independence and unification Ex. Serbia thought Bosnia should be
under their control as opposed to AH since Serbs + Bosnians are both Slavic
Bismarck built a DE Empire FR wanted Alsace-Lorraine back from DE
Short term causesShort term causes June 28, 1914 Archduke Francis Ferdinand
Heir to AH throne Assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia by Serbian
nationalists Black Hand AH convinced that Serbian gov’t had
conspired against them
June 28, 1914 Archduke Francis Ferdinand
Heir to AH throne Assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia by Serbian
nationalists Black Hand AH convinced that Serbian gov’t had
conspired against them
Aftermath of AssassinationAftermath of Assassination
DE pledged full support aka “Blank Check” to AH
FR strengthened backing of RU AH made impossible demands
Serbia
DE pledged full support aka “Blank Check” to AH
FR strengthened backing of RU AH made impossible demands
Serbia
Declaration of WarDeclaration of War July 28 AH declared war on Serbia July 29 RU ordered a partial mobilization
only against AH August 1 DE declared war on RU August 3 DE declared war on FR DE invasion of Belgium to attack FR
prompted GB to declare war on DE
July 28 AH declared war on Serbia July 29 RU ordered a partial mobilization
only against AH August 1 DE declared war on RU August 3 DE declared war on FR DE invasion of Belgium to attack FR
prompted GB to declare war on DE
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