cấu trúc máy tính Chuong1

• 1. Chng 1 Gii thiu v Phn cng ca my tnh PC

2. Ni dung chnh ca chng Phn cng ca PC cn phi c Phn mm Phn cng ca PC: 1. Nhn t bn ngoi, PC c nhng g? 2. Bn trong hp h thng c nhng g? 3. Bn trn Bo mch h thng c nhng g? 4. Phn bit B nh chnh v B nh ph 5. Phn bit BIOS h thng v BIOS m rng 3. Hardware Cn Software nh chic xe cn ti x v th my 4. Chc nng c bn ca Hardware: Nhp, X l, Lu tr v Xut d liu 5. Cc yu t cn thit cho Hardware hot ng Phng php thng tin gia CPU v cc thit b khc: Ngt, DMA, ... Software iu khin thit b: cc trnh iu khin thit b Ngun in cung cp cho thit b 6. Hardware dng Nhp v Xut d liu Thng gi l cc thit b I/O hoc cc thit b ngoi vi a s nm bn ngoi hp h thng Thng tin vi CPU thng qua cc Cng hoc cc kt ni khng dy 7. Cc cng ni cc thit b I/O 8. Thit b Nhp d liu thng dng nht 9. Thit b xut d liu thng dng nht 10. Hardware bn trong Hp h thng Bo mch h thng (CPU, B nh, ) B nh c nh (Cc a mm, a cng, a CD-ROM, ) B ngun nui Cc bo mch m rng Cp ni 11. Bn trong hp h thng 12. Bo mch h thng (Systemboard) Cn gi l Bo mch m (Motherboard) hoc Bo mch chnh (Mainboard) Bo mch ln nht v quan trng nht Cha CPU v nhiu th quan trng khc 13. Bo mch h thng 14. Bo mch h thng 15. Cc cng bn ngoi xut pht t bo mch h thng Ni tip (Serial) Song song (Parallel) Ni tip a nng (USB) Tr chi (Game) Bn phm (Keyboard) Chut (Mouse) 16. Cc cng bn ngoi xut pht t bo mch h thng 17. Cc cng bn ngoi xut pht t bo mch h thng 18. Cc thnh phn chnh trn bo mch h thng Thnh phn x l CPU (thc hin hu ht cng vic x l d liu) Chip set (h tr cho CPU trong vic iu khin cc hot ng xy ra trn bo mch) B nh tm thi RAM continued 19. Phng tin lin lc gia CPU vi cc thit b Mch in hoc dy dn Khe cm m rng ng h h thng H thng in Kt ni vi b ngun nui Phn sn v d liu cu hnh Flash ROM CMOS setup chip Cc thnh phn chnh trn bo mch h thng 20. CPU Socket, CPU, Qut gi 21. CPU Socket, CPU, Qut gi 22. Chip Set (h tr cho CPU iu khin cc hot ng xy ra trn bo mch h thng) 23. Cc thit b lu tr B nh chnh (tm thi) Lu tr tm thi cc lnh v d liu khi CPU x l chng Thng c gi l B nh hoc RAM B nh ph (c nh): Cc loi a khc nhau: mm, cng, CD, DVD, Removable Disk, chng lu tr d liu khi CPU khng lm vic 24. B nh chnh v B nh ph 25. B nh chnh Cc module RAM SIMMs (single inline memory modules) DIMMs (dual inline memory modules) RIMMs (manufactured by Rambus) 26. Cm RAM vo bo mch h thng 27. Cc kiu module RAM 28. My bn c bao nhiu RAM? System Properties 29. B nh ph Hard disks (a cng) Floppy disks (a mm) Zip drives ( a nn) CD-ROMs (a CD) DVDs (a DVD) Removable Disks 30. Hard Drives (a cng) 31. a cng a s l cc a cng s dng cng ngh EIDE (Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics), cng ngh ny cho php ci t n 4 thit b EIDE trn mt PC 32. Mt bo mch h thng thng c 2 u ni IDE 33. 1 cng v 1 CD dng cp ring 34. 1 cng dng cp ring, 1 CD v 1 Zip dng chung cp 35. Ngun nui cho a cng 36. a mm: Ch c 1 u ni trn bo 37. C th c 2 a mm 38. Hu ht cc CD-ROM l theo chun EIDE 39. Phng tin lin lc gia cc thit b trn bo mch h thng Bus ng h h thng Cc khe cm m rng PCI: dnh cho cc thit b c tc cao AGP: Video card ISA: dnh cho cc thit b c c tc chm 40. Bus: Cc ng mch in kt thc cm CPU 41. Bus d liu 42. ng h h thng ng b cc hot ng trn bo mch h thng Pht ra cc xung trn bus cc thnh phn khc s dng 43. ng h h thng 44. Khe cm m rng: Ni cm bo mch m rng 45. Khe cm m rng: Ni cm bo mch m rng 46. Cc bo mch m rng Cho php CPU kt ni vi cc thit b bn ngoi hoc mt mng my tnh Nhn dng chc nng ca bo mch bng cch nhn vo phn cui ca n (phn thy c t pha sau hp h thng) 47. Cc bo mch m rng: Sound card 48. Cc bo mch m rng: Modem card 49. 4 bo mch m rng 50. Nhn dng card m rng: nhn vo cui 51. H thng in B ngun nui (quan trng nht) Cung cp ngun in cho my tnh Nhn in p110-120 V AC chuyn i thnh cc mc in p DC thp hn C th chy mt ci qut lm mt cho bn trong hp h thng 52. B ngun nui 53. Cp ngun cho bo mch h thng 54. Cp ngun cho bo mch h thng 55. Cp ngun cho cc card m rng 56. Phn sn v d liu trn bo mch h thng Cc thng tin v cu hnh ca my tnh Khi ng my tnh Tm kim h iu hnh (OS) c lu tr cc chip ROM c bit t cc cng tc vt l trn bo (jumper v DIP) Chip CMOS-RAM c nui bng pin 57. ROM BIOS Phn mm c lu tr c nh trong cc chip ROM c gi l phn sn (firmware) Cn phn bit BIOS h thng v BIOS m rng: chng c lu tr trong ROM trn bo mch h thng hay trong ROM trn cc bo mch m rng? 58. ROM BIOS m rng 59. ROM BIOS h thng 60. Chip CMOS-RAM lu tr thng tin cu hnh 61. Chip CMOS-RAM lu tr thng tin cu hnh 62. Jumpers 63. DIP Switches 64. Tm tt chng 1 Cc thit b phn cng dng nhp, xut Cc thit b bn trong hp h thng Bo mch h thng, CPU, cc Chip set Cc thit b lu tr Cc phng tin lin lc gia cc thit b trn bo mch h thng Cc bo mch m rng H thng in Chng trnh v thng tin cu hnh continued