Causes and Effects of World War I
Jan 04, 2016
Causes and Effects of World War I
Causes of World War I -
M
A
N
I
A
ilitarism – policy of building up strong military forces to prepare for war
lliances - agreements between nations to aid and protect one another
ationalism – pride in or devotion to one’s country
mperialism – when one country takes over another country economically and politically
ssassination – murder of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand
MANIA
Causes of World War IBalkan Powder Keg
Caution Explosive
1914
Alliance System
Imperialism
Nationalism
Blank Check Given to Austria by
Germany
Immediate CauseThe Assassination
At SarajevoSet off the
Powder Keg and Started WWI
MilitarismArms race
Assassination
1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures
France 10%
Britain 13%
Russia 39%
Germany 73%
Causes of WWI - MilitarismCauses of WWI - Militarism
1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914
94 130 154 268 289 398
Total Defense Expenditures for the Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br.,
Rus.] Rus.] in millions of £s (British pounds).in millions of £s (British pounds).
Triple EntenteTriple Entente::Triple EntenteTriple Entente:: Triple AllianceTriple Alliance::Triple AllianceTriple Alliance::Causes of WWI - AlliancesCauses of WWI - Alliances
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Italy
Great Britain
France
Russia
Causes of WWI - NationalismCauses of WWI - Nationalism
Causes of World War I: Nationalism
Aggressive Nationalism France and Germany Germany proud of military and Industrial
strength. French loss in Franco Prussia
War/revenge Recovery of lost provinces Alsace and
Lorraine
• Balkans 1914• Southeastern Europe
• East of Italy
• Dominated by the Austrian Hungarian Empire
• Slavic Nations
•Russia felt the need to protect the other Slavic nations because of its size.
•Pan-Slavism - movement to unify all of the Slavic people. Trouble in Serbia with Austrian Hungarian Empire.
Imperialism
• 1905 and 1911 Moroccan Crisis• France and Germany almost to the brink
of war• Morocco: France vs. Germany• Britain sides with France/resents Germany
industrial strength.• Britain and France develop closer ties.• European nations taking over parts of the
Ottoman Empire.
Causes of WWI - Assassination
Causes of WWI - Assassination
Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie at Sarajevo, Bosnia, on June 28th, 1914.
The Legacy of War
• 8.5 Million Killed
• 21 million wounded
• War Costs 338 billion, destroys towns, and land in Europe and Russia
• disillusionment
Collapse of the Empires
• Breakup of Austrian Hungarian Empire– Austria and Hungary become independent
nations– Czechoslovakia & Yugoslavia were formed– Italy and Romania gained land
Ottoman Empire Dissolved
• Turkey becomes independent
• Most of the Arab nations were put under the control of Britain and France
• Mandates
• Russian and German Losses
• Other nations Formed: Poland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
The Treaty of Versailles: Major Provisions
• League of Nations• Territorial Losses/Germany returns Alsace
Lorraine; French Border extended to the Rhine; Germany surrenders all of its overseas colonies in Africa and the Pacific
• Military restrictions/limits size of German Army; cannot build or import weapons, submarines, airplanes
The Treaty of Versailles: War Guilt
• Sole responsibility for the war placed on Germany’s shoulders
• Germany forced to pay the Allies 33 Billion in reparations over 30 years.
• Laid the ground work for WWII.
Bibliography
• http://www.mrberlin.com/8th/WWI/World_War_I_causes.ppt#269.