Cataract

‘CATARACTA’(LATIN)MEANING ‘WATERFALL’

DEFINITION:

CATARACT IS CAUSED BY OPACIFICATION AND DEGENERATION OF LENS FIBRES ALREADY FORMED, THE FORMATION OF ABBERENT LENS FIBRES OR DEPOSITION OF OTHER MATERIALS IN THEIR PLACE.

CATARACT

ETIOLOGY:•EYE INJURY

•SUN EXPOSURE

•SMOKING

•HYPERTENSION

•KIDNEY DISORDERS

•DIABETES MILLETUS

•LONG TERM USE OF STEROIDS

•TOXIC SUBSTANCES

•HEREDITARY

PATHOGENESIS:

•DEGENERATION

•OPACIFICATION

•DEPOSITION OF OTHER MATERIAL

•ABNORMALITY OF LENS PROTEIN

•DISORGANISATION OF FIBRES

•  Blurred vision• Need for frequent changes in your eyeglasses or contacts •Trouble in driving at night (Glare)  •Sensitivity to bright light  •Change in color vision (yellow, orange, and red appear brighter and WHITE appears dull). •Polyopia and monocular diplopia•Coloured haloes

SYMPTOMS:

BLURRED VISION DUE TO SCATTERING OF LIGHT ON THE RETINA

GLARED VIEW(TROUBLE DRIVING AT NIGHT)

CHANGE IN COLOUR VISION(DIMNESS)

CLASSIFICATION :

BASED ON :

•MORPHOLOGY

•AGE OF ONSET

•MATURITY

•ETIOLOGY

MORPHOLOGIC:

1.CAPSULAR CATARACT

-ANTERIOR CAPSULAR CATARACT

-POSTERIOR CAPSULAR CATARACT

2.SUB CAPSULAR CATARACT

-ANTERIOR SUBCAPSULAR CATARACT

-POSTERIOR SUBCAPSULAR CATARACT

3.NUCLEAR CATARACT

4.CORTICAL CATARACT

5.LAMELLAR/ZONULAR CATARACT

6.SUTURAL CATARACT

-POSTERIOR SUBCAPSULAR CATARACT

-CORTICAL CATARACT

-NUCLEAR CATARACT

-MATURE CATARACT

AGE OF ONSET:1.CONGENITAL

2.INFANTILE

3.JUVINILE

4.PRE-SENILE

5.SENILE

CONGENITAL CATARACT

INFANTILE AND JUVINILE CATARACT

MATURITY:1.INTUMESCENT CATARACT

2.IMMATURE CATARCT

3.MATURE CATARACT

4.HYPERMATURE CATARACT

5.MORGAGNIAN CATARCT

MATURE AND IMMATURE CATARACT

IMMATURE CATARACT

ETIOLOGIC:

1.TRAUMATIC CATARACT

2.METABOLIC CATARACT

3.TOXIC CATARACT

4.COMPLICATED CATARACT

5.INTRA UTERINE CATARACT

6.HERIDITARY CATARACT

7.RADIATIONAL CATARACT

8.ELECTRIC CATARACT

9.CATARACT ASSOSCIATED WITH SKIN DISEASES-ICHTHYOSIS,ATOPIC DERMATITIS

10.CATARACT ASSOSCIATED WITH OSSEOUS DISEASES-PARATHYROID TETANY

11.CATARACT WITH MISCELLANEOUS DISEASES-DYSTROPHIA MYOTONICA,ALPORTS SYNDROME,DOWNS SYNDROME

AFTER CATARACT

SUBJECTIVE CLASSIFICATION:

• GRADE 0: CLEAR LENS

• GRADE 1: SWOLLEN FIBRES AND SUB CAPSULAR OPACITIES

• GRADE 2: NUCLEAR CATARACT AND VISIBLE LENS FIBRES

• GRADE 3: STRONG NUCLEAR CATARACT WITH PERINUCLEAR AREA OPACITY

• GRADE 4: TOTAL OPACITY

SUBJECTIVE CLASSIFICATION