CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II. HOW HITLER COMES TO POWER : “FIRST GERMANY, THEN THE WORLD”

CAUSES OF WORLD CAUSES OF WORLD WAR IIWAR II

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HOW HITLER COMES TO HOW HITLER COMES TO POWERPOWER::

“FIRST GERMANY, THEN THE “FIRST GERMANY, THEN THE WORLD”WORLD”

MEIN KAMPFMEIN KAMPF::MY STRUGGLEMY STRUGGLE

• In prison Hitler writes his autobiography In prison Hitler writes his autobiography Mein Kampf Mein Kampf inin 1924 1924

• In this book Hitler In this book Hitler spells out his plan for spells out his plan for rearming Germany, world conquest and his rearming Germany, world conquest and his plans for Germany’s Jewish populationplans for Germany’s Jewish population

• By 1933 it is Germany’s top selling book- By 1933 it is Germany’s top selling book- it it becomes Hitler’s means of financial supportbecomes Hitler’s means of financial support

ARYANISMARYANISM • Hitler divides the human race into 2 groups- Hitler divides the human race into 2 groups-

Aryans and Non-AryansAryans and Non-Aryans

• Aryans were the “pure bloods” of the great Aryans were the “pure bloods” of the great ancient societies of Rome, Egypt, and Greeceancient societies of Rome, Egypt, and Greece

• He claimed those not of Aryan blood were He claimed those not of Aryan blood were destroying Germany’s destiny destroying Germany’s destiny and must be and must be eliminated at all costseliminated at all costs

HITLER BECOMES THE HITLER BECOMES THE FUHRERFUHRER OF GERMANY OF GERMANY

• Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany by Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany by President Hindenburg on January 30, 1933President Hindenburg on January 30, 1933

• President Hindenburg dies in 1934- President Hindenburg dies in 1934- Hitler Hitler quickly combines Chancellor and President into quickly combines Chancellor and President into the Fuhrerthe Fuhrer

• Fuhrer translates to “LEADER”Fuhrer translates to “LEADER”

““What good fortune for governments that the What good fortune for governments that the people do not think.”- Hitlerpeople do not think.”- Hitler

"Where one burns books, one will soon burn "Where one burns books, one will soon burn people.”- Heinrich Heinepeople.”- Heinrich Heine

The History Place - Hitler Youth: Chapter Index

Causes of World War II:Causes of World War II:AAAAAA

• AggressionAggression

• AppeasementAppeasement

• AlliancesAlliances

• What does What does appeasementappeasement mean? mean?

AGGRESSION:AGGRESSION:JAPANJAPAN

• In 1931 Japan seizesIn 1931 Japan seizes ManchuriaManchuria

• In 1937 Japan overran In 1937 Japan overran eastern Chinaeastern China

• 1937-38: Rape of 1937-38: Rape of NankingNanking

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AGGRESSION:AGGRESSION:ITALY ETHIOPIAITALY ETHIOPIA

• Wants to show off new Italian militaryWants to show off new Italian military

• 1935-36: Italy invades Ethiopia1935-36: Italy invades Ethiopia

• League votes for sanctions against Italy League votes for sanctions against Italy which are never enforcedwhich are never enforced

AGGRESSION:AGGRESSION:GERMANY SEEKS GERMANY SEEKS LebensraumLebensraum

• March 1936 - March 1936 - Rhineland:Rhineland: Hitler Hitler occupies a demilitarized zone in occupies a demilitarized zone in Germany -Germany - challenge to challenge to VersaillesVersailles

• March 1938: March 1938: Austria:Austria: Hitler Hitler orchestrates theorchestrates the AnschlussAnschluss - - Union of Germany and AustriaUnion of Germany and Austria

• September 1938:September 1938:Czechoslovakia:Czechoslovakia: Hitler sought to annex theHitler sought to annex the SudetenlandSudetenland

ROME – BERLIN – TOKYOROME – BERLIN – TOKYOAXISAXIS

APPEASEMENT:APPEASEMENT:Britain and FranceBritain and France

• Why did powerful nations Why did powerful nations appeaseappease Hitler? Hitler?

• FranceFrance was was demoralized from WWIdemoralized from WWI and and politically dividedpolitically divided

• BritainBritain thought the Treaty of Versailles was thought the Treaty of Versailles was unfairunfair - Hitler’s actions are justified - Hitler’s actions are justified

• BothBoth saw Hitler as a saw Hitler as a defense to defense to CommunismCommunism

• All governments driven by PACIFISMAll governments driven by PACIFISM

Question:Question:

Why did two sworn enemies, Why did two sworn enemies, HitlerHitler

and Stalinand Stalin, join together in August,, join together in August,

1939?1939?

Nazi-Soviet Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression PactNon-Aggression Pact• Why??Why??

• Hitler:Hitler:

– Did NOT want a two-front Did NOT want a two-front war war (remember WWI?)(remember WWI?)

– Wanted a free hand in Wanted a free hand in PolandPoland

• Stalin:Stalin:

– Could buy time to build up Could buy time to build up defensesdefenses

– Chance to increase his own Chance to increase his own territoryterritory (at the expense of (at the expense of Poland)Poland)

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Invasion of Poland:Invasion of Poland:World War II BeginsWorld War II Begins

• German German LuftwaffeLuftwaffe attacks attacks Poland and destroys the Poland and destroys the Polish air force in 3 daysPolish air force in 3 days

• Blitzkrieg: “Lightning War”Blitzkrieg: “Lightning War”• September 3, 1939:September 3, 1939: Britain Britain

announces it is at war w/ announces it is at war w/ GermanyGermany

• Stalin’s troops invade from Stalin’s troops invade from East on Sept. 17East on Sept. 17

• Sept. 27 - Poland surrendersSept. 27 - Poland surrenders

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The Fall of FranceThe Fall of France

• French wait for attack behind the Maginot Line

• Allowed Germans to fully concentrate on Poland

• Hitler went through Belgium instead of France

• British and French sent troops to Belgium through countryside

• Hitler entered France through the Adrennes Mts.

• British and French troops trapped in Belgium

Miracle at DunkirkMiracle at Dunkirk• Rescue army of 850 Rescue army of 850

ships (civilian boats, ships (civilian boats, yachts, fishing boats, yachts, fishing boats, etc)etc)

• Carried 338,000 Carried 338,000 soldiers to safetysoldiers to safety

• June 14, 1950 June 14, 1950 Paris fell Paris fell to German troopsto German troops

• Charles De Gaul:Charles De Gaul: Heads the French Gov’t Heads the French Gov’t in Exile from Londonin Exile from London

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Nazi Occupied ParisNazi Occupied Paris

The Battle of BritainThe Battle of Britain• Great Britain stands Great Britain stands

alonealone• ““We shall fight on the We shall fight on the

beaches, we shall fight beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the we shall fight in the fields and in the fields and in the streets…we shall never streets…we shall never surrender.” – surrender.” – Winston Winston ChurchillChurchill

• German Luftwaffe Vs. German Luftwaffe Vs. British RAFBritish RAF

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The Battle of BritainThe Battle of Britain• Continuous bombing of Continuous bombing of

airfields, factories, airfields, factories, cities (London).cities (London).

• Although RAF were out Although RAF were out numbered…numbered…

• RADAR: location, RADAR: location, direction, speed of direction, speed of airplanesairplanes

• ENIGMA: German ENIGMA: German code breakercode breaker

• END: Hitler’s advances END: Hitler’s advances can be blocked.can be blocked.

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