CATEGORISATION OF PRESERVATION FOR THE SELECTED RUMAH BUMBUNG PERAK IN KUALA KANGSAR, PERAK BY NORHAFIZATULLAKMAR BINTI SULAIMAN A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science (Built Environment) Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design International Islamic University Malaysia AUGUST 2016
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CATEGORISATION OF PRESERVATION FOR THE
SELECTED RUMAH BUMBUNG PERAK IN KUALA
KANGSAR, PERAK
BY
NORHAFIZATULLAKMAR BINTI SULAIMAN
A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the
degree of Master of Science (Built Environment)
Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design
International Islamic University Malaysia
AUGUST 2016
ii
ABSTRACT
Traditional Malay houses are one example of Malaysia’s cultural heritage endangered
by the onslaught of modern development. The inconsistent approaches in evaluating
ways for the preservation of heritage buildings, such as the traditional Malay house,
also make it difficult to preserve these structures. The research aims are to determine
the category of preservation of the traditional Malay houses by the residents in Kuala
Kangsar, Perak and to establish their reasons that lead to each of the category. Its
objectives included determining what components signified traditional Malay house,
thus determining its value as an object of history and preservation; to determine the
categories of preservation related to traditional Malay houses in the Kuala Kangsar
district; and to examine the reasons that influenced the categories of preservation.
Rumah Bumbung Perak, a type of traditional house found in Kuala Kangsar, Perak,
were selected for detailed observation. The condition of selected 20 samples of the
traditional Malay house was investigated by using building’s visual investigation
survey and via semi- structured interview. An observation checklist was designed to
investigate the presence and conditions of 14 types of house components. Semi-
structured interviews were conducted with 20 residents of the houses to have an in-
depth understanding about the preservation categories. The results revealed that the
preservation of the traditional Malay houses in Kuala Kangsar could be divided into
three categories with 6 houses highly preserved, 13 houses moderately preserved, and
1 house that were poorly preserved. The findings indicated that the preservation of
traditional Malay houses in Kuala Kangsar was influenced by five main reasons: (1)
financial problems, (2) lack of awareness among the users, (3) changes on the daily
needs of the users, (4) material defects, and (5) changes in building owners. By
knowing these reasons, it assisted the residents in making decisions regarding their
house maintenance. It is expected that this study could contribute some benefits to the
residents, various government agencies, heritage body, society and by all those who
concerned with the preservation of heritage buildings in Malaysia.
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خلاصة البحث
يي القلييد حدد حثلي الميوث الللفي المفليي ذاا البيت القلييد حبب يعد تصميم البيت الملاثهددا بفلانلراض ي ظل ذجم القنمي الحديل ي ثفليييف. لا تيجد ذنفك خطط ثاضح ثثقنفسل ليعمل ثن حجل تلدير قيم الحففظ عيى المبفني القلييدي ثخفب البيت الملايي القلييد . اسقهدفت
عيى المكينفت الميوثث لبعض البييت القلييدي -ثن قبل السكفن–ه الدواس تحديد حسبفب المحففظ ذا( ثذلك ثفلف لفئ ثثسقيى Kuala Kangsar-Perakالمخقفوة ي كيالا كفنجسفو بيلاي فيراك )
No part of this unpublished research may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior written permission of the
copyright holder except as provided below.
1. Any material contained in or derived from this unpublished research
may only be used by others in their writing with due to
acknowledgement.
2. IIUM or its library will have the right to make and transmit copies
(print or electronic) for institutional and academic purposes.
3. The IIUM library will have the right to make, store in a retrieval
system and supply copies of this unpublished research if requested by
other universities and research libraries.
By signing this form, I acknowledged that I have read and understand the IIUM
Intellectual Property Right and Commercialization policy.
Affirmed by Norhafizatullakmar Binti Sulaiman
…………………………. …………………………..
Signature Date
vii
This thesis is dedicated to my parents, for laying the foundation of what I turned out to
be in life.
viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
“Bismillahirrahmanirrahim: In the of God, the Most Gracious and the Most
Merciful”
Alhamdullilah and I praised Allah the Almighty for His help that I can finish this
thesis on time.
The completion of this research was utterly due to many contributions which
deserved to be recognized. Without any support obtained from these individuals, this
research may not be possible to be produced. Therefore, I will always treasure the
knowledge, support and advices given throughout this research process.
First of all, I would particularly like to express my gratitude to my supervisor,
Asst. Prof. Dr. Nurul Syala Abdul Latip. She provided valuable advices, ideas,
recommendations, guidance and knowledge throughout this research process. Without
her guidance this research may not be completed as it is. A part from that I would like
to take this opportunity to record my appreciation to my co- supervisor Asst. Prof. Dr.
Zumahiran Kamarudin regarding her time, work and effort to assist this thesis.
Not to forget the support and guidance given by my family, friends (Zuraini,
Azirah, Illani, Ikhwan, respondents and relatives, directly or indirectly throughout the
process of this research paper. Therefore it is hoped that the finding of this study may
assist other research in understanding and appreciating the Malay’s cultural heritage
and also traditional Malay houses. In a way, this specific research may help to provide
more understanding about our Malay’s treasure. In precaution taken to ensure that our
future generation can also know about the Malay itself.
Wassalam.
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract .......................................................................................................................... ii
Abstract in Arabic ......................................................................................................... iii
Approval Page ............................................................................................................... iv
Declaration ..................................................................................................................... v Copyright ...................................................................................................................... vi
Dedication .................................................................................................................... vii
Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................... viii List of Tables ............................................................................................................... xii
List of Figures ............................................................................................................. xiii
List of Abbreviation .................................................................................................... xvi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION…………….………………………..………..1
1.1 Background of Study .................................................................................. 1 1.2 Problem Statements .................................................................................... 2
1.3 Research Gap .............................................................................................. 3 1.4 Main Research Questions ........................................................................... 4
1.5 Research Aim.............................................................................................. 4
1.6 Research Questions ..................................................................................... 4
1.7 Research Objectives.................................................................................... 5
1.8 Operational Term ........................................................................................ 5
1.9 Significance of Study .................................................................................. 6
1.10 Scope of Research....................................................................................... 6
1.11 Structure of Thesis ...................................................................................... 7
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW……………………………..……....10 2.1 Introduction................................................................................................. 10
2.2.1 Cultural Heritage .............................................................................. 12 2.2.2 Heritage Building ............................................................................. 14
2.3 Preservation of Heritage Buildings ............................................................. 16 2.3.1 Conservation, Preservation, Rehabilitation and Restoration ........... 17 2.3.2 Building Preservation in Malaysia ................................................... 26
2.3.3 Factor Influencing Preservation ....................................................... 27 2.4 Traditional Malay House ............................................................................ 29
2.4.1 Type of Traditional Malay House in Malaysia ................................ 32 2.4.2 Traditional Malay House- Components ........................................... 38 2.4.3 House Form and Structural Components ......................................... 40
2.4.4 Space Function and Arrangements .................................................. 45
2.5 The Traditional Malay House of Perak ...................................................... 51 2.6 Theoretical Framework .............................................................................. 56
CHAPTER FOUR :CASE STUDY .......................................................................... 81 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 81
4.2 Selection of Case Study Area ..................................................................... 81 4.3 Concentration of Traditional Malay House in Kuala Kangsar ................... 83
4.3.1 Selection of Traditional Malay houses ............................................. 84
DISCUSSIONS ……………………………………………………………...………90 5.1 Introduction................................................................................................. 90 5.2 Data Collection ........................................................................................... 90
5.2.1 Type of Traditional Malay House .................................................... 90
5.2.2 Ditribution of Selected Traditional Malay House ............................ 91
5.2.3 Availability of the House Components ............................................ 94
5.3 Categories of Preservation in Kuala Kangsar ............................................ 98 5.3.1 Highly Preserved ............................................................................ 100