Caught in the Network
Caught in the Network
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Caught in the Network
A research on the effects of the contemporary economic centrality in Am-sterdam North on its adjacent residential neighbourhoods
Robin Boelsums1275267
4 Nov 2011P1 - Complex Cities
Mentor: R.Rocco
Caught in the Network
Sources: Butler, 2010
Sections
Trends
Problem Statement
Location
Methodology Methodology
Aim
Main research question
Sub research questions
Methods
Deliverables
Time schedule
First steps
Examples
Project location
Future plans
main problems
Segregation
Lack of opportunities
Aim + RQ
Global
Local
Global vs. Local
Next steps
Location
Methodology Methodology
Aim
Main research question
Sub research questions
Methods
Deliverables
Time schedule
First steps
Project location
Future plans
Aim + RQ
Next steps
Problem Statement main problems
Segregation
Lack of opportunities
In practice
Global
Local
Global vs. Local
Trends
Source: Globe 2008 Source: Wikipedia 2008 Source: author 2011 Source: author 2011
GlobalTrends
Globalisation + Neoliberalism
Network society/cityGlobal & regional
connections
Local disconnectedness
Global businesses cluster in nodes in metropolitan areas
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€ €€€€
€ € €
€€€
€€
€ €
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Local
Source: Skifter Andersen 2004 Source: Rijksoverheid 2007
Trends
Social inequality
Exclusion of people
Segregation
Concentrationof poverty
Spatialinequality
Exclusionof places
Deprived areas
500 deprived social housing estates18 criteria (NL)
1. Income2. Job3. Education4. Small dwellings5. Old dwellings6. Cheap dwellings7. Vandalism8. Vandalism9. Social nuisance10. Social nuisance11. Unsafety12. Satisfaction dwelling13. Satisfaction neigh-bourhood14. Moving tendency15. Sound nuisance16. Waste17. Traffic18. Safety
Less attractive for investments Less attractive for house huntersReduces private and public servicesDecline of physical environmentIncreases crime
Economic problems for estate ownersSocial stigmatisationInsecurityIncreases social expenses for local authorities
Trends Global vs. Local
Social inequality
Exclusion of people
Segregation
Concentrationof poverty
Spatialinequality
Exclusionof places
Globalisation
Establishment of economic cen-
tralities
Strong regional infrastructural net-
work
Source: Skifter Andersen 2004
In practiceTrends
Source: www.som.com Source: MapstubeBird’s eye view Deprived areas + Canary Wharf
Canary Wharf, London
Source: Google maps 2008 Source: Google maps 2008
In practiceTrends
Zuidas Amsterdam
Segregation Inequality
Trends
Methodology Methodology
Aim
Main research question
Sub research questions
Methods
Deliverables
Time schedule
First steps
In practice
Aim + RQ
Global
Local
Global vs. Local
Next steps
Project location
Future plans
main problems
Segregation
Lack of opportunities
Problem Statement
Location
Source: author 2011
Project locationLocation
Amsterdam
Haarlem
Bloemendaal
HoofddorpHillegom
Nieuw-Vennep
Lisse
Amstelveen
Zaandam
Zaanstad
PurmerendVolendam
Monnickendam
Diemen
Weesp
Bussum
Naarden
Laren
Beverwijk
IJmuiden
Uithoorn
Schiphol
Almere
Sources: Randstad 2040 (2007)
Sources: Randstad 2040 (2007)
Project locationLocation
Source: Bruijne et al 2010
CentralitiesLocation
Utrecht
1960s - Amsterdam ArenA
Ideas 1960s
Industry and offices Monofunctional
Seperated from residential neigh-bourhoods by train tracks
Critique
Slowly becomes multifunctional
Still excluded from adjacent problem area
Together with Schiphol and Zui-das it forms the ‘economic motor’ of Amsterdam
Sources: Jolles et al 2003
CentralitiesLocation
Utrecht
Haarlem
Bloemendaal
HoofddorpHillegom
Nieuw-Vennep
Lisse
Amstelveen
Zaandam
Zaanstad
PurmerendVolendam
Monnickendam
Diemen
Weesp
Bussum
Naarden
Laren
Beverwijk
IJmuiden
Uithoorn
Schiphol
Almere
1982 - Sloterdijk Teleport
Ideas 1982
Large, attractive business district
Bank offices
Critique
Not many invest-ments
District remained small
Good connections, potential for devel-opment
Sources: Salet, Majoor 2005
CentralitiesLocation
Utrecht
Haarlem
Bloemendaal
HoofddorpHillegom
Nieuw-Vennep
Lisse
Amstelveen
Zaandam
Zaanstad
PurmerendVolendam
Monnickendam
Diemen
Weesp
Bussum
Naarden
Laren
Beverwijk
IJmuiden
Uithoorn
Schiphol
Almere
1998 - Zuidas
Ideas 1998
Demand from mar-ket (ABN Amro)
Highrise
International attrac-tion
Multifunctional
Programme:650,000 m2 offices1450 dwellings(400 in 2010)
Critique
Inflexible
Too long time hori-zon
Too monofunctional
Programme:1,100,000 m2 offices9000 dwellings
Centralities
Sources: Gemeente Amsterdam
Location
Utrecht
Haarlem
Bloemendaal
HoofddorpHillegom
Nieuw-Vennep
Lisse
Amstelveen
Zaandam
Zaanstad
PurmerendVolendam
Monnickendam
Diemen
Weesp
Bussum
Naarden
Laren
Beverwijk
IJmuiden
Uithoorn
Schiphol
Almere
2005 - Amsterdam North
Ideas 2005
Multifunctional working, living
High rise office buil-gins
Social housing 20 %
Development of IJ banks
Programme:2200 dwellingsWork 60,000m2Facilities 20,000m2
Critique
That’s the question
Project locationLocation
Source: TU Delft maps 2011 Source: author 2011
Volewijck
Prewar garden village
Deprived neighbourhood - high unsafety rate - high % low income - 73% social housing
Source: TU Delft maps 2011 Source: author 2011
Project locationLocation
Overhoeks
Economic centralitySince 2005
Programme: - 2200 dwellings - facilities 20,000 m2 - work 80,000 m2
Future plansLocation
Source: Overhoeks 2007
Future plansLocation
Source: Gemeente Amsterdam 2011
Source: TU Delft maps 2011; Gemeente Amsterdam 2011
Noord-Zuidlijn
Trends
Problem Statement
Location
Methodology Methodology
Aim
Main research question
Sub research questions
Methods
Deliverables
Time schedule
First steps
In practice
Project location
Future plans
main problems
Segregation
Lack of opportunities
Aim + RQ
Global
Local
Global vs. Local
Next steps
Main problemsProblem statement
Inequality Spatial disconnectedness
Local segregation (author, 2011)
Segregation scheme (Skifter Andersen, 2004)
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€ €€€€
€ € €
€€€
€€
€ €
Social inequality
Exclusion of people
Segregation
Concentrationof poverty
Spatialinequality
Exclusionof places
Main problems
Source: Author 2011
Problem Statement
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Weakness: neighbourhood cannot benefit from adjacent opportunities
Threat: this may increase inequality
Visible in segregation, but also in pro-gramme.
Lack of opportunities
“There is no straitforward link between city and neighbourhood fortunes”
(Mumford, Lupton 1999:30)
Main problems
Source: Author 2011
Problem Statement
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Lack of opportunities
Problem statement Segregation
V O L E W I J C K
O V E R H O E K S
Source: author 2011
**
Problem statement Segregation
O V E R H O E K S
Source: Shell 2006
**
Problem statement Segregation
V O L E W I J C KSource: author 2011
Source: author 2011
Problem statement Segregation
Spatial inequality
V O L E W I J C K
O V E R H O E K S
Source: author 2011
Problem statement Segregation
Spatial inequality
V O L E W I J C K
O V E R H O E K S
Problem statement Segregation
V O L E W I J C K
O V E R H O E K S
Source: Dienst Onderzoek en Statistiek 2011
Economic inequality
High % construction workers & industry
Work sectors
Workers in own district or elsewhere
0,0 5,0 10,0 15,0 20,0
C industrie
D energiebedrijven
E waterwinning en afvalverwerking
F bouwnijverheid
G handel
H transport en logistiek
I horeca
J informatie en communicatie
K financiële instellingen
L handel, verhuur onroerend goed
M advisering en onderzoek
N overige zakelijke dienstverlening
O overheid
P onderwijs
Q gezondheids- en welzijnszorg
Amsterdam
Noord
20% social housing80% rent + owner occupied
73% social housing4% rent23% owner occupied
Problem statement Segregation
V O L E W I J C K
O V E R H O E K S
Economic inequality
Income 2007
Economic activities concentrated in Overhoeks
Source: Dienst Onderzoek en Statistiek 2007
Source: Palmbout 2005
Rent prices:€900-2400/month
Problem statement Segregation
V O L E W I J C K
O V E R H O E K S
Social inequality
Source: Dienst Onderzoek en Statistiek (2011)
Unsafety
Source: Palmbout 2005
Safety
Problem statement Segregation
V O L E W I J C K
O V E R H O E K S
Source: author 2011, Dienst Onderzoek & Statistiek 2007
Social inequalitySuriname
6%
Antillianen1%
Turks5%
Maroccans7%
Not-Western8%
Western27%
Netherlands53%
Origin
Source: author 2011; gemeente Amsterdam 2011 Source: TU Delft maps 2011
Problem Statement
Spatial disconnectedness
Segregation
Source: author 2011
Lack of opportunitiesProblem statement
Utrecht
Haarlem
Bloemendaal
HoofddorpHillegom
Nieuw-Vennep
Lisse
Amstelveen
Zaandam
Zaanstad
PurmerendVolendam
Monnickendam
Diemen
Weesp
Bussum
Naarden
Laren
Beverwijk
IJmuiden
Uithoorn
Schiphol
Almere
Focus on other centralities and cities in the region
Trends
Location
Methodology Methodology
Methods
Deliverables
Time schedule
First steps
In practice
Project location
Future plans
Global
Local
Global vs. Local
Next steps
Problem Statement main problems
Segregation
Lack of opportunities
Aim
Main research question
Sub research questions
Aim + RQ
Aim Aim
Social inequality
Exclusion of people
Segregation
Concentrationof poverty
Spatialinequality
Exclusionof places
Volewijck
Create an economic sustain-able residential neighbour-hood that benefits from the adjacent economic develop-ment; prevent it from being gentrified.
Aim Aim
1
Overhoeks
Retain the economic vitality, image and attraction.
Create an easy scale jump, from the global to the re-gional to the local scale.
On what aspects should the areas be equal and in-equal?
Main RQAim
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How can the residential neighbourhoods benefit from the adjacent contemporary economic centrality in ‘Overhoeks’ Amsterdam North?
Main RQAim
Utrecht
Haarlem
Bloemendaal
HoofddorpHillegom
Nieuw-Vennep
Lisse
Amstelveen
Zaandam
Zaanstad
PurmerendVolendam
Monnickendam
Diemen
Weesp
Bussum
Naarden
Laren
Beverwijk
IJmuiden
Uithoorn
Schiphol
Almere
Utrecht
Haarlem
Bloemendaal
HoofddorpHillegom
Nieuw-Vennep
Lisse
Amstelveen
Zaandam
Zaanstad
PurmerendVolendam
Monnickendam
Diemen
Weesp
Bussum
Naarden
Laren
Beverwijk
IJmuiden
Uithoorn
Schiphol
Almere
How can the residential neighbourhoods benefit from the adjacent contemporary economic centrality in ‘Overhoeks’ Amsterdam North?
Trends
Location
Aim
Main research question
Sub research questions
Time schedule
First steps
In practice
Project location
Future plans
Aim + RQ
Global
Local
Global vs. Local
Next steps
Problem Statement main problems
Segregation
Lack of opportunities
Methodology
Methods
Deliverables
Methodology
Strategy- general
Vision- Amsterdam North
Design- Key location
Relevance
Problem Statement
ResearchQuestions
Inequality
Disconnected-ness
Lack of opportunities
RESEARCH
DESIGNCONTEXT Amsterdam
Case studies
Literature
I II III
Inequality between Overhoeks and VolewijckExclusion of Volewijck caused by Overhoeks
Process of Overhoeks and its e�ects
Inequality between cent- rality and neighbourhoodExclusion of neighbour-hood by centrality
Process of centrality and its e�ects
Causes and e�ects of inequalityCauses and e�ects of exclusion
Process of centrality
Methodology
Methodology
Source: author 2011
Methods
Research Questions Mp SO DR SS GIS RD LitHow can the surrounding residential neighbourhoods benefit from the contemporary economic centrality in ‘Overhoeks’ Amsterdam North?
What forms the inequality between the Volewijck and Overhoeks?
What causes the disconnectedness between the Volewijck and the centrality?
What opportunities could residents have in the centrality and what makes that they cannot benefit from it?
What effect does inequality have on residential areas adjacent to cen-tralities?
How can the contemporary economic centrality be spatially, socio-spa-tially and economically connected to its residential neighbourhoods?
How can residential neighbourhoods benefit from an adjacent eco-nomic centrality?
What effect does inequality have on the deprivation of residential ar-eas?
What effect does disconnectedness have on the deprivation of resi-dential areas?
How can residential neighbourhoods benefit from an adjacent eco-nomic centrality?
CS = Case Studies DR = Data Research GIS = GIS Research RD = Research by DesignMp = Maps SO = Site Observation SS = Space Syntax Lit = Literature
Main method
Submethod
Am
ster
dam
Case
stu
dies
Lite
ratu
re
Trends
Location
Methodology Methodology
Aim
Main research question
Sub research questions
Methods
Deliverables
In practice
Project location
Future plans
Aim + RQ
Global
Local
Global vs. Local
Problem Statement main problems
Segregation
Lack of opportunities
Time schedule
First stepsNext steps
Source: author 2011
Time scheduleNext steps
Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40Onderdeel Sep Oct P1 Nov Dec Jan P2 Feb Mar Apr P3 May P4 June P5CONTEXTDefine context+structureANALYSIS+RESEARCHAnalysis A'damResearch on locationLITERATURELiterature studyWrite paperCASE STUDIESResearch+analysisDraw conclusionsDELIVERABLESDevelop strategyDevelop visionDevelop designWrite thesisMake presentation
First stepsNext steps
Amsterdam
Continue analysis
Case studies
Define cases studies based on criteria
Literature
Continue literature study
Robin Boelsums1275267
4 Nov 2011P1 - Complex Cities
Mentor: R.Rocco
Thank you!
Questions?
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